• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.462-477
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand changes in domestic forest policy and social perception of forests from a macro perspective using big data analysis of news articles and editorials. A total of 13,570 'forest' related data were collected from metropolitan and economic journals from 1946-2017 using keyword and CONCOR (Convergence of iterated Correlations) analysis. First, we found the percentage of articles and editorials using the keyword 'forest'increased overall. Second, news data on 'forest' in the field of reporting was concentrated in the "social" sector during the first period (1946-1966), followed by forest-related issues expanding to various fields from the second (1967-1972) to fifth (1988-1997) periods, then toward the "culture" sector in the sixth (1998-2007) and "politics" after the seventh (2008-2017) period. Third, we found changes in the policy paradigm over time significantly changed social awareness. In the first and second periods, people experienced livelihood issues rather than forest greening or forest protection policy and expanded their awareness of planned and scientific afforestation (third) to environmental protection (fourth) and ecological perspectives (sixth to seventh). The key outcome of our analysis was leveraging news big data that reflected polices on forests and public social perception To further derive future social issues,more in-depth analysis of public discourse and perception will be possible using textual big data and GDP of various social network services (SNS), such as combining blogs and YouTube.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.35-54
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• 2021

This study examines the characteristics of CBS's Kim Hyun-Jung's News Show(hearafter News Show) and the change to transmedia. The distinguishing characteristics of News Show compared to radio-based current affairs programs are as follows. First, despite its time limit, it adopts the form of investigative reports or investigative documentaries to uncover the truth of the events through 'Detective Son Su-Ho', etc. Second, News show's interviews have avoided biased stance in the reporting of minority issues by interviewing the affected parties anonymously including people involved in incidents and accidents, bereaved families, and other victims. News Show has been producing a transmedia content called 'That Honey Show' (a show that reads comments as fun as honey) since November 2018. 'That Honey Show' is broadcast in real time on YouTube right after the News Show radio broadcast ends. As a form of spin-off content, 'That Honey Show' breaks down the boundaries among staff, MCs, and guests, as well as shifting roles by using 'vice characters'. The female host, Kim conducts interviews with the main characters related to various issues and extends the fixed identity of current affairs shows to the everyday politics and cultural realms. Thus she draws active participation and responses audience. This paper analyzes two representative broadcast cases of 'That Honey Show'-first, the case of resistance and activity of the BTS fandom ARMY in the US presidential election, and, second, the case of reporting on the Nth room incident. This analysis considers the critical participation of digital citizens and the effect of fostering a sense of community in the current affairs show in the transmedia era.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the weight control behavior depending on university students' motives of using social media. Methods: The participants were 447 university students in the Jeonbuk area. Collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, analysis of variance, and χ² tests with SPSS v. 26.0. Considering the motives of using social media, we investigated the usage of social media, dietary behavior related to social media, and weight control behavior. Results: Using the K-clustering method, the motives to use social media were categorized into three clusters: cluster 1 was the interest-centered group, cluster 2 was the multipurpose information-seeking group, and cluster 3 was the relationship-centered group. Among the various social media sites, YouTube (86.8%), Instagram (76.1%), and Facebook (61.1%) were the most visited by the subjects. The dietary behavior related to social media in cluster 2 was significantly higher than clusters 1 and 3 (p < 0.001). Clusters 1 and 2 showed a significantly higher dissatisfaction with one's weight (p < 0.05) and consequent interest in weight control than cluster 3 (p < 0.001). Cluster 2 used weight control-related information from social media significantly more than other clusters (p < 0.05). Weight control experiences in cluster 1 and 2 were significantly higher than in cluster 3 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Differences in dietary behavior related to social media and weight control behavior were observed between cluster types of motivation to use social media. Based on the usage motives of university students and their behaviors, we propose that educational programs should be conducted for weight control using social media.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-412
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• 2023

Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg is a biennial plant that usually flowers and dies after seed setting at 2^nd year. We inspected the flowering and fertilization characteristics to establish the breeding system. The plant forms complex umbel inflorescences consisting of multiple umbellets and numerous flowers. Each flower is bisexual but allogamous because of protandry. A flower bloomed for three days with matured pollen and no stigma appearance. Inspection of pollen tube growth indicates that the pollen viability can be maintained for up to 3~7 days after first flowering (DAF). In a umbellet, flowers bloomed during 1~5 DAF and the pollen maintained viability during 3~10 DAF, and the pistil developed and maintained fertility during 8~12 DAF. Theoretically, self-pollination can be possible during 8~10 DAF in the same umbellet. Approximately 4.4% of seeds were developed by self-pollination among flowers in an enveloping solitary umbel. There is at least a 9~10 days difference for the development of an umbel with another umbel at the next branch, which indicates pollination can be permitted between different branches in an individual plant. Finally, we have established a rapid breeding method to shorten the breeding cycle to one year from two years by integrating the flowering and pollination characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.371-381
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• 2021

