• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2023

OVO is a digital platform that provides simple payments and smart financial services, as well as one of the largest digital payment platforms in Indonesia. It has wide coverage and security when making payments, and supports multiple settlement currencies. The purpose of this study is to explore the history, business model, and future strategic direction of OVO, an Indonesian e-wallet. To date, OVO has built its own mobile payment ecosystem covering a wide range of consumer scenarios including e-commerce, travel, offline shopping and finance. And it supports mobile banking, online banking, debit cards or selected partner merchants. Its three largest transaction categories are in the transportation, retail and e-commerce sectors. With over 110 million consumers and 1.3 million merchant users, it is one of the dominant e-wallets in Indonesian market and has become the country's e-payment market leader. OVO eWallet's 'One Card' model offers convenience and choice for users, thus contributing to the rapid growth of OVO eWallet. And OVO eWallet competes fiercely with other competitors, but OVO eWallet continues to grow in terms of the number of users and market share. Finally, this study analyzes the strategic goals and plans of OVO eWallet, predicts its future direction. OVO eWallet has a huge success, but there are still competition and challenges to face.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1189-1200
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• 2021

This study examines the role of perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, and subjective norms as determinants of behavioral intention to use the OVO application. This study's target population is the users of the OVO application who have used it as an electronic transaction. This study's population was the OVO application users as an electronic transaction tool in Jember Regency. Samples were randomly selected at the time of the survey with specific criteria. The survey location is determined at the Plaza because it is a shopping center that mostly has payments at OVO partner merchants. The model empirically tested using data gathered from 150 respondents of OVO users. The research model was tested by using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. The results showed that all constructs in the original TAM model were statistically significant. Subjective norm has a positive effect on perceived usefulness, and perceived enjoyment positively affects perceived ease of use of OVO applications. On the other hand, applications' self-efficacy does not affect the perceived ease of using OVO applications for electronic transactions. This condition shows that subjective norms are dominant external individual perspectives compared to self-efficacy, which are personal internal characteristics in determining the behavioral intention of using OVO applications in electronic transactions.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

닭의 성장과정에서 어린 병아리의 발달에 가장 결정적인 시간으로 인식되는 시점은 부화 전 수일부터 부화 후 수일간이다. 부화 전후의 충분한 영양소 공급은 배아의 최종 발달과 병아리의 초기성장에 결정적 기여를 한다고 볼 수 있다. In ovo feeding에 의한 탄수화물 또는 아미노산의 공급은 부화 전 후의 소화장기 발달에 긍정적으로 작용한다. Prebiotics과 synbiotics 등에 대한 in ovo 주입은 건강한 미생물 균총 형성 등을 제공하여 영양적, 면역적 측면에서 좋은 결과들을 볼 수 있지만, 연구 결과의 수적 제한과 in ovo 주입의 양과 주입 부위 및 주입시기 등에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다. 탄수화물을 이용한 in ovo feeding은 부화시 체중 증가를 보이지만 육계의 부화 후 능력에는 크게 영향을 보이지 않으며, 탄수화물 주입에 따른 부화율 감소는 기술적 요인(최적 농도, 주입 장소, 부피 등)이 크게 작용하는 것으로 보인다. In ovo feeding에 의한 아미노산 공급은 병아리의 세포성 면역과 체액성 면역을 높여 초기 면역 향상에 도움이 되는 것으로 판단된다. In ovo feeding은 부화 전후의 최적의 영양소 공급과 면역력 증진 및 절식에 따른 병아리의 스트레스를 완화시켜주는 실용적인 기술이 될 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.269-280
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• 2015

