• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1125-1127
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• 2008

Recently, the tilting train has been developed to increase speed in conventional line. Due to global environmental changes, it is necessary to investigate quantitatively the environment of tilting train. This study evaluated the environmental impacts of tilting train to grasp a key issue environmentally. The related data were collected from bill of material (BOM). The system boundary of tilting train was determined by its cumulative weight. In addition, the $CO_2$ emission in the operation phase of tilting train was calculated. Based on this basic study, the environment of tilting train will be assessed exactly through the establishment of life cycle inventory database for its main components.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2015년도 제46회 하계학술대회
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• pp.665-666
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• 2015

In this paper, it is proposed to substitute the tilting operation device of hybrid multi-D.O.F system from three phase SPM to single phase torque actuator. When using tilting operation with three phase SPM which is appropriate for continuous rotary operation, there are disadvantages that electricity availability rate is low and controllability is difficult. On the other hand when using a single phase torque actuator instead of SPM, it is appropriate for sequential tilting, electricity availability rate is high, and it is easy to control. Thus this will have a great influence on the development and practical use of the system. This study designed a single phase torque actuator in consideration of the magnetic saturation. Also, this was verified with comparative analysis with SPM through FEM(finite element method) analysis values of the design model and test values of the manufactured model.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.762-766
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• 1999

The crystal structure of A2+(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3,(A2+=Sr2+ and Ca2+)ceramics was studied usig X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electrion microscopy(HRTEM). Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (SMN) has the 1:2 ordered monoclinic structure which has the anti-phase tilt of octahedra. The type of tilting in SMN was considered to be a$^{\circ}$a$^{\circ}$c- or a­a­c$^{\circ}$ Ca(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (CMN) also has the 1:2 ordered monoclinic structure which was distorted by the anti-phase tilt or in-phsae tilt of octahedra. A unit cell containing both the in-phase tilt axis and anti-phase tilt axis was not observed in the CMN. Therefore CMN has the mixed phase consisting of the 1:2 ordered monoclinic phase with anti-phase tilt of octahedra and the one with in -phase tilt of ocatahedra,. The anti-parallel shift of cation was also observed in the CMN.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.582-586
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• 1995

The crystal structures of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 (M=Ta, Nb) compounds were determined using the Rietveld method. Due to the tilting of a oxygen octahedron, (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7Nb0.3)O3 had a superlattice of doubled a, b and c of simple perovskite. The crystal structure of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 was tetragonal with a space group 14/mmm. The crystal structure of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 was a cubic with space group Pm3m, in which no tilting of oxygen octahedron was observed. The difference in the oxygen tilting of these two materials was due to the larger covalency of Nb-O bond than that of Ta-O bond, which induced a strong $\pi$Nb0 bonding in (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3. Therefore, the higher transition temperature of (Na0.3Sr0.7)(Ti0.7M0.3)O3 could be related to the larger tilting of oxygen octahedron.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.612-619
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 양방향성 지향성을 갖는 이중 대역 전기적 빔 틸팅 배열 안테나를 설계하였다. 복사소자는 이중 공진이 일어나도록 하고, PCB 기판을 이용한 평면 다이폴로 설계하였다. 각 주 빔을 틸팅하기 위하여 위상 지연기는 광대역으로 동작하여야 하므로 $50\Omega$ 마이크로스트립 선로를 이용한 위상만 변화되도록 설계하였다. 설계 안테나는 $0^{\circ}{\sim}{\pm}8^{\circ}$의 틸팅 각도를 갖는다. 안테나의 설계 규격을 검증하기 위해 배열 안테나를 제작하고 성능을 측정하였으며, 계산결과와 비교적 양호한 결과를 얻었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제42권1호`
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• pp.111-118
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• 2005

기지국 안테나의 수직 패턴 형태는 자기 셀 뿐만 아니라 인접 셀의 통신 품질에도 크게 영향을 미치므로, 셀의 설계에 있어서 매우 중요한 고려 사항이다. 현재 기지국 안테나에 적용되는 수직 패턴의 형태는 크게 5가지로 분류될 수 있다. 안테나의 설계에 있어서, 5가지의 수직 패턴은 단독으로 적용되기도 하고, 또는 복합적으로도 적용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 상측의 부엽이 억압되고, 하측의 널이 널 필링된 수직 패턴을 갖으며, 또한, 수직면 상에서 연속적인 전기적 다운 틸팅이 가능한 이중 편파의 기지국용 안테나를 설계 및 제작하였다. 성형 빔 합성은 R. S. Elliott이 제안한 패턴 합성법들을 순차적으로 사용하여 구현하였으며, 또한 전기적인 다운 틸팅 기능을 위해 위상 배열 안테나 기술이 적용되었다. 측정한 결과, 0°～14°의 연속적인 다운 틸팅 범위와 13.3dBi 이상의 이득, 그리고 최대 -23dB의 상측 부엽 성능이 나타났다. 또한, 다운 틸팅 시에도 상측 부엽의 변화가 크지 않음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 패턴의 널 필링 특성도 전반적으로 양호하다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

