• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.193-205
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• 1997

대용량의 매핑 자료를 다수의 사용자들이 효율적으로 공유하는데는 클라이언트-서버 환경에서 복제 일관성을 위한 분산 모델 개발이 요구된다. 기존의 분산 모델은 각 사이트들의 사본간의 일관성을 강조했으나 GUI를 이용한 화면과 사본간의 일관성이 고려되지 못하여 매핑 시스템과 같은 장기 트랜잭션에는 적합하지 않다. 매핑자료의 특성상 분산 환경에서 트랜잭션들의 일관성을 유지하는데는 시간 지연이 많으므로 병행효율이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 디스플레이 록을 이용하여 GUI 화면과 사본들 사이의 일관성을 지원한다. 매핑자료의 특성을 이용하여 낙관적 병행제어 기법과 일관성 모델을 개선하여, 처리효율을 향상하는 일관성 모델을 제시한다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.521-531
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to identify the meaning of the lived experiences, to describe of the meaning structures and to develop the strategies of nursing intervention centering to these meanings of the smoking cessation. Method: This study was derived from a phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The participants in this study were five adults who had the previous experience of smoking cessation. The data were collected from September of 2001 to April of 2002 through systemic interviews and participatory observations. Average of five interviews were performed, and each interview lasted an hour and half. Result: The meaning of smoking cessation was categorized with nine components. That is (1) obstinacy of the habit of smoking ; difficulty of endurance, succumb to temptation of smoking, repetition of smoking and smoking cessation, habit-forming. (2) Bring about a symptom of improving ; took place headache, expectoration of sputum, sense of instability. (3) Waver in worthy ; doubts about smoking cessation, ridiculed smoking cessation. (4) Be narrowed social life ; become estranged from friends. (5) Futility ; unnecessary, harm. (6) Self-repression ; occurred indomitable mind, strong will, endurance. (7) Gratification ; self-admiration, receive praise from family. (8) Delightfulness ; clean in body and clothes, be disgusted with the foul order of smoking. (9) Improvement in welfare ; a clear mind and good memory, improve in health, have a good appetite. Conclusion: The nursing intervention must be focused on these concerns to accomplish successful smoking cessation program.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laughter therapy and cognitive reinforcement program on self-efficacy, depression and cognitive functions of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments (MCI). Methods: The study design was a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design. Thirty-six subjects over the age of 65 with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assigned either to a treatment or a comparison group. Data were collected from February 7 to March 27, 2012 in the dementia supporting center. An eight week treatment program that included laughter therapy coupled with a cognitive reinforcing program including hand exercise, laughter dance routine, laughter technic and cognitive training for attention, memory, orientation and execution skill. Results: MoCA-K (t=-6.86, p<.001) and Stroop test CW correct (t=-2.54, p=.008), self-efficacy (t=-3.62, p=.001) in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the comparison group. Reported depression (t=2.29, p=.014), Stroop test CW error (U=53.50, p<.001) in the treatment group was significantly less than the comparison group. Conclusion: In this study, the treatment was effective in improving self-efficacy, cognitive function and reducing depression in the elderly with MCI.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1260-1268
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• 2005

PLC는 자동화 시스템의 발달에 따라 적용 범위가 확대되어왔으며 현재 PLC의 기본 언어 중 LD 언어가 가장 많이 사용되어 지고 있으나 제어 흐름을 나타내는 순차 제어 논리의 기술이나 조건이 많아질 경우 프로그램의 이해가 어려운 단점이 있다. SFC 그래픽 언어는 플로우 차트 형식을 기반으로 하여 순차 제어 논리의 기술에 적합한 언어이며 제어의 흐름을 이해하기 쉽고 유지보수가 용이하여 신뢰성이 향상된다. 본 논문에서는 SFC 언어를 이용하여 3층의 간이 엘리베이터를 동작시키는 제어회로를 설계하고 LD 언어와 비교하여 보았다. 엘리베이터의 운전 제어회로를 설계함에 있어 액션 제한자와 선택 분기문을 사용함으로써 LD언어를 사용할 때 보다 프로그램 메모리의 용량을 줄이고 처리시간을 단축시켰다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.264.2-264.2
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• 2014

비휘발성 메모리는 전원이 공급되지 않아도 저장된 정보를 계속 유지하는 메모리로써 현재 다양한 차세대 전자소자의 집적화 구현을 위해 저전압 동작 및 저장능력의 향상 등에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이때 삽입되는 전하저장층의 경우 기존 널리 이용되는 질화막(SiNx) 외에 최근에는 산화 알루미늄(Al2O3) 등의 고유전상수 물질 뿐만 아니라, 밴드갭 조절을 통해 전하저장능력을 향상시키는 산화막(SiOx)에 대한 연구도 진행 중이다. 이번 연구에서는 전하저장능력을 향상시키기 위해 전하저장층으로 산화막을 이용할 뿐만 아니라, 기존의 평편한 구조가 아닌 표면 조절을 통해 전하저장능력을 보다 향상시키고자 한다. 또한 이번 연구에서는 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 응용을 위해 우선적으로 금속-절연체-반도체 형태의 MOOxOyS 구조를 이용하였다. 이 때 실리콘 표면적을 변화시키기 위해 이용된 실리콘 웨이퍼는 1) 평편한 실리콘, 2) 수산화암모늄, 이소프로필 알코올 및 탈이온수를 혼합한 용액에 식각시킨 삼각형 구조, 3) 불산, 질산 및 아세트산을 혼합한 용액에 식각시킨 라운드 구조이다. 정전용량-전압 측정을 통해 얻어진 메모리 윈도우는 1) 평편한 실리콘의 경우 약 5.1 V, 2) 삼각형 구조의 경우 약 5.3 V, 3) 라운드 구조의 경우 약 5.9 V를 얻었다. 이 때, 라운드 구조의 경우 가장 넓은 표면적으로 인해 상대적으로 전하트랩이 가장 많이 되어 메모리 윈도우가 가장 커지는 특성을 볼 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.339.1-339.1
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• 2014

