• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.441-451
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• 1993

Protective effect of superoxide dismutase[SOD] and substrates on acute ischemic and reperfused myocardium was assessed by cardiac microdialysis. 30 Rabbits were divided into 4 groups; normal control group [group I, n=5], ischemic group [group II, n=5], SOD treated group [group III, n=10], and substrates treated group [group IV, n=10]. After a microdialysis apparatus was implanted in rabbit myocardium, coronary artery was occuluded for 5 minutes and reperfusion was performed for 30 minutes. Hemodynamic changes, CK-MB isoenzyme level and adenine ring compound level in effluent dialysates [equilibrated with interstitial fluid], and ultrastructural changes of myocardial cell were analysed. Systolic blood pressure at 10 and 30 minutes after reperfusion was higher in group III and IV than in group II [p<.05]. Also percent recovery of systolic blood pressure in group III [p<.01] and IV [p<.02] was higher than in group II. CK-MB isoenzyme level in effluent dialysates was peaked at 10 minutes after reperfusion, thereafter decreased in group II, III and IV. At 30 minutes after reperfusion, its level was lower in group III and IV than in group II[p<.05]. Adenine ring compound level in effluent dialysates increased till 10 minutes after reperfusion and progressively decreased. At 10 and 30 minutes after reperfusion, its level was lower in group III and IV than in group II without significance. Degree of myocardial damage was estimated by scoring of mitochondrial injury. Group I was within normal range and most severe injury was seen in group II. And the score of mitochondrial injury in group III and IV was lower than in group II. In conclusion, SOD and substrates[KMP solution] had protective effect on stunned myocardium. The microdialysis appratus was a good device for studying stunned myocardium, and cardiac microdialysis might be a unique technique for analysis of regional intramyocardial interstitial fluid.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.652-661
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal and dental effects obtained by the Frankel functional regulator III in growing children with Class III malocclusions. Cephalometric changes in thirty children at the time of mixed dentition malocclusions (initial mean age, $7.9{\pm}1.1$ years; mean treatment duration, $1.5{\pm}0.8$ years) were analysed. The results were as follows : 1. The skeletal effects on the maxilla showed a significant downward displacement whereas forward displacement was not significant in comparison with the control group. 2. The skeletal effects on the mandible showed statistically significant backward and downward displacement. 3. The dental effects showed statistically significant backward movement in the mandibular incisor tip and increase of overjet The results suggested that forward displacement on the maxilla was insufficient and treatment effects were caused mainly by downward displacement of the maxilla, backward and downward rotation of the mandible, and the increase of overjet during short period.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.214-225
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• 2018

In this study, we tried to find out how heat and thermal energy terms are defined and used in Korean science textbooks, and to see if there are any differences in the meaning of these terms used in different areas of science. For this purpose, the contents of 52 science textbooks of elementary, middle and high school published by the 2009 revised curriculum were analyzed. The definition of the term heat is given in the middle school Science(1) and the high school Physics I and II textbooks. Most textbooks define heat as "energy transferred due to a temperature difference (Type I)". Only one textbook of Physics I defines heat as "transfer of energy due to a temperature difference (Type II)". The definition of thermal energy is mostly presented in the middle school Science (2) and the high school Physics I textbooks. Physics I textbooks define the thermal energy as "molecular kinetic energy (Type III)", while Science(2) textbooks define it as Type I or "energy causes temperature change or phase transition of matter (Type IV)". In the texts of textbooks, heat is mainly used as the meaning of Type I or Type III. Thermal energy is mainly used as Type III, but it is also used as Type I in the high school Physics and Chemistry textbooks. The meanings of heat and thermal energy terms used are differed by the area of science. They are mainly used as type I or type III in Physics and Chemistry textbooks, and used as type III in Life Science and Earth Science textbooks.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.442-449
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• 2004

As underwater robotic vehicles (URVs) become attractive for more sophisticated underwater tasks, the demand of high performance in terms of accuracy and dexterity has been increased. An autonomous underwater robotic vehicle, ODIN (Omni-Directional Intelligent Navigator) was designed and built at the Autonomous Systems Laboratory of the University of Hawaii in 1991. Since 1991, various studies were conducted on ODIN and have contributed to the advancement in underwater robotics. Its refurbished model ODIN II was based on VxWorks in VMEbus. Recently, ODIN was born again as a PC based system, ODIN III with unique features such as new vehicle system software architecture with an objective-oriented concept, a graphical user interface, and an independent and modular structure using a Dynamic Linking Library (DLL) based on the Windows operating system. ODIN III software architecture offers an ideal environment where various studies for advanced URV technology can be conducted. This paper describes software architecture of ODIN III and presents initial experimental results of fine motion control on ODIN III.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.694-698
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• 2006

