• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.105-105
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• 2003

Cancer has been important cause of human mortality. It was known that about one third of all deaths from cancer may be ascribed to diet habits. To identify food and drinks which could protect against cancer is important. Antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity of dietary components are being studied extensively.(omitted)

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

Purpose - The present study aimed to investigate the difference between entity theorists and incremental theorists in the extent of attributing efforts and traits of consumers for the realization of pursued goals. Furthermore, the present study was conducted to determine the difference depending on circumstances. In this regard, the circumstances where consumers felt pride were divided into those in which important goals and ordinary life goals were achieved. Research design, data, and methodology - An empirical study was performed, which was divided into group 1 and 2. Group 1 is the experimental group concerned with the important goal achievement, and group 2 is the control group related to daily ordinary goal achievement. 80 college students were assigned to each group, respectively. The empirical study for each of the two groups was performed respectively by means of questionnaire survey. In the experimental group, t-test was used to verify the hypotheses for the empirical study. In the circumstances of the control group, t-test was also used to examine whether the results were same as those shown from the analysis of experimental group data or not. Results - According to the group 1 and 2, the t-test of the empirical study showed that entity theorists tended to attribute the achievements of goals to their traits more than incremental theorists did, whereas the incremental theorists tended to attribute achievements of goals to their efforts more than entity theorists did in the important goals-achieved circumstance. In the circumstance of daily life goals-achieved, additional questionnaire survey and analysis were conducted, however, there was no difference between incremental and entity theorists in regard to attributing realization of goals to their efforts, and it leads to assess the difference in the meaning of invested efforts between important goal and ordinary goal achievement. Conclusions - Considering that the feeling of consumers has been regarded as one of the significant factors in marketing mix management, the results of this study are considered as significant implications for management. The implications can be said that when incremental consumers feel authentic pride in the important goals-achieved circumstance, marketers are requested to emphasize the fact that the efforts of consumers have contributed to realization of the important goals. By contrast, when consumers feel hubristic pride in both circumstances, marketers are requested to approach to entity-oriented consumers by way of trait. Authentic and hubristic pride are pervasive and engendered by important events or daily routines, and they could have effect on delaying making decisions. Therefore, it is necessary for future research to examine the unexplored difference of effect between incidental authentic and hubristic pride on consumer's self-control. In particular, future researches are related to the extent of difference in attributing efforts and traits. The consumers'realization for the previously pursued goals between entity theorists and incremental theorists affects their present or long distant decisions in self-control dilemmas. The consumers are faced with choosing one between virtuous long term- related option and vice immediate option.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 1991

The Study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of perception in nursing activities. This study reports perceptions of nurses on the choices they make among competing activities, contrasts this perception with their opinion of what tasks they would like to spend time on. A sample of 231 clinical nurses was selected to participate in this study at two genernal hospitals in Seoul. The data was collected from July 10th to 25th, 1990. Subjects were instructed to rate one of five points likert type scale on the 43 items of nursing activities. Analysis of data was done by means of the SPSS-X Program using frequency, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The characteristics of the subjects were as follows: The age group of 25-29 yeares was 45.9%. For religion, Christians had the highest score, 68.4 % and singles in subjects were 81.4%. For academic background, 64.5% were graduated from nursing junior colleges. In the subjects, staff nurses were 86.6%. 22.5% of them had worked for less than 1 year and 20.8% had 37 months to 5 years experience at the time of the survey. 62.8% were satisfied with the job. 2. The perception level of nursing activities: 1) The mean score for perception of professional nursing functions was 4.157 point, with a maximum score set. at 5 points. The mean score for perception of priorities was 3.781. Perception of spending time was 3.932. 2) In perception of professional nursing functions, more important items were Aseptic technique (4.866), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients(4.654), Observing patients (4.799). Less important items were Transporting patients(3.411), Changing linens(3.442), Giving a bed shampoo (3.506). In priorities, more important ones. were Aseptic technique(4, 706), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients (4.524.), Observing patients(4.390), Taking vital signs (4.355). And less important ones were Changing linens (3.100), Giving bed baths(3.113), Giving back rubs(3.121). In spending time, more important ones were Aseptic technique(1.706), Observing patients (4.532), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients(4.532). And less important ones were Changing lines(3.368), Transporting patients(3.394), Giving bed baths(3.450). 3) In the role perception level, the mean distribution of perception was 3.511- 4.335; the role was perceived to be in order of frequency as a facilitator, coordinator, change agent and advocator role. The most important scale of factors by nursing activities was indirect nursing activities.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.461-469
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a PCA-based feature feedback method for extracting important areas of handwritten numeric data sets and face data sets. A PCA-based feature feedback method is proposed by extending the previous LDA-based feature feedback method. In the proposed method, the data is reduced to important feature dimensions by applying the PCA technique, one of the dimension reduction machine learning algorithms. Through the weights derived during the dimensional reduction process, the important points of data in each reduced dimensional axis are identified. Each dimension axis has a different weight in the total data according to the size of the eigenvalue of the axis. Accordingly, a weight proportional to the size of the eigenvalues of each dimension axis is given, and an operation process is performed to add important points of data in each dimension axis. The critical area of the data is calculated by applying a threshold to the data obtained through the calculation process. After that, induces reverse mapping to the original data in the important area of the derived data, and selects the important area in the original data space. The results of the experiment on the MNIST dataset are checked, and the effectiveness and possibility of the pattern recognition method based on PCA-based feature feedback are verified by comparing the results with the existing LDA-based feature feedback method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