In this paper we studied the application of inter-poly dielectric as silicon dioxide-like film was deposited by the higher energy assisting deposition (HEAD) process the modified CCP process, which enables low temperature (LT) process and improving film density. In these experiments the relative hydrogen concentration of $SiO_2$-like films deposited on silicon substrate were analyzed by the secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and it was shown that our lower hydrogenated oxide (LHO) film prepared by HEAD process with the precursor contained the siloxane species had lower hydrogen concentration, $8{\times}10{\cdot}^{22}cm{\cdot}^3$ than that of the commercial undoped silicon glass (USG) film ($1{\times}10{\cdot}^{21}cm{\cdot}^3$) prepared by the high density plasma-chemical vapor deposition (HDP-CVD). We consider that the LHO film deposited by HEAD process used as high performance material into Flash memory devices.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1990

Plasma arc cutting is a fusion cutting process in which a gas-constricted arc is employed to produce a high-temperature, high-velocity plasma jet on the workpiece. This process provides some advantages such as increased cutting velocity, excellent working accuracy and the ability to cut special materials (widely used stainless steels and Al-alloys, for example), when compared with iconventional oxyfuel gas cutting. From the view point of price and reliability of the power source, plasma arc cutting has also some distinct advantages over laser beam cutting. High-speed machines with NC or CNC systems are needed for the plasma arc or laser beam cutting process, while for oxyfuel gas cutting, low-speed machines with copying templates or optical-shape tracking sensors can be applied. The low price and high flexibility of the microprocessor arc contributing more and more the application of CNC system in the plasma arc cutting process, as in other manufacturing fields. From these points of view, a microprocessor-based plasma arc cutting system was developed by using a reference-pulse system, and its performance was tested. The interpolating routines were programmed in the assembly language for saving the memory volume and improving the compouting speed, which has an intimate relationship with the available cutting velocity.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.3515-3538
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• 2015

Data accuracy can be increased by detecting and removing the incorrect data generated in wireless sensor networks. By increasing the data accuracy, network lifetime can be increased parallel. Network lifetime or operational time is the time during which WSN is able to fulfill its tasks by using microcontroller with on-chip memory radio transceivers, albeit distributed sensor nodes send summary of their data to their cluster heads, which reduce energy consumption gradually. In this paper a powerful algorithm using proactive fuzzy system is proposed and it is a mixture of fuzzy logic with comparative correlation techniques that ensure high data accuracy by detecting incorrect data in distributed wireless sensor networks. This proposed system is implemented in two phases there, the first phase creates input space partitioning by using robust fuzzy c means clustering and the second phase detects incorrect data and removes it completely. Experimental result makes transparent of combined correlated fuzzy system (CCFS) which detects faulty readings with greater accuracy (99.21%) than the existing one (98.33%) along with low false alarm rate.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2013

Android has become the most popular platform for mobile devices. However, Android still has critical performance issues, such as "application not responding" errors and hiccups resulting from garbage collection. Many phone vendors have tried to resolve the problems by characterizing and improving the performance. However, there are few insightful performance analysis tools for the Android-based systems. This paper presents AndroScope, which is a performance analysis tool for both the Android platform (Dalvik virtual machine, core libraries, Android libraries, and even Linux kernels) and its applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first tool to collect and analyze performance data from all the software layers of the Android-based systems. AndroScope offers a trace mechanism to collect such deep and wide performance data as hardware performance counters, time, and memory usage. In addition, the tool includes TraceBridge, which is a middleware for the fast handling of mass logs. Moreover, AndroScope offers an integrated graphical user interface with the Android software development kit to display a great volume of the detailed performance data.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.453-457
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• 2012

The Goal of this study was to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive function of elderly people. The participants' cognitive functions were measured before exercise. Exercise was practiced three times a week for nine weeks. The aerobic exercises consisted of warm-up exercises for five minutes followed by cycling for 30 minutes. The exercise intensity was set to 65%~75% of the intensity for the maximum heart rate(220-age). The control group did not perform any exercises. The subjects' cognitive functions were measured nine weeks later. In the aerobic exercise group, between before and after the exercises, significant increases appeared in total K-MMSE scores and scores of some sub items comprising memory registration, concentration and calculation abilities but not in other items. In the control group, no significant differences appeared in any items between before and after the experiment. In a comparison between the aerobic exercise group and the control group, significant differences appeared in total K-MMSE scores and scores of two sub items comprising concentration and calculation abilities but not in other items(p<.05). Aerobic exercises were effective in the improvement of cognitive functions and among sub items of cognitive functions, concentration and calculating abilities were improved. Aerobic exercises performed by elderly persons are considered to be effective in improving cognitive functions.