Purpose To evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of bronchial occluders in the treatment of postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF). Materials and Methods The subjects of the study were six out of seven postoperative BPF patients who underwent surgery due to tuberculosis or lung cancer between 2009 and 2019. Each patient had a bronchial occluder inserted to treat BPF that occurred after surgery. Of the six patients, five had lung cancers and one had tuberculosis. Five were male and one was female; their ages ranged from 59 to 74 years, with an average of 69 years. The diagnosis of BPF was based on findings from bronchoscopy and CT, and treatment was initiated approximately 1 to 2 weeks after diagnosis. The technical and clinical success of the bronchial occluders in the treatment of BPF was evaluated. The study assessed the postoperative clinical effects of the occluders, survival duration, and additional treatments. Results All six patients were successfully treated. Clinical success was achieved in five patients, while partial clinical success was achieved in one; there was no clinical failure. No complications during the migration of the device or device perforations were observed. Two patients were diagnosed with BPF by CT, while four were diagnosed by bronchoscopy. Lobectomy, bilobectomy, and pneumonectomy were performed on two patients each. The periods between surgery and diagnosis ranged from 1 to 34 months; the average was 10 months. Four patients (59-103 days; an average of 80.5 days) died and two (313 days, 3331 days) survived. The causes of death were aggravation of the underlying disease (n = 2), pulmonary edema and pleural effusion (n = 1), and pneumonia (n = 1). Additional catheter drainage was performed in one patient, and a chest tube was maintained in two patients. Conclusion Bronchial occluders are useful and effective in the treatment of BPF after pulmonary resection.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1991

An acid tolerant R. meliloti "YA03" which was characterized through both acidified tube and pot soil experiment, was examined on its inoculation effect to alfalfa[Medicago sativa (L.)]cv. Vernal on hilly acid soil. It was conducted for 2 years to evaluate inoculation residual effect and there were two-fertilizer factors of nitrogen(0.8kg/10a) and lime(0,162kg/10a)as urea and $Ca(OH)_2$, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. In the 1st-year experiment, YA03 inoculated without nitrogen and lime application showed higher symbiotic effectiveness than check strains, YA026 and Rm2011 in nodule mass, $N_2$-fixing activity, and dry matter yield, but with N 8kg/10a application lower effectiveness than Rm2011. 2. In the 2nd-year experiment, Alfalfa dry matter yield by YA03 inoculation with N application(without lime) was 74% higher than that(276 kg/10a) in the 1st year, and the value showed 166%, 20%, and 21% increments as compared with noninoculated control(180kg/10a). YA026(399kg/10a), and Rm2011(397kg/10a), respectively. 3. In the 2nd-year experiment of N applicated plote(without lime), especially, YA03 showed higher shoot nitrogen(7.7kg N/10a/Yr.) fixed and soil rhizobial population($1{\times}10^4\;cells/g.\;soil$) than check strains. 4. On the basis of lime application, application effect of three major fertilizers with YA03 inoculation on alfalfa yield and soil rhizobial population was in the order of $N+P_2O_5+K_2O>P_2O_5+K_2O>P_2O_5+K_2O$. 5. On the whole, alfalfa yield by acid tolerant R. meliloti YA03 inoculation on hilly acid soil was enhanced with nitrogen application, and besides it appeared 44% higher with lime than without lime.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 1996

