• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.193-205
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• 1997

It is required for multi-users to share massive mapping data effectively that distributed data model in the Client-Server environment is developed for the replication consistency. The existing model is not effective to the long transaction just like a mapping system, since it does not account lot consistency between GUI screen and database replications even though it emphasizes on the replication consistency. The performance of concurrency control is very important for those long transactions, especially the mapping systems. This model is to support consistency between GUI screen and replicas using display locks. It suggests consistency model improving process performance by modifying memory consistency model and optimistic concurrency control for mapping data's characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.521-531
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to identify the meaning of the lived experiences, to describe of the meaning structures and to develop the strategies of nursing intervention centering to these meanings of the smoking cessation. Method: This study was derived from a phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The participants in this study were five adults who had the previous experience of smoking cessation. The data were collected from September of 2001 to April of 2002 through systemic interviews and participatory observations. Average of five interviews were performed, and each interview lasted an hour and half. Result: The meaning of smoking cessation was categorized with nine components. That is (1) obstinacy of the habit of smoking ; difficulty of endurance, succumb to temptation of smoking, repetition of smoking and smoking cessation, habit-forming. (2) Bring about a symptom of improving ; took place headache, expectoration of sputum, sense of instability. (3) Waver in worthy ; doubts about smoking cessation, ridiculed smoking cessation. (4) Be narrowed social life ; become estranged from friends. (5) Futility ; unnecessary, harm. (6) Self-repression ; occurred indomitable mind, strong will, endurance. (7) Gratification ; self-admiration, receive praise from family. (8) Delightfulness ; clean in body and clothes, be disgusted with the foul order of smoking. (9) Improvement in welfare ; a clear mind and good memory, improve in health, have a good appetite. Conclusion: The nursing intervention must be focused on these concerns to accomplish successful smoking cessation program.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laughter therapy and cognitive reinforcement program on self-efficacy, depression and cognitive functions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design. Thirty-six subjects over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group. Data were collected from February 7 to March 27, 2012 in the dementia supporting center. An eight week treatment program that included laughter therapy coupled with a cognitive reinforcing program including hand exercise, laughter dance routine, laughter technic and cognitive training for attention, memory, orientation and execution skill. Results: MoCA-K (t=-6.86, p<.001) and Stroop test CW correct (t=-2.54, p=.008), self-efficacy (t=-3.62, p=.001) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Reported depression (t=2.29, p=.014), Stroop test CW error (U=53.50, p<.001) in the treatment group was significantly less than the comparison group. Conclusion: In this study, the treatment was effective in improving self-efficacy, cognitive function and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2005

Ladder Diagram(LD) is the most extensively used among PLC standard language for the design of control system. But LD has the disadvantages for data processing and maintenance. On the other hand, the Sequential Function Chart(SFC) graphic language is very powerful for describing the sequential logic control algorithm. SFC is based on flow chart, so control flow understanding is very easy and divergence can possible improving its ability. In this paper, we propose the efficient management elevator system using the action qualifiers and choice divergence. From the result, we confirm the SFC language reduced program memory capacity and processing time is faster than LD language.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.264.2-264.2
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• 2014

비휘발성 메모리는 전원이 공급되지 않아도 저장된 정보를 계속 유지하는 메모리로써 현재 다양한 차세대 전자소자의 집적화 구현을 위해 저전압 동작 및 저장능력의 향상 등에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이때 삽입되는 전하저장층의 경우 기존 널리 이용되는 질화막(SiNx) 외에 최근에는 산화 알루미늄(Al2O3) 등의 고유전상수 물질 뿐만 아니라, 밴드갭 조절을 통해 전하저장능력을 향상시키는 산화막(SiOx)에 대한 연구도 진행 중이다. 이번 연구에서는 전하저장능력을 향상시키기 위해 전하저장층으로 산화막을 이용할 뿐만 아니라, 기존의 평편한 구조가 아닌 표면 조절을 통해 전하저장능력을 보다 향상시키고자 한다. 또한 이번 연구에서는 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 응용을 위해 우선적으로 금속-절연체-반도체 형태의 MOOxOyS 구조를 이용하였다. 이 때 실리콘 표면적을 변화시키기 위해 이용된 실리콘 웨이퍼는 1) 평편한 실리콘, 2) 수산화암모늄, 이소프로필 알코올 및 탈이온수를 혼합한 용액에 식각시킨 삼각형 구조, 3) 불산, 질산 및 아세트산을 혼합한 용액에 식각시킨 라운드 구조이다. 정전용량-전압 측정을 통해 얻어진 메모리 윈도우는 1) 평편한 실리콘의 경우 약 5.1 V, 2) 삼각형 구조의 경우 약 5.3 V, 3) 라운드 구조의 경우 약 5.9 V를 얻었다. 이 때, 라운드 구조의 경우 가장 넓은 표면적으로 인해 상대적으로 전하트랩이 가장 많이 되어 메모리 윈도우가 가장 커지는 특성을 볼 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.339.1-339.1
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• 2014