As the medical market has gradually changed from supplier-centered market to consumer-centered one, it makes hospital managers seek the consumer's satisfaction and the various marketing strategies for survival. Under the these changes, this study was accomplished to measure the consumer's satisfaction about the medial services which a general hospital provided, to identify the marketing strategies that a general hospital could establish for survival. For these purposes, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to 200 patients in general units and 100 patients in oriental units of a general hospital in Seoul. Among them, 163 reponses in general units and 71 reponses in oriental units were turned out to be useful. they were used for final analysis. The results of the survey were as follows : First, among all items of medical services which the hospital provided, patients were most satisfied by nursing services. Second, to Improve the hospital's medical service quality, it was very important for hospital staffs to be courtesy and to explain about a process of treatment or care sufficiently. Third, to decrease cost of medical service, it was very important to develop the various items and premiums of medical insurance especially in field of oriental medicine. Fourth, to make people come to the hospital easy, it was very important of fully utilize the public transportation such as subway. Fifth, to make hospital's image good, it was very important to develop well-prepared public relationship and to continuously provide the diverse medical service in the community.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.547-559
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• 2018

Consumers are becoming increasingly interested in what kind of value their food has. Many studies have focused on consumers' preferences and willingness to pay for specific food values. However, few studies have asked consumers to consider or rank the importance of different food values. This paper determined consumers' food values by implementing the best-worst scaling approach and segmented consumers based on the relative importance of general food values that consumers place on them. Among a list of eleven food values (taste, safety, origin, appearance, price, environmental impact, naturalness, convenience, nutrition, fairness, and habit) which was compiled from previous studies on food preferences, on average, safety, nutrition, taste, and price were the most important values to consumers, whereas fairness, habit, appearance, convenience, origin, and environmental impact were the least important values. However, significant variation exists among consumers in terms of the relative importance of food values. To investigate the heterogeneity among consumers, a Latent Class Analysis was performed to classify consumers into subgroups based on responses to questions. Two latent classes were found and characterized as 'safety-nutrition' and 'taste-price'. The 'safety-nutrition' cluster represents 61% of the sample and a group of people who find safety and nutrition centered values to be the most important. Another cluster represents about 39% of the sample, and relative to the first group, this group finds price and taste values to be more important.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.12 no.2 s.29
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• pp.39-56
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• 2006

This study was intended for getting information on the job satisfaction and consciousness of 305 cooks working at deluxe hotels in Busan to improve culinary arts training and an efficient man power control program. The results were as follows. Most of the cooks were males(67.2%) and less than 40 years old(85.6%), 59.5% were cooks, 67.0% were graduated from college and 74.8% earned less than 1.5 million won in a month. 39.5% had not changed their workplace. The male cooks had transferred to some other workplace more than 2 times than female ones. The higher their age, job classification and monthly income were, the more frequently they transferred their workplace. The frequency of job transfer was the most significant factor in the age of $30{\sim}39$. 37.0% of the cooks were unsatisfied with their pay. They preferred the more highly ranked hotels(36.5%) and being independent(26.0%) if transferring workplace. They thought devotion was the most important factor for good cooks. They thought efforts, skills and human relationships were important for developing cooks. They answered pay suitable for their work was an important factor to improve the food enterprise. They thought Japanese and Korean cooking had the best prospect, and qualifications for a good cook were sincerity, efforts, careers and skills.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.161-174
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• 2006

This study examined different individual and parental factors that affect children's achievement motivation. For an analysis, perceived competence, intrinsic locus of control were included in individual variables. For parental variables, parental support and achievement pressure and marital conflict were examined. The sample consisted of 561 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, Factor analysis, frequency, percentage, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, girl's achievement motivation was higher than boys. No age difference was found between fifth and sixth grade. Second, boy's and girl's achievement motivation had a positive correlation with perceived competence, intrinsic locus of control, parental support and achievement pressure but a negative correlation with parental marital conflict. Third, important variables predicting boy's and girl's achievement motivation were perceived academic competence, parental achievement pressure and perceived social competence. Important variables predicting boy's individual and social oriented achievement motivation were perceived academic competence and parental achievement pressure. On the other hand, important variables predicting girl's