Prevention of thromboembolism is the most important task in the development of bioconpatible small caliber artificial vascular graft. In normal vessels, vascular endothelial cells maintain homeosatsis by secreting numerous factors. The aim of this study is to develope a method which Improves biocompatibility of small caliver polyurethane graft using endothelial cell culture technique, and ev luate the efTectiveness of extracelluar matrix for endothelization which was produced by cultured fibroblast. Methods ; Multiporous polyurethane tube of 3 mm diameter, 0.3 mm thickness was manufactured for vascular graft. Three mongrel dogs were intubated and internal jugular veins removed. Extracelluar matrix produced by cultured flbrobast which was obtained from dog's internal jugular vein were coated to the polyurethane graft. Then, endothelial cells extracted from Jugular vein were cultured and fixed on the extracelluar matrix layer of vascular graft. Endothelial cell coated vascular grafts were implanted to the carotid arteries of experimental dogs as interposed autograft. Implanted grafts were removed after 3 and 6 weeks. As a control, PTFE graft was interposed on carotid artery. These experiments demonstrated that extracelluar matrix produced by fibroblast can afford a base for endothelial cell linings of polyurethane graft. Although thrombosis were developed on autografted en othelial cell coated graft, 33% opening was noticed, and showed less adhesion to adjacent tissue layer. These findings suggest that fiboblast produced extracelluar matrix which can be used for edothelial cell lining vascular graft, and by improving the cultured endothelial cell function, there will be a new modality for reducing thrombosis on small vascular graft.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.293-302
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to establish a good methodology to isolate single smooth muscle cells that are alive and respond properly to pharmacological agents. Canine urinary bladders were employed as the source of single cells, and acetylcholine, atropine and imipramine were used as indicators of pharmacological responsiveness. Imipramine, an antidepressant drug exhibited the anticholinergic and calcium antagonizing properties on rat detrusor muscle. To establish a control value for a further experiment to elucidate the mechanism of action of imipramine on detrusor muscle, we measured the concentration-response of single cells to acetylcholine in the presesnce of imipramine by length of the cells and compared the result with the response in the presence of atropine. Tiny chops of smooth muscle taken from anesthetized canine urinary bladder were incubated in collagenase solution at $36^{\circ}C$ for 17-20 minutes. The collagenase solution included collagenase 1.2 mg/ml, soybean tryspin inhibitor 0.08 mg/ml, bovine serum albumin 2% in 10 ml Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution aerated with a consistent breeze of 95/5% $O_2/CO_2$, to maintain the pH at 7.4. After washing with plain K-H solution on 450 mesh, cells were dissociated from the digested tissue for 12-15 minutes. Cell suspension was transfered in 5 ml test tubes and acetylcholine was added for the final concentration to be $10^{-14}M{\sim}10^{-9}M$. To find the optimal time to fix the cells to determine the contractile responses, 1% acrolein was added 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 seconds after the administration of ACh. The length of cells fixed by acrolein were measured by microscaler via CCTV camera on phaes-contrast microscope. The average length of 50 cells from a slide glass was taken as the value of a sample at the very concentration point. Single cells were isolated from canine detrusor. The length of untreated cells varied from 82 ${\mu}m$ to 94 ${\mu}m$. The maximal response to actylcholine $10^{-9}M$ was accomplished within 5 seconds of exposure, and the shortening was $19{\pm}3$%. Atropine reduced the contraction of the cells concentration-dependently. Imipramine which exerts a cholinergic blocking action on some smooth muscles also reduced the contraction concentration-dependently and by a similar pattern as atropine. These findings document that imipramine may exerts a cholinergic blocking activity in the single smooth muscle cells isolated from canine urinary bladder.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.704-710
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• 2012

The lower portion of sloping paddy fields normally contains excessive moisture and the higher water table caused by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field resulting in non-uniform water content distribution. Four drainage methods namely Open Ditch, Vinyl Barrier, Pipe Drainage and Tube Bundle for multiple land use were installed within 1-m position from the lower edge of the upper embankment of sloping alluvial paddy fields. This study was conducted to evaluate soil physical characteristics by drainage improvement in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The results showed that subsurface drainage by Pipe Drainage improves the productivity of poorly drained soils by lowering the water table and improving root zone soil layer condition. In an Pipe drainage plot, soil moisture drained faster as compared to the other drainage methods. Infiltration rate showed high tendency to Piper Drainage method about $20.87mm\;hr^{-1}$ than in Open Ditch method $0.15mm\;hr^{-1}$. And Similarly soil water and degree of hardness and shear strength phase of soil profile showed a tendency to decrease. From the above results, we found that when an subsurface drainage was established with at 1m position from the lower edge paddy levee of the upper field in sloping poorly drained paddy fields Pipe Drainage was the most effective drainage system for multiple land use.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-28
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• 2012

Purpose : It is important to reduce radiation dose associated with computed tomography (CT) scanning to as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). With Dose Modulation Technic, user select a desired image quality and the system adapts tube current to obtain the desired image quality with greater radiation dose efficiency. In this paper, we presents a comprehensive description of fundamentals, clinical applications and radiation dose benefits of Dose Modulation Technic depending on Body Mass Index(BMI). Materials and Methods : In this study, 149 patients were examined(The mean age : $58{\pm}12.4$ years old). Biograph True Point 40 (Siemens, USA) and Gemini TF 64 (Philips. Cleveland) were used for equipment. When we used Care Dose 4D (Siemens, USA) and D-dom (Philips, Cleveland), we measured dose reduction and Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) depending on BMI. Then we analyze data using SPSS Ver.18. Results : When we used Care Dose 4D, p-value is considered statistically significant by groups with the result that we compared Care Dose 4D with D-dom. On the other hand, p-value isn't considered statistically significant by groups using D-dom. Conclusion : Dose modulation based on the projection angle didn't affect degree of obesity. And When using Care Dose 4D, dose reduction rate in the normal patients were higher than the obese. In this study, there are errors on somato type. So I think more research have to be done. Then application of Dose Modulation technic can help in maintaining acceptable image quality while reducing radiation dose by 20-60% in most instances.