NACT 복합 페브로스카이트 화합물에 대한 미세조직 관찰을 X-ray diffractometer, neutron diffraction 그리고 TEM으로 관찰하였다. $0.3{\leq}x{\leq}0.9$일 때 NACT는 양이온의 1 : 1 chemical ordering 뿐만 아니라 산소팔면체의 antiphase와 inphase tilting을 보여준다. 따라서 APB와 ferroelastic domain 경계가 미세구조에 나타나 있다. X값이 0.3보다 작아지면, chemical ordering은 나타나지 않고 단지 산소팔면체의 antiphase tilting 만이 나타난다. 미세구조에는 tangled dislocation과 2차상이 또한 발견되었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2002

복합 페로브스카이트$(Na_{1/2}Pr_{1/2})TiO_3$ (NPT)의 미세구조를 X-ray diffractometry와 투과전자 현미경으로 관찰하였다. NPT는 A-site 양이온에 의한 1 : 1 chemical ordering을 갖고 있지 않으며 산소 팔면체의 antiphase tilting과 inphase tilting 그리고 A-site 양이온의 antiparallel shift가 관찰 되었다. 2차상도 관찰되었으나, 이를 확인하지 못하였다. 측정된 NPT 재료의 유전체 특성은 ${\varepsilon}_r=99.6,\;Q\;{\Large f}_o=1124\;GHz,\;{\tau}_{f}=-233.64ppm/^{\circ}C$이었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

The study was undertaken to present the quantitative materials available in underwater industries, underwater rehabilitation & physical training through comparison & analysis of effects contributing to propulsion of COG by types of fin-kick in underwater activities. For this 3D cinematography was performed for the skilled subjective and conclusions obtained on the basis of analysis of kinematic variables were as follows. In temporal variable the delay in the order of flutter>side>dolphin kick in elapsed time by total & phase resulted in longer sliding phase by larger fin kick of extension & flexion of both leg and thus more contributed in propulsion of COG. than those of the otherwise. In linear variable the contribution ratio to the result of propulsion of COG in both propulsive(mean $35.39{\pm}7.93cm$ in Y axis) and sliding phases(mean $66.36{\pm}11.01cm$ in Y axis)was shown to be order of flutter>dolphin>side fin kick. the maximum velocity of COG in Y direction was showed in both propulsive and sliding phases, and the contribution ratio to the propulsion of COG was in the order of flutter$\geq$dolphin>side fin kick. In angular variable the Significant difference in angle of leg joint by types of fin kick in both leg was showed but no routine order. The Significant difference in angular velocity of leg joint by types of fin kick in both leg was showed in the order of flutter>dolphin$\geq$side fin kick in propulsive but no in sliding phase. The Fluid resistance by tilting angle of trunk in both propulsive and sliding phase was decreased in the order of flutter>dolphin$\geq$side fin kick and tilting angle of trunk of the skilled was smaller than that of the unskilled in difference of maximum mean 7.97degree and minium mean 2.06degree. In summary of the above, It will desirable fin kick type because of more contribution to COG propulsion by the velocity & displacement in Y-axis and less fluid resistance by tilting angle of trunk and larger angular velocity in the case of more delayed in elapsed time of propulsive phase than that of the otherwise.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권10호
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• pp.1529-1534
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• 2018

We used in-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering to investigate phase transformations of octahedral tilted monoclinic $SrRuO_3$ (MSRO) and tetragonal SRO (TSRO) thin films on $SrTiO_3$ (STO) substrates. The octahedral tilted MSRO thin films were highly crystalline and the monoclinic distortion angle was $0.45^{\circ}$. The phase transition temperature from the MSRO to TSRO phase occurred at approximately $200^{\circ}C$ as a second order transition. Conversely, no phase transformations of the TSRO thin film occurred within the range from RT to $250^{\circ}C$. The octahedral $RuO_6$ rotation was strongly affected by the phase transformation in the SRO thin films.