• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내에서 헤일리지의 생산 및 이용 확대를 위해 수분함량에 따른 헤일리지의 사료가치 및 발효품질의 변화를 구명하고 양질의 헤일리지 생산 확대를 위한 기초 자료를 확보하기위하여 2011년 9월부터 2012년 12월까지 충남 천안시 소재 국립축산과학원 초지사료과 시험포장에서 수행되었다. 수분함량이 다양한 헤일리지의 조제를 위해 이탈리안 라이그라스의 '코윈어리' 품종을 이용하여 수분함량 60~30%까지 5% 차이로 총 7처리로 헤일리지를 조제하였다. 수분함량이 다른 이탈리안 라이그라스 헤일리지의 사료가치는 수분함량에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 수분함량에 따른 발효품질의 변화는 수분함량의 차이에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였으며 상대적으로 수분함량이 높은 조건(>40%)에서 발효품질이 우수하였으며 수분 함량이 낮은 조건에서는 발효품질도 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 수분함량별 헤일리지의 유기산 구성비율은 수분함량이 상대적으로 높은 조건(>40%)에서 젖산비율이 높게 나타났으며 수분함량이 낮은 조건(<40%)에서는 젖산비율이 감소하고 초산과 낙산비율이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 안정적인 헤일리지 생산을 위해 발효 품질을 고려해보면 수분함량이 40%가 헤일리지 조제의 한계점으로 사료되며 추후 헤일리지의 장기 저장성 검토 및 저 수분 조건에서 발효품질 개선을 위한 추가적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 유도비만 쥐에서 발효 서목태의 항산화 효과를 연구하기 위하여 체중 175 g의 SD계 암컷 흰쥐 24마리를 대상으로 정상 군, 고지방식이 군, 발효 서목태 엑기스 급여 군, 발효 서목태 음료 급여 군으로 분류하여 54일간 사육하였다. in vitro 항산화 활성에서는 발효 서목태 엑기스가 높은 활성 및 함량을 나타냈다. in vivo 항산화 활성에서는 발효 서목태 섭취 군이 고지방식이 대조 군에 비해 CAT, SOD 활성은 높은 활성을 보였으며, MDA량은 감소 현상을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 발효 서목태가 항산화 효소의 증가로 활성산소의 제거능을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라, 생체 내 대사과정에서 생성된 과산화물로부터 생체 조직을 보호하여 손상된 간조직의 기능을 회복시킨 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2003

Alcohol consumption has numerous health consequences for the human body. For example, heavy drinking on a daily basis causes liver diseases, and certain products such as acetaldehyde produced from alcohol metabolism are more toxic than alcohol itself. Accordingly, the current study evaluated the role of Lactobacillus fermentum MG590 to enhance the removal of the toxic effect of alcohol in alcohol metabolism. The maximum activities of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) by L. fermentum MG590 were observed after 6 h of culture. The production of ADH and ALDH by L. fermentum MG590 was also confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Six hours after the addition of alcohol to a culture broth of L. fermentum MG590, the alcohol concentration decreased from 7.5 to 2.7％. From an in vitro evaluation based on hepatocytes, the viability of hepatocytes in a medium containing alcohol and the cytosol of L. fermentum MG590 was higher than that in a medium containing only alcohol. From an in vivo test using SD rats fed a 22％ alcoholic drink, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in the rats fed a medium containing L. fermentum MG590 were lower than those in the rats fed a medium containing only the alcohol drink. These results demonstrate that the ADH and ALDH produced by L. fermentum MG590 play an important role in detoxicating alcohol in vivo. Therefore, a fermentation broth of L. fermentum MG590 could be used as an effective alcohol detoxification drink.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2023