본 연구는 노원구 S대에 재학 중인 남자 대학생을 대상으로 lacto-ovo-vegetarian과 non-vegetarian으로 나누어 신체계측, 건강상태, 식습관 및 영양소 섭취상태를 비교하여 건강에 대한 기초 자료로 사용하고자 실시하였다. 1. Lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian의 신장은 차이가 없었지만, 체중은 non-vegetarian에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 2. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 종교적인 이유로 채식을 하고 있었으며, 영양학적으로 채식 식사의 만족도는 86.0%를 차지하였다. 3. Lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian은 건강에 대한 관심도와 영양제 복용율은 낮은 편이었으며, 운동을 하는 비율은 lacto-ovo vegetarian 64.0%와 non-vegetarian 61.4%가 한다고 답하였다. 4. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 non-vegetarian에 비해 식사를 규칙적으로 하였으며, 매일 아침식사를 하는 비율이 높았다. 또한 전체 조사대상자들은 모두 외식을 한다고 답하였으며, 외식 시 선호하는 음식으로는 한식을 선호하는 것으로 조사되었다. 5. Lacto-ovo vegetarian은 non-vegetarian에 비해 우유나 유제품(요구르트, 요플레 등)을 매일 1병 이상 마시는 점, 김치 이외의 채소를 식사할 때마다 먹는 점, 과일(1개)이나 과일주스(1잔)를 매일 먹는 점, 식사는 매일 세끼를 규칙적으로 한다는 점 및 모든 식품을 골고루 섭취하는 점에 대해 높은 경향을 보였다. 이에 비해 non-vegetarian은 달걀, 콩 및 두부 등으로 된 음식을 끼니마다 먹는 점과 튀김이나 기름에 볶는 요리를 주 2회 이상 먹는 점이 높은 경향을 보였다. 6. Lacto-ovo vegetarian의 경우, 에너지, 비타민 $B_2$, $B_6$ 및 니아신 섭취율이 낮은 반면에, 식이섬유는 충분히 섭취하고 있었다. 그러나 non-vegetarian은 식이섬유는 부족하게 섭취하였으나, 소디움, 콜레스테롤 등의 영양소는 과잉 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 건강관련사항이나 식습관에 있어서는 두 군 간에 큰 차이는 없었지만, 영양소 섭취상태에서는 lacto-ovo vegetarian과 non-vegetarian에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보였다. Lacto-ovo vegetarian의 경우에는 육류나 생선 섭취를 하지 않는 것을 고려하여 열량을 비롯한 다른 영양소의 섭취를 충분히 할 수 있도록 신중한 식사계획이 필요하며, 식품교환표를 이용한 대체식품의 이용률을 증가시켜야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 non-vegetarian의 경우는 지속적인 영양소의 과잉 섭취로 인한 건강상의 문제점이 발생되지 않도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 1985

The purpose of this study is to discribe the nutritional status between female collegians on normal diet and lacto-ovo-vegetarian in the child bearing age. Physical examination, hematological parameters(hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, serum albumin)and nutrient intake by dietary survey were carried out on each subject. Serum zinc, iron and copper concentrations were also determined. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Students on normal diet had higher values than lacto-ovo-vegetarian students in the height, weight, and skinfold thickness. 2) Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum albumin values of the two groups showed no difference. But students on normal diet were higher in the serum irom and copper values than lacto-ovo-vegetarian students. 3) Serum zinc values differed significantly between the vegetarians and non vegetarians (Vegetarians') > non vegetarians') 4) On the nutrient intake of two groups, students on normal diet were higher than lacto-ovo-vegetarian students in the protein but students on normal diet were lower than lacto-ovo-vegetarian students in iron, vitamin A, $vitamin\;B_{2}$, vitamin C and crude fiber. 5) Intakes of calories and protein in the two groups were lower than RDA but Ca, vitamin A, $vitamin\;B_{1}$, $vitamin\;B_{2}$ niacin and vitamin C intakes of the two groups was higher than RDA. 6) Amounts of iron absorbed showed no difference in the two groups. But iron absorption rate was higher in students on normal diet than lacto-ovo-vegetarian students.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.524-531
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted to standardize in ovo injection of amino acids (AA) and to evaluate the effect of in ovo injection of limiting AA(s) on pre and post hatch growth performance, immune response and development of digestive organs. Combinations of essential and non-essential amino acids (Lys+Arg, Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser, Ile+Leu+Val and Gly+Pro) were injected into 50 eggs in each treatment group at 14 d of embryonic age. Standardization of injection site, needle length and embryonic age revealed that when AA were injected in to the broad end of the egg with a 11 mm needle and at the narrow end with a 24 mm needle both at the 7$^{th}$ and 14$^{th}$ d of incubation there was poor hatchability. However, better hatchability was recorded when the AA were injected in the narrow end of the egg with a 11 mm needle and in the broad end with a 24 mm needle on the 14$^{th}$ d of incubation. The chick to egg weight ratio was higher (p<0.018) when AA were injected on the 14$^{th}$ d of incubation. When a combination of amino acids were injected a 63.6 or 63.2 g difference in body weight of bird at 21 d was recorded between uninjected control and Ile+Leu+Val or Gly+Pro group, respectively. Higher feed intake (p<0.047) was recorded in the AA injected groups and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was numerically better in Gly+Pro, Lys+Met+Cys AA injected groups than in the uninjected control. Significantly higher immune response to cell mediated (p<0.033) and humoral (p<0.002) immunity was observed in in ovo amino acid injected birds, especially in Lys+Met+Cys, Thr+Gly+Ser or Ile+leu+Val groups. The digestive organ weights at 21 d did not differ between specific AA injected groups and the uninjected control. In ovo injected amino acids may act as immunomodulators and their role in gastrointestinal development needs further research.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.842-848
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• 2019

