• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.565-573
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• 2013

This study focused on the cultural differences between South Korea and the U.S. in terms of male consumers' sex role attitude and its influence on grooming and apparel shopping behavior. Purposive samples of American and South Korean males aged between 20 and 40 years were surveyed. The sample sizes were 219 and 233 for American and South Korean consumers, respectively. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and ANOVA using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 14.0. The results indicated that only grooming was influenced by the perceived femininity in the case of South Korean men; however, the model for American men indicated a significant positive influence of femininity on grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. In other words, American male consumers who perceive themselves feminine were more likely to be engaged in grooming and recreational apparel shopping behavior. On the other hand, for South Korean men, recreational apparel shopping behavior was not influenced by their sex role attitude, or whether they considered themselves feminine or masculine. This means that recreational apparel shopping behavior is a gender-specific behavior in the U.S., but not in South Korea. The findings of this study indicated that culture has influence on consumers' approach to shopping and appearance. South Korean male consumers were more likely to acknowledge themselves as being feminine, enjoy apparel shopping and grooming compared to American male consumers.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.612-614
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• 1997

Silicon based micro mirror array is a highly efficient component for use in optical applications such as adaptive optical systems and optical correlators. A micro mirror array designed, fabricated and tested here is consisted of $5{\times}5$ single layer polysilicon, electrostatically driven actuators. In this paper, deflection characteristics and pull-in behavior of the actuators for analog control was studied and particularly, the influence of the residual stress in flexure beams for the restorative force of actuators was considered. The springs are modeled as a residual stress-free spring and a spring with residual stress. In calculation, a mirror with the residual stress-free springs has 30.3N/m spring constant and 31.1V pull-in voltage. On the other hand, a mirror with the stressed springs has 23.6N/m and 27.4V respectively. The experimental result, which is 20.5N/m and 25.5V, shows that the stressed springs ore well modeled.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.826-840
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• 1996

With rapid changes in social and marketing environments, catalog retailing emerges as a new method of selling clothes in Korea. In catalog shopping, in-store and multi·store search behavior are omitted saving consumers time and effort. On the other hand, consumers may lose recreational enjoyment of shopping when they purchase clothes through catalog. In this study, consumers perception of shopping cost and recreational shopping orientation were tested as consumer characteristic intervening catalog shopping behavior. The concept of shopping cost was derived from Darian(1987)'s analysis of cost and benefit of store shopping and in-home shopping. A national sample of 700 adult women was surveyed and 477 questionnaires were returned and used for statistical analysis. Nine shopping cost perception variables were found to have significant positive relationships with the purchase intention of apparel through catalog. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, two factors of shopping cost were found; perception of lack of shopping time and perception of store search effort. Causal modeling of LISREL analysis showed that percetion of lack of shopping time was strongly related with patronizing intention of catalog shopping. Since catalog shopping exclude enjoyment of store shopping activity, it can be logically inferred that recreational store shoppers have less chance of being catalog shoppers. However, the result of LISREL analysis showed that there were no negative relationship between recreational shopping orientation and catalog shopping intention. This suggests that consumers might experience enjoyment of shopping through catalog when properly presented.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.929-938
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effect of quality of services provided to the students' in relation to their satisfaction and loyalty. Respondents in this study were seventh semester students of Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah, the total number of students was 312. Data analysis techniques in this study used was SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) using the SmartPLS program. The results showed that students' satisfaction significantly mediated the correlation between academics and students' loyalty, between non-academic and students' loyalty, between reputation and students' loyalty, and between campus access and students' loyalty; on the other hand, students' satisfaction was not significant in mediating the correlation between program issues and students' loyalty. The findings suggest that it is necessary to improve the quality of lecturers to improve students' academic abilities and communication skills. As far as non-academic aspects are concerned, conducting training and development efforts and increasing awareness programs for administrative staff is important. For the reputation aspect, to carry out several marketing campaigns which predict to have an effect upon students in building positive perceptions of campus has to be executed as well. Meanwhile for access aspect, it should be made certain that every student can have direct access to staff employees, and it is necessary to improve dimensions which can increase students' satisfaction so that students are convinced of their choice of campus and then they are likely to recommend their chosen university and spread positive things about their institutions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2017

Performance analysis has been carried out on a high side scroll compressor that had a fixed scroll equipped with a circular oil groove on its thrust surface. Oil was supplied to the oil groove through an intermittent opening from a high pressure oil reservoir formed inside the orbiting scroll hub. Oil in the groove was then delivered to both suction and back pressure chambers by pressure differentials and viscous pumping action of the orbiting scroll base plate. Mathematical modeling of this oil groove system was incorporated into a main compressor performance simulation program for an optimum oil groove design. The study findings were as follows. Pressure in the oil groove can be controlled by changing its configuration and the oil passage area. With an enlarged oil passage, the pressure in the oil groove heightens due to an increased flow rate, but the pressure elevation in the back pressure chamber is small, resulting in reduced friction loss at the thrust surface between the two scrolls. On the other hand, by increasing the oil passage area, the oil content in the refrigerant flow increases. Considering all these factors, the energy efficiency ratio could be improved by about 3.6% under the ARI condition by an optimal oil groove design.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.727-736
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• 2016

