• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2019

Dioscorea japonica Thunberg (DJ) has been widely used as a healthy food in Korea for the enhancement of physical stamina. Hence, the present study evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of DJ in forced swim test of mouse model. The immobility time of the group treated with DJ for 7 days was significantly reduced in comparison with that of the control group. After a forced swimming test, the changes in blood biochemical parameters and splenic T lymphocyte populations induced by the administration of DJ were assessed. Serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly decreased in DJ-administered group compared to the control group. However, administration of DJ did not affect the splenic T lymphocyte populations. Moreover, DJ significantly increased the production of interferon-g and interleukin-2 compared to the media control in splenocytes. Collectively, it may be concluded that DJ is useful for enhancement of physical and immune function.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.54-70
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• 2008

Background and Object : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of GCSBPT (Gagam-Cheongsang BangPungTang) on the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory reactions. Methods : Vascular permeability and Cyclooxygenase inhibition assay are examined in vitro and nitric oxide inhibition assay, radical scavenging activity test, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 inhibition test are examined in vivo. Results : GCSBPT showed inhibitory effects on vascular permeability and leukocyte migration in animal test. In cyclooxygenase 2 inhibition assay, an ethanol extract of GCSBPT inhibited prostaglandin E2 generation at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$. Among the herbal ingredients of GCSBPT, ethanol extracts of Nepetae Spica exhibited potent inhibitory activities. Ethanol extract of GCSBPT inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW 246.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Ethanol extract of GCSBPT exhibited radical scavenging activity of 54% at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Among the herbal ingredients of GCSBPT. Conclusions : According to the above results, I expected that GCSBPT was a potent anti-inflammatory prescription.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

Prophylactic and curative behaviors of Panax ginseng components (95%, 50% ethanol ext., ginsenoside Re and Ginsana G 115) on the hepatomegaly, lipid peroxidation of the thioacetamide-intoxicated animals in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Ginsenoside Re and Ginsana G 115 significantly decreased in the lipid peroxide formation : the 95% ethanol extract and ginsenoside Re, in the zinc sulfate turbidity test. Besides these investigations, the preventive effect of ginseng components on the degranulation of mast calls in the guinea pig mesentery by compound 48/80 and venom toxin (Agkistrodon piscivourus) was also examined. All ginseng components subjected to this experiment were affected significantly at the different degrees.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2004

The decreasing effect of wrinkle on the pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches containing ulmi cortex extract and sorbitol as the drug for anti-wrinkle were investigated. In this study, hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking reaction of acrylic polymers and aluminum ions produced by L(+)-tartaric acid hydrolysis of the dihydroxy aluminum aminoacetates. The inhibition concentration of ulmi cortex extract on the collagenase exhibited at 0.01%. Furthermore, the moisturizing effect of hydrogel patches formulated with sorbitol was higher than that without it. In vivo animal test in hairless mouse showed that the ulmi cortex-loaded hydrogel patches had about 31.2% of anti-wrinkle effect compared to blank (before attaching the patches). Human test showed that only 33% of subjects showed the decreasing of wrinkle during 8 weeks. In conclusion, the model pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches in this study would be pharmaceutically applicable for the wrinkle treatment on the facial skin.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.38.1-38.10
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate vital pulp tissue removal from different endodontic instrumentation systems from root canal apical third in vivo. Materials and Methods: Thirty mandibular molars were selected and randomly divided into 2 test groups and one control group. Inclusion criteria were a positive response to cold sensibility test, curvature angle between 10 and 20 degrees, and curvature radius lower than 10 mm. Root canals prepared with Hero 642 system (size 45/0.02) (n = 10) and Reciproc R40 (size 40/0.06) (n = 10) and control (n = 10) without instrumentation. Canals were irrigated only with saline solution during root canal preparation. The apical third was evaluated considering the touched/untouched perimeter and area to evaluate the efficacy of root canal wall debridement. Statistical analysis used t-test for comparisons. Results: Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument. Conclusions: Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during in vivo instrumentation is not entirely removed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1311-1320
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• 2003