Objective: Heat stress poses an increasing threat for poultry production. Some amino acids have been found to play critical roles in affording thermotolerance. Recently, it was found that in ovo administration of L-leucine (L-Leu) altered amino acid metabolism and afforded thermotolerance in heat-exposed broiler chicks. Methods: In this study, two doses (35 and $70{\mu}mol/egg$) of L-Leu were administered in ovo on embryonic day 7 to determine their effect on rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and thyroid hormones at hatching. Changes in RT, BW, and thermotolerance in post-hatched chicks were also analyzed. Results: It was found that in ovo administration of L-Leu dose-dependently reduced RT and plasma thyroxine ($T_4$) level just after hatching. In post-hatched neonatal broiler chicks, however, the higher dose of L-Leu administered in ovo significantly increased RT without affecting BW gain. In chicks that had been exposed to heat stress, the RT was significantly lowered by in ovo administration of L-Leu (high dose) in comparison with the control chicks under the same high ambient temperature (HT: $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 120 min). Conclusion: In ovo administration of L-Leu in a high dose contributed to an increased daily body temperature and afforded thermotolerance under HT in neonatal broiler chicks.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2015

Transgenic animals have been widely used for developmental biology studies, as disease models, and even in industry such as transgenic bioreactor animals. For transgenic birds, quail has the great advantages of small body size, short generation time, and frequent egg production. To date, retroviral or lentiviral transduction has been used to generate transgenic quail for various purposes. However, the efficiency of transgenic offspring production with these methods is relatively low and viral vector usage has safety issues. Unfortunately, non-viral transgenesis has not been established in quail due to a deficiency of stem cell and germ cell culture systems. In this study, we established a direct in ovo lipofection method that could be used to create transgenic quail without germline-competent cells or viruses. To optimize the injection stage during embryo development, the liposome complex (containing piggyBacCMV-GFP and transposase plasmids) was introduced into an embryonic blood vessel at 50 hr, 55 hr or 60 hr. GFP expression was detected in various tissues (heart, kidney, liver and stomach) on day 12 of incubation under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, GFP-positive cells were detected in the recipient embryonic gonads. In conclusion, the direct in ovo lipofection method with the piggyBac transposon could be an efficient and useful tool for generating transgenic quail.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.284-294
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• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of in ovo feeding of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and embryonic thermal manipulation (ETM) on growth performance, organ indices, plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic antioxidant levels, and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in broilers. Methods: Two hundred and fifty eggs were assigned to one of four treatments: control eggs incubated under standard conditions (CON); eggs that received an in ovo injection of 10% GABA on day 17.5 of incubation (G10); thermally manipulated eggs between days 10 and 18 of incubation at 39.6°C for 6 h daily (TM); and eggs that received both treatments during incubation (G10+TM). After 28 days of rearing, five birds per treatment were selected for blood and organ sampling. Results: No differences were found in hatchability or growth parameters among different treatment groups. Hepatic gene expression of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) was upregulated (p = 0.046 and p = 0.006, respectively) in the G10+TM group, while that of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was upregulated (p = 0.039) in the G10 group. In addition, the relative gene expression of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) was significantly lower (p = 0.007) in all treatment groups than that in the CON group. Hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) levels and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of last week showed a positive correlation (r = 0.50, p = 0.038). In contrast, the relative gene expression of the extracellular fatty acid-binding protein (EXFAB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were positively correlated (r = 0.48, p = 0.042 and r = 0.50, p = 0.031) with the overall ADFI of birds. Conclusion: Taken together, the results of this study suggest that the combination of in ovo feeding of GABA and ETM can enhance hepatic antioxidant function in broilers.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.474-482
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• 2007

Korea used to be a country where individuals ate diets high in vegetables and rice, but in recent years, it has become a country where western-style diets are increasingly popular. Consequently, the age for chronicle disease, including obesity and diabetes, has become lower. The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary habits of kindergarten children between lacto-ovo vegetarian and non-vegetarian families. The data were collected from the children(n=300) at Sahmyook University Kindergarten. The results showed that non-vegetarians had higher intakes of cookies, cakes, processed foods, ice cream, and fast foods, while vegetarian children consumed high amounts of vegetables, fruits, and kimchi. The non-vegetarian children tended to have irregular meals, and ate high-fat meats such as kalbi and samgyupsal. However, the results show it is important that many children among both vegetarian and non-vegetarian families should be encouraged to have appropriate essential nutrients, because a high percentage of children in both groups appeared to have low intakes of energy, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, calcium, zinc, iron, etc.