Numerical simulations of n-heptane spray characteristics in a constant volume combustion chamber under diesel engine like conditions with increasing ambient gas density ($14.8-142kg/m^3$) and ambient temperature (800-1000 K) respectively were performed to understand the non-vaporizing and vaporizing spray behavior. The effect of fuel temperature (ranging 273-313 K) on spray characteristics was also simulated. In this simulation, spray modeling was implemented into ANSYS FORTE where the initial spray conditions at the nozzle exit and droplet breakups were determined through nozzle flow model and Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model. Simulation results were compared with experimentally obtained spray tip penetration result to examine the accuracy. In case of non-vaporizing condition, simulation results show that with an increment of the magnitude of ambient gas density and pressure, the vapor penetration length, liquid penetration length and droplet mass decreases. On the other hand vapor penetration, liquid penetration and droplet mass increases with the increase of ambient temperature at the vaporizing condition. In case of lower injection pressure, vapor tip penetration and droplet mass are increased with a reduction in fuel temperature under the low ambient temperature and pressure.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.281-307
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• 2020

A variety of approaches are being applied to improve the existing ex-ante evaluation by expert panels in publicly funded R&D. While the objective evaluation criteria are constantly being improved to screen and select the superior projects, alternative approaches such as random prioritization and logical modeling are also underway to overcome the conservative bias of reviewers and to secure disruptive innovation. This study intends to find critical implications for ex-ante evaluation of public R&D system from the comparison of Indonesia and Korea. For the comparative analysis, literature review and expert in-depth interviews are conducted on the national R&D system and the selection evaluation process. In Korea, the selection criteria of projects are legally promulgated for establishing an objective evaluation system, and at the program level, the major considerations in the planning process are specified by Presidential Decree. On the other hand, while Indonesia conducts R&D in 47 strategic fields largely by public research institutes (PRI) based on the non-competitive government contributions. This study draws out implications of institutionalizing the planning process at the level of program, and of increasing the ratio of contract-based competitive funding at the level of project in the national R&D portfolio.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2024

Purpose: Trade in small and medium businesses must improve innovation performance before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirement for rapid innovation is being able to compete and survive post-pandemic. This research attempts to investigate the influence of organizational forgetting, knowledge management, and business agility in distributing innovation performance improvementsto SMEs in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia. Research design, data and methodology: In this research, a structural equation modeling approach with SmartPLS was applied. This research used 221 Tasikmalaya SMEs as samples. The findings of this study show that SMEs are still underrepresented in technological advancement. Results: Organizational forgetfulness does not have a significant impact on innovation performance, nor does it have an indirect impact through knowledge management. Business agility, on the other hand, has a significant indirect effect on innovation performance. Knowledge management does not have a significant and direct impact on innovation performance, but business agility has a significant impact. Conclusions: Efforts to enhance SMEs' trade must be willing to challenge the status quo or abandon knowledge that is no longer relevant to current developments to improve business agility and innovation. Technology-oriented SMEs can quickly become agile by implementing organizational forgetting. SME owners must be willing to adapt to technological advances to adopt organizational forgetfulness.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2010

This study was intended to identify, among various characteristics of tunnel, the relationship between the design factors comprising the driver's psychological stability, easiness and the sensitivity and then to suggest the mechanism for evaluating the tunnel view, and to that end, the study attempted to evaluate the relations between the physical elements comprising the tunnel shape and the variation of driver's emotional recognition, thereby proposing the measures to create the scenic environment. As a result of LISREL modeling to identify the characteristics of emotional recognition to tunnel view, the elements affecting tunnel view appeared to be emotional image created by the combination of elements comprising the tunnel view. Such emotional image can be explained by design elements and individual characteristics, and the effect of design element appeared to be greater than individual characteristics. The relations between individual characteristics and design element appeared to be positive (+) and the relations between the "safety" and "variability" was significant. And the "safety" have had greater effect on view recognition than "variability", indicating that the drivers tend to give more importance to "safety", but also require the "variability"on the other hand.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.10-19
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• 2016

Recently, according to a public order with BIM regulations, various technologies of facility management (FM) have been studied to use BIM data effectively. The technology for BIM-based FM, such as BIM data standard, BIM modeling, BIM server, and BIM-GIS platform, reverse engineering based on 3D image scans is developing constantly. On the other hand, there has been little research on the range of FM based on BIM, the role of actors by management works, the difference, and difference in effects between original FM and BIM-based FM. This study examined the scenario of architectural FM based on BIM and confirmed the effect. For this, after analyzing the research trends, the range of FM applications and the role of actors by management works were defined, and the effectiveness analysis of a BIM-based architectural FM scenario was deduced.