This paper proposed the estimating method of electromagnetic dosimetric reliability at in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. For more accurate consequences of these researches, we have tried to find out any correlations among output power, power density and specific absorption rate(SAR) with the results of in-vivo, in-vitro tests and SAR reports of cellular phone and PDA. In the case of in-vivo tests, the power density has close statistical correlations with SAR value and in the event of in-vitro tests, the output power has considerable statistical correlations with SAR containing duty factor. We analysed the coefficient of determination to estimate the dosimeoic uncertainty. If we use this method before evaluating techniques of measurement and analysis at both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments, we will conduct more accurate reliability test.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2006

In this paper, we fabricated and evaluated polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-based flexible and implantable micro electrodes. The electrode patterning was carried out with the photolithography and chemical etching process after e-beam evaporation of 100 ATi and 1000 A Au. The PDMS substrate was treated by oxygen plasma using reactive ion etching(RIE) system to improve the adhesiveness of PDMS and metal layers. The minimum line width of fabricated micro electrode was 20 $\mu$m. After finished patterning, we did packaging with PDMS and then brought up the electrode's part about 40 $\mu$m with gold electroplating. The Hank's balanced salt solution(HBSS) test was carried out for 6 month for endurance of fabricated micro electrode. We carried out in-vivo test for the evaluation of biocompatibility by implanting electrodes under the ICR mouse skin for 42 days.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.67-83
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• 1995

Skin irritations accompany the series of complex, physical and chemical changes. Alternative methods which reflect the biological phenomenon more sensitively are necessary for the purpose of reducing the animal tests and improving the accuracy and reliability. Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vascular assay is a in vitro method which utilizes the chorioallantoic membrane of hen's fertilized egg of about 10 days old. Test substances are placed directly onto the surface of the CAM and 1 hour later the CAM vasculature is subjectively evaluated to determine with a chemically related-injurious reponse including the appearance of haemorrage, congestion, coagulation, and so on. In this research, using the various surfactants, the correlations of CAMVA with in vivo models (intradermal safety test and human primary irritation test) were investigated. And CAMVA closely correlated to intradermal safety test (r=0.89) and human primary irritation test (r=0.90). From the result, it seems that CAMVA can also be used as a method for predicting the skin irritaions.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.194-202
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• 1994

To study the metabolism and absorption of endosulfan in carp, $^{14}C-{\alpha}-endosulfan$ was treated with the $LC_{10}$ concentration $(4.5\;{\mu}g/L)$. In an in vivo test, endosulfan was metabolized $(65{\sim}80%)$ in tissues and endosulfan ether, endosulfan alcohol, endosulfan ${\alpha}-hydroxyether$, and endosulfan lactone were identified, indicating that those are the main metabolites of detoxification in carp. The maximum levels of $^{14}C-endosulfan$ in the head, muscle, and gut occurred after 8 hr exposure. However, the maxima reached in the liver and kidneys after 30 min and 4 hr, respectively. Radioactivity in the tissue decreased rapidly 8 hr after treatment. The total amount of $^{14}C-endosulfan$ recovered in the liver, kidneys and gut of fish was about $80{\sim}90%$ during the 8 hr treatment. The non-extractable radioactivity increased after 8 hr exposure $(27{\sim}31%)$. Endosulfan sulfate, the main degradation product in plant and mouse, was not detected during the test interval from tissues of the carp.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

The antifungal activity of the essential oil fraction from Thymus magus, and its major component thymol, against Candida albicans was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The combined effects of the oils and clotrimazole, a commonly used antifungal drug for treatment of external candidiasis, were evaluated in this study. In experimental vaginal candidiasis the essential oil fraction of T. magnus resulted in relatively milder inhibition of fungal growth following the inoculation of test mice compared to clotrimazole. However, new fungal growth was not detected up to 12 days after cessation of treatment. In contrast, in a similar experiment using clotrimazole, C. albicans was detected in the $12^{th}$ day post-treatment with the sample. This result indicates that T. magnus oil could be a promising drug to control vaginal candidiasis. In checkerboard titer tests, the combination of clotrimazole with the essential oil fraction of T. magus or T. quinquecostatus resulted in significant synergism, with FIC indices between 0.14 and 0.27 against C. albicans, while clotrimazole combined with thymol, the major component of these oils, produced only an additive effect, with FIC indices ranging between 0.50 and 1.00. Thus, the prominent synergistic effects of clotrimazole combined with T. magus essential oil indicate that these compounds may be an effective treatment for C. albicans infections.