In this paper we studied the application of inter-poly dielectric as silicon dioxide-like film was deposited by the higher energy assisting deposition (HEAD) process the modified CCP process, which enables low temperature (LT) process and improving film density. In these experiments the relative hydrogen concentration of $SiO_2$-like films deposited on silicon substrate were analyzed by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and it was shown that our lower hydrogenated oxide (LHO) film prepared by HEAD process with the precursor contained the siloxane species had lower hydrogen concentration, $8{\times}10{\cdot}^{22}cm{\cdot}^3$ than that of the commercial undoped silicon glass (USG) film ($1{\times}10{\cdot}^{21}cm{\cdot}^3$) prepared by the high density plasma-chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD). We consider that the LHO film deposited by HEAD process used as high performance material into Flash memory devices.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.60-69
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• 1990

Plasma arc cutting is a fusion cutting process in which a gas-constricted arc is employed to produce a high-temperature, high-velocity plasma jet on the workpiece. This process provides some advantages such as increased cutting velocity, excellent working accuracy and the ability to cut special materials (widely used stainless steels and Al-alloys, for example), when compared with iconventional oxyfuel gas cutting. From the view point of price and reliability of the power source, plasma arc cutting has also some distinct advantages over laser beam cutting. High-speed machines with NC or CNC systems are needed for the plasma arc or laser beam cutting process, while for oxyfuel gas cutting, low-speed machines with copying templates or optical-shape tracking sensors can be applied. The low price and high flexibility of the microprocessor arc contributing more and more the application of CNC system in the plasma arc cutting process, as in other manufacturing fields. From these points of view, a microprocessor-based plasma arc cutting system was developed by using a reference-pulse system, and its performance was tested. The interpolating routines were programmed in the assembly language for saving the memory volume and improving the compouting speed, which has an intimate relationship with the available cutting velocity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.3515-3538
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• 2015

Data accuracy can be increased by detecting and removing the incorrect data generated in wireless sensor networks. By increasing the data accuracy, network lifetime can be increased parallel. Network lifetime or operational time is the time during which WSN is able to fulfill its tasks by using microcontroller with on-chip memory radio transceivers, albeit distributed sensor nodes send summary of their data to their cluster heads, which reduce energy consumption gradually. In this paper a powerful algorithm using proactive fuzzy system is proposed and it is a mixture of fuzzy logic with comparative correlation techniques that ensure high data accuracy by detecting incorrect data in distributed wireless sensor networks. This proposed system is implemented in two phases there, the first phase creates input space partitioning by using robust fuzzy c means clustering and the second phase detects incorrect data and removes it completely. Experimental result makes transparent of combined correlated fuzzy system (CCFS) which detects faulty readings with greater accuracy (99.21%) than the existing one (98.33%) along with low false alarm rate.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.259-269
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• 2013

Android has become the most popular platform for mobile devices. However, Android still has critical performance issues, such as "application not responding" errors and hiccups resulting from garbage collection. Many phone vendors have tried to resolve the problems by characterizing and improving the performance. However, there are few insightful performance analysis tools for the Android-based systems. This paper presents AndroScope, which is a performance analysis tool for both the Android platform (Dalvik virtual machine, core libraries, Android libraries, and even Linux kernels) and its applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first tool to collect and analyze performance data from all the software layers of the Android-based systems. AndroScope offers a trace mechanism to collect such deep and wide performance data as hardware performance counters, time, and memory usage. In addition, the tool includes TraceBridge, which is a middleware for the fast handling of mass logs. Moreover, AndroScope offers an integrated graphical user interface with the Android software development kit to display a great volume of the detailed performance data.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.453-457
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• 2012

The Goal of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function of elderly people. The participants' cognitive functions were measured before exercise. Exercise was practiced three times a week for nine weeks. The aerobic exercises consisted of warm-up exercises for five minutes followed by cycling for 30 minutes. The exercise intensity was set to 65%~75% of the intensity for the maximum heart rate(220-age). The control group did not perform any exercises. The subjects' cognitive functions were measured nine weeks later. In the aerobic exercise group, between before and after the exercises, significant increases appeared in total K-MMSE scores and scores of some sub items comprising memory registration, concentration and calculation abilities but not in other items. In the control group, no significant differences appeared in any items between before and after the experiment. In a comparison between the aerobic exercise group and the control group, significant differences appeared in total K-MMSE scores and scores of two sub items comprising concentration and calculation abilities but not in other items(p<.05). Aerobic exercises were effective in the improvement of cognitive functions and among sub items of cognitive functions, concentration and calculating abilities were improved. Aerobic exercises performed by elderly persons are considered to be effective in improving cognitive functions.