Corn silage is extensively utilized in ruminant feeding on a global scale, with substantial research efforts directed towards enhancing its nutritional worth and managing moisture content. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of normal cutting height and elevated cutting height on whole-crop corn silage. Corn was harvested at heights of 15 cm and 45 cm above the ground, respectively, 45 days after heading. The harvested corn was cut into 2-3 cm lengths and packed into 20-liter plastic silos in triplicate. The results showed that dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of C45 were significantly higher than those of the control, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly lower in C45 (p<0.05). The C15 had higher yields than C45 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield of whole-crop corn silage. The increase in cutting height resulted in a larger change in moisture content and NDF per centimeter. After 60 days-ensiling, C45 showed significantly lower NH₃-N concentrations. Moreover, C45 had significantly higher lactic acid concentration, lactic acid/acetic acid ratio, and lactic acid bacteria count compared to the control. Mold was not detected and the yeast count was less than 2 log10 cfu/g fresh matter in both control and C45. In summary, C45 improved the feeding value and fermentation quality of whole-crop corn silage at the expense of forage productivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1339-1346
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• 2013

Conventional chemotherapeutic regimens often accompany severe side effects and fail to induce complete regression of chemoresistant or relapsing metastatic cancers. The need for establishing more efficacious anticancer strategies led to the development of a combined modality treatment of chemotherapy in conjunction with immunotherapy or radiotherapy. It has been reported that poly-gamma-glutamate (${\gamma}$-PGA), a natural polymer composed of glutamic acids, increases antitumor activity by activating antigen-presenting cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we investigated the antitumor effect of ${\gamma}$-PGA in combination with cyclophosphamide in a murine melanoma model. Whereas cyclophosphamide alone directly triggered apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro, ${\gamma}$-PGA did not show cytotoxicity in tumor cells. Instead, it activated macrophages, as reflected by the upregulation of surface activation markers and the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. When the antitumor effects were examined in a mouse model, combined treatment with cyclophosphamide and ${\gamma}$-PGA markedly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis. Notably, ${\gamma}$-PGA treatment dramatically increased the NK cell population in lung tissues, coinciding with decreased metastasis and increased survival. These data collectively suggest that ${\gamma}$-PGA can act as an immunotherapeutic agent that exhibits a synergistic antitumor effect in combination with conventional chemotherapy.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2011

The antioxidant activities of fermented red ginseng (FRG) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid in FRG extracts were $17.01{\pm}2.00$ ${\mu}g/mg$ and $18.42{\pm}3.97$ ${\mu}g/mg$, respectively. These extracts were capable of directly scavenging ${\alpha}$, ${\alpha}$-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. The antioxidative effects of the FRG extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were also investigated. The activities of plasma alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase were significantly decreased by extract administration as compared to an STZ control group. Hepatic glutathione content depleted by STZ treatment was significantly increased by treatment of the FRG extracts, but the elevation of lipid peroxide content induced by STZ was significantly decreased by the extracts. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase decreased after STZ-treatment were recovered by the treatment of the FRG extracts. These results indicate that FRG extracts have antioxidative effets in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2006

본 시험은 젖산균 첨가제가 목초 라운드베일 랩핑 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2년간 수행되었다. 시험구 배치는 난괴법 3반복으로 무처리, 첨가제 A, B, C로 하여 총 4처리를 두었다. 조지방, 조단백질, in vitro 건물 소화율은 첨가제를 처리한 구에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 첨가제 처리는 사일리지의 pH를 유의적으로 낮추었다(p<0.05). 건물 함량은 첨가제 처리구가 높았으며 첨가제 처리로 유기산 함량은 유의적인 차이를 보여주었다(p<0.05). 젖산 함량은 첨가제 처리로 증가되었으나 초산과 낙산 함량은 감소되었다. 건물손실과 사일리지 품질은 젖산균 첨가제 처리로 개선되는 효과를 보여 주었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 사일리지 조제시 미생물 첨가제의 이용은 사일리지의 발효와 품질을 개선시켜주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1444-1452
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• 2019

The conventional prophylactic vaccines for human papillomavirus (HPV) efficiently prevent infection with high-risk HPV types, but they do not promote therapeutic effects against cervical cancer. Previously, we developed HPV16 E7-expressing Lactobacillus casei (L. casei-E7) as a therapeutic vaccine candidate for cervical cancer, which induces antitumor therapeutic effects in a TC-1 murine cancer model. To improve the therapeutic effect of L. casei-E7, we performed co-treatment with poly-gamma-glutamic acid (${\gamma}-PGA$), a safe and edible biomaterial naturally secreted by Bacillus subtilis. We investigated their synergistic effect to improve antitumor efficacy in a murine cancer model. The treatment with ${\gamma}-PGA$ did not show in vitro cytotoxicity against TC-1 tumor cells; however, an enhanced innate immune response including activation of dendritic cells was observed. Mice co-administered with ${\gamma}-PGA$ and L. casei-E7 showed significantly suppressed growth of TC-1 tumor cells and an increased survival rate in TC-1 mouse models compared to those of mice vaccinated with L. casei-E7 alone. The administration of ${\gamma}-PGA$ markedly enhanced the activation of natural killer (NK) cells but did not increase the E7-specific cytolytic activity of $CD8^+$ T lymphocytes in mice vaccinated with L. casei-E7. Overall, our results suggest that oral administration of ${\gamma}-PGA$ induces a synergistic antitumor effect in combination with L. casei-E7.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

Elevated serum cholesterol is a main risk factor for heart disorders. Most probiotic products administered to lower cholesterol are dairy products which are not suitable for lactose-intolerant individuals. In this study, we assessed the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of LAB isolated from traditionally fermented drinks in diet-induced rats and determine their efficacy in the production of non-dairy, probiotic formulations using papaya juice. LAB were isolated from palm wine and corn beer on MRS agar using a pour-plate technique. Identification was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A hypercholesterolemia model in which diet-induced Wistar albino rats were assigned into four groups was established. Oral gavage was carried out for 30 days. On the 31^st day, the rats were dissected and the serum lipid profile was analyzed using biochemical kits. A 10⁶ cfu/ml of a 24-h-old culture of selected lactobacilli was used to inoculate papaya juice and incubated at 37℃. Microbial and chemical changes were assessed during papaya fermentation and after four weeks of cold storage. Two selected isolates (Pw1 and Cb4) had in vitro cholesterol reduction of > 80%. These two isolates lowered lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-c) significantly, and increased HDL-c levels (p < 0.5) in the rat sera. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pw1 was 98.86% similar to Limosilactobacillus fermentum, while Cb4 was 99.54% similar to Enteroccocus faecium. Both strains fermented papaya juice with cell viability reaching 8.92 × 10⁸ cfu/ml and 25.3 × 10⁸ cfu/ml respectively, and were still viable after 4 weeks of cold storage.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 2023

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that disturb hormonal homeostasis by binding to receptors. EDCs are metabolized through hepatic enzymes, causing altered transcriptional activities of hormone receptors, and thus necessitating the exploration of the potential endocrine-disrupting activities of EDC-derived metabolites. Accordingly, we have developed an integrative workflow for evaluating the post-metabolic activity of potential hazardous compounds. The system facilitates the identification of metabolites that exert hormonal disruption through the integrative application of an MS/MS similarity network and predictive biotransformation based on known hepatic enzymatic reactions. As proof-of-concept, the transcriptional activities of 13 chemicals were evaluated by applying the in vitro metabolic module (S9 fraction). Identified among the tested chemicals were three thyroid hormone receptor (THR) agonistic compounds that showed increased transcriptional activities after phase I+II reactions (T3, 309.1 ± 17.3%; DITPA, 30.7 ± 1.8%; GC-1, 160.6 ± 8.6% to the corresponding parents). The metabolic profiles of these three compounds showed common biotransformation patterns, particularly in the phase II reactions (glucuronide conjugation, sulfation, GSH conjugation, and amino acid conjugation). Data-dependent exploration based on molecular network analysis of T3 profiles revealed that lipids and lipid-like molecules were the most enriched biotransformants. The subsequent subnetwork analysis proposed 14 additional features, including T4 in addition to 9 metabolized compounds that were annotated by prediction system based on possible hepatic enzymatic reaction. The other 10 THR agonistic negative compounds showed unique biotransformation patterns according to structural commonality, which corresponded to previous in vivo studies. Our evaluation system demonstrated highly predictive and accurate performance in determining the potential thyroid-disrupting activity of EDC-derived metabolites and for proposing novel biotransformants.