A method has been described for the chemical speciation, preconcentration and determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species in filtered tannery waste waters by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using ion-exchange resins. Amberlite IR-120($H^+$) strongly acidic cation exchanger and Amberlite IRA-410($CI ^-$) strongly basic anion exchanger resins were used for the separation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species, respectively. Optimum condition for preconcentration and speciation was obtained by testing pH of sample and eluent, flow rates of sample and eluent, amount of resins, volume of sample and eluents, and effect of foreign ions. The recommended method has been successfully applied for the preconcentration and determination of chromium species in the dissolved phase of waste water samples collected from a tannery waste water treatment plant in Kayseri, Turkey. The detection limits achieved were 0.73 $\mu$g/L for Cr(III) and 0.81 $\mu$g/L for Cr(VI). Recovery studies showed 99% for Cr(III) and 98% for Cr(VI), for samples spiked with single species.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2001

Objective : To analyze the antithrombin II deficiency in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Material and Method: The blood samples were tested by chromogenic assay to evaluate the activity of antithrombin III. Results: There was only one case of antithrombin III deficiency. This patient experienced one neonatal death after delivery and one FDIU (fetal death in utero). And also this patient showed a lupus anticoagulant and the prolongation of PTT. Conclusions: Women with recurrent miscarriage who have no obvious identified cause should consider hematologic screening. Antithrombin III deficiency could be a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. But the incidence is very rare in Korean patients.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.765-769
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• 2014

An analytical methodology was developed for qualitative and quantitative impurity profiling of the coloring agent Sudan III by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection (DAD). The impurities in commercial Sudan III were characterized by comparison of their retention times and UV spectra with those of authentic standards. Four impurities regulated by International Committees in Sudan III were quantified by HPLC-selective UV detection. The impurities in Sudan dye were successfully separated on a reversed phase C18-column within 25 min and sensitively detected by UV spectrometry at two selective wavelengths. Method validation was conducted to determine linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of quantification (LOQ). The linear dynamic range extended from 0.002 to 4.0%, with a correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.995. The LOQs of the impurities ranged from 8.04 to $54.29{\mu}g/mg$. Based on the established method, the levels of regulated impurities in five commercial Sudan III dyes were determined.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.85-97
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• 2003

In this paper, earthquake response analyses were performed using equivalent linear method at the soil sites classified as soil types III and IV in "Standard Design Loads for Buildings" Soil Factors were back-calculated by using spectral accelerations obtained from the analyses and those values are compared with soil factors described in other domestic seismic guidelines. For buildings which have the natural period higher than 0.9 sec, it was possible to use soil factors of soil types II and III instead of those of soil types III and IV, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that seismic base shear force can be overestimated in the current seismic guidelines and the improvement is required. required.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2009

In this study, oxidation of As (III) as well as removal of total arsenic by adsorbents coated with single oxides or multi-oxides (Fe (III), Mn (IV), Al (III)) was investigated. In addition, multi-functional properties of adsorbents coated with multi-oxides were evaluated. Finally, application of activated carbon impregnated with Fe or Mn-oxides on the treatment of As (III) or As (V) was studied. As (V) adsorption results with adsorbents containing Fe and Al shows that adsorbents containing Fe show a greater removal of As (V) at pH 4 than at pH 7. In contrast adsorbents containing Al shows a favorable removal of As (V) at pH 7 than at pH 4. In case of iron sand, it has a negligible adsorption capacity for As (V) although it contains 217.9 g-Fe/kg-adsorbent, Oxidation result shows that manganese coated sand (MCS) has the greatest As (III) oxidation capacity among all metal oxides at pH 4. Oxidation efficiency of As (III) by IMCS (iron and manganese coated sand) was less than that by MCS. However the total removed amount of arsenic by IMCS was greater than that by MCS.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.76.1-76.1
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• 2016

During the last decade, high-resolution spectra of many very metal-poor (VMP) stars have been observed and their surface compositions have been measured. The abundance patterns of the VMP stars strongly constrain the nucleosynthesis of Pop III stars because they born from material enriched by supernovae or wind ejecta of Pop III stars. The observations show overabundances of light elements like C, N, O, Na, Mg and Al and very low $C^{12}/C^{13}$ ratios. These results indicate that mixing between the H-burning and He-burning region occurred in Pop III stars. To explain these observational results, we performed 1D stellar evolution simulations for non-rotating Pop III stars with ZAMS masses ranging from $20M_{\Box}$ to $50M_{\Box}$ and various overshooting parameters. In our grid calculation, convective mixing between helium burning layers and the hydrogen burning shell generally occurred in models with masses less than $40M_{\Box}$ without rotation and these models show an excess of light element abundances. From this result, it is expected that we could explain the observed abundance patterns with convective mixing in non-rotating massive Pop III stars and we do not necessarily have to invoke rotational mixing.