• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.141-154
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to define 'sponsorship' as a kind of advertising tool, and to describe its effects on consumer brand attitude and actual purchase behavior. From previous research results, clothing sponsorship was defined as 'indirect advertisement', which has common ad traits as well as the uncommon ad traits, such as indirectness, emotional affinity, and symbolism. Results from empirical research using 1,227 data collected in Seoul and Kyounggi Areas were as follows ; (1) Television drama clothing sponsorship was proved to have effects on brand image, emotional & rational brand attitudes, decision making process, and actual purchase behavior. (2) Each of drama clothing sponsorship factors, such as 'drama', 'role', and 'actress', had different effects on brand memory and attitudes. (3) Consumer decision making process initiated by drama clothing sponsorship followed two different processes, which were called 'rational' and 'heuristic'. The rational process followed every steps of EKB model, which explained consumer's rational shopping, but heuristic model was closer to emotional and impulsive shopping.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1742-1747
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• 2003

When a shock wave is discharged from the exit of a duct, complicated flow is formed near the duct exit. The flow field is much more complicated under the ground effects or any other objects near the exit of a duct, such as the circumstance near the exit of the high-speed railway tunnel. The resulting flow is essentially three-dimensional unsteady with the effects of strong compressibility. In the current study, three-dimensional flow fields of the weak shock wave which is discharged from the exit of a duct are numerically investigated using a CFD method. Computations are performed for the weak shock wave in the range below 1.5. The results obtained show that the directivity and magnitude of the weak shock discharged strongly depend upon the Mach number of initial shock wave and are significantly influenced by the ground effects.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2008

Although the scientific evidence is not entirely supportive, atypical antipsychotics have been used widely for the treatment of children and adolescents with mental illnesses as alternatives to typical antipsychotics which have more serious unwanted adverse effects than atypical neuroleptics. On the basis of clinical experiences and research data, atypical antipsychotics have been prescribed for adolescents with schizophrenia, manic or mixed episodes of bipolar disorders, tic disorders, aberrant behaviors in pervasive developmental disorders, and impulsive or violent behaviors in disruptive behavior disorders. Due to their efficacy and relatively more tolerable side effects, the use of atypical antipsychotics has become increasingly popular in child and adolescent psychiatry. However, we should pay attention to the limitations associated with short-term clinical experiences and the lack of well-designed controlled studies, especially in terms of adverse effects including those involving metabolic processes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.256-268
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to examine recent domestic articles related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children. Methods: After reviewing 213 articles published between 1990 and 2009 from and cited in RISS, KISS, and DBpia, the researchers identified 24 studies with 440 research variables that had appropriate data for methodological study. SPSS 17.0 program was used. The outcome variables were divided into five types: Inattention, hyperactive impulsive, intrinsic, extrinsic, and academic ability variables. Results: Effects size of overall core symptoms was 0.47 which is moderate level in terms of Cohen criteria and effects size of overall negative variables related ADHD was 0.27 which is small level. The most dominant variable related to ADHD was obtained from hyperactive-impulsive (0.70). Also academic ability (0.45), inattention (0.37), and intrinsic variables (0.29) had a small effect whereas extrinsic variables (0.13) had little effect on descriptive ADHD study. Conclusion: The results reveal that ADHD core symptoms have moderate effect size and peripheral negative variables related ADHD have small effect size. To improve the reliability of the meta-analysis results by minimizing publication bias, more intervention studies using appropriate study designs should be done.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2018

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns which are the main vertical structural members are exposed to several static and dynamic effects such as earthquake and wind. However, impact loading that is sudden impulsive dynamic one is the most effective loading type acting on the RC columns. Impact load is a kind of impulsive dynamic load which is ignored in the design process of RC columns like other structural members. The behavior of reinforced concrete columns under impact loading is an area of research that is still not well understood; however, work in this area continues to be motivated by a broad range of applications. Examples include reinforced concrete structures designed to resist accidental loading scenarios such as falling rock impact; vehicle or ship collisions with buildings, bridges, or offshore facilities; and structures that are used in high-threat or high-hazard applications, such as military fortification structures or nuclear facilities. In this study, free weight falling test setup is developed to investigate the behavior effects on RC columns under impact loading. For this purpose, eight RC column test specimens with 1/3 scale are manufactured. While drop height and mass of the striker are constant, application point of impact loading, stirrup spacing and concrete compression strength are the experimental variables. The time-history of the impact force, the accelerations of two points and the displacement of columns were measured. The crack patterns of RC columns are also observed. In the light of experimental results, low-velocity impact behavior of RC columns were determined and interpreted. Besides, the finite element models of RC columns are generated using ABAQUS software. It is found out that proposed finite element model could be used for evaluation of dynamic responses of RC columns subjected to low-velocity impact load.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 1998

The sloshing is very important in a safe transport of the liquid cargo by a ship. With the increasing number of supertanker and LNG carriers, this problem has become increasingly more important. In order to study the magnitude and characteristics of impact pressures due to sloshing, experiments ware performed with a rectangular tank and compared with numerical results. Structural responses of tank wall under impulsive pressures were measured. Structural vibrations induced by the sloshing load were analysed by including hydroelastic erects in terms of added mass and damping. To check the validity of the numerical model, the natural frequencies of plate in air and water were compared with measurements, and a good agreement was found. In the case that a plate vibrates under impulsive loads, the pressure on the flexible plate is larger than that on the rigid plate without hydroelastic effects, which was confirmed experimentally. The frequency of oscillatory pressure as well as accel%pion coincides with the natural frequency of plate in water.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.103-122
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of their money attitudes to spending behaviors of middle, high, and college students. The total number of students selected for this study were 1,252. Factor analysis, Cronbach' ${\alpha}$, two-way ANOVA, Duncan' multiple range test, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis. The results were summarized as followings: 1) The tendency of attitude that money is good was highest. Also, the tendency of attitude that money represents freedom and power was slightly high. On the other hand the attitudes that money represents achievement, and that money is evil were low. Especially the attitude that money represents respect was lowest. 2) Resulting from two-way ANOVA, the attitudes that money is good and represents achievement showed significant interaction effects between sex and age. The altitude that money is good showed significant differences by sex especially among middle and high school students. The altitude that money represents achievement showed significant differences by age among the male students. Three types of attitudes that money is evil, money represents respect, and money represents both freedom and power showed significant main effects in different age groups. Also the attitude that money represents freedom and power showed significant main effect by different sexes. 3) Four different types of measuring spending behaviors scored slightly low mark. 4) Resulting from two-way ANOVA, four different spending behaviors showed significant difference only by sexes and ages. Planned spalding behavior and conscious spending behavior showed significant differences in ages and sexes separately. While impulsive spending behavior by different age groups resulted in significant differences. Excessive spending behavior by sexes resulted in significant differences. 5) Regression analysis showed that planned spending behavior had the linear relationships in no, sex, self-esteem, and attitude that money is good. Conscious spending behavior had the linear relationships in ses, and attitudes that money represent achievement. respect, and freedom. Impulsive spending behavior had the linear relationships in age, self-esteem, and attitudes that money is good and that money is evil, and attitude that money represent freedom, Excessive spending behavior had the linear relationships in sex, self-esteem, and attitudes that money represent achievement, respect and freedom.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.67-79
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• 2020

The purpose of the study were to analyze the patterns of adolescent suicide attempts, and to explore the effects of personal psychology (subjective depression, subjective stress), health status (BMI, subjective health perception), and subjective academic performance on the types of youth suicide attempts. For this research, data of 'The 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey' were analyzed employing a hierarchical logistic regression analysis. The findings are as follows. First, out of 1,731 youth suicide attempts 156 (9%) were impulsive and 1,575 (91%) were planned. Girls(67.3%) attempted suicide more than boys (32.5%), and middle school students (62%) attempted suicide more than high school students (38%). Second, the variables that significantly affect suicide attempt types were subjective depression, subjective stress, and subjective health perception, after controlling for gender, grade level, school type, and SES. The rate of planned suicide attempts was higher among those who experienced depression than among those who did not. In the case of subjective stress, adolescents who felt stressed were likely to commit planned suicide attempts. Those who attempted impulsive suicide showed 1.32 times higher subjective health perception scores than those who attempted planned suicide, indicating adolescents who perceived they were not healthy were more likely to attempt planned suicide. BMI and subjective academic performance did not have a significant effect on the types of youth suicide attempts. These findings suggested the necessity of systematic intervention in Home Economics classes or extra-curricular programs, to prevent potential youth suicide attempts.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.165-178
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• 2001

In order to elucidate the biological etiology and the relationship between the ontogenesis of serotonin system and psychopathology in ADHD, plasma serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) were measured and the correlation between the plasma levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and age were evaluated in 46 ADHD patients and 18 control subjects. The ADHD patients were composed of 16 combined type, 10 inattentive type, and 20 hyperactive-impulsive type and the control subjects were communication disorders. The results are summarized as follows：1) There was significant difference in plasma 5-HT levels among combined, inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive and control subjects(ANOVA F=4.33, df 3, 60, p<0.05), and post-hoc test using Scheffe method showed significant difference between the combined type and control group. But, post-hoc tests showed no significant differences between combined and inattentive, combined and hyperactive-impulsive, hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and control and inattentive and control groups. 2) There was no significant differences in plasma 5-HIAA levels among the combined, hyperactive- impulsive, inattentive and control groups(ANOVA F=2.08, df 3, 60, p>0.05). 3) Significant difference in 5-HT level was found between the whole ADHD group(N=46) and the control group(N=18)(T=3.10, df 62, p<0.05). But no significant difference in 5-HIAA level was found between the whole ADHD group and the control group(T=1.90, df 62, p>0.05). 4) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with TOVA findings(5-HT：omission pearson correlation 0.10, commision 0.23, reaction time 0.01, variability in attention 0.11, all p>0.05, 5-HIAA：omission 0.21, commision 0.15, reaction time 0.09, variability in attention 0.15, all p>0.05). 5) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity based on DSM-IV criteria. 6) Plasma 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels showed no significant correlation with age both in ADHD and control group. These findings show that decreased plasma 5-HT level may play a role in the genesis of ADHD, but this finding has no significant correlation with the psychopathology of ADHD. And we could not find any significant differences in ontogenetic processes in 5-HT. Future studies should be focused on the drug effects, family history and prognosis based on the biochemical subtypes(high and low 5-HT group).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.89-94
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• 1994

This paper presents an impact control algorithm for reducing the potentially damaging effects by interation of redundant manipulators with their environments. In the. proposed control algorithm, the redundancy is resolved at the torque level by locally minimizing joint torque, subject to tire operational space dynamic formulation which maps tire joint torque set into the operational forces. For a given pre-impact velocity of the manipulator, the proposed approach is on generating joint space trajectories throughout the motion near the contact which instantaneously minimize the impulsive force which is a scalar function of manipulator's configurations. This is done by using the null space dynamics which does not affect the motion of an end-effector. The comparative evaluation of the proposed algorithm with a local torque optimization algorithm without reducing impact is performed by computer simulation. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in reducing both the effects of impact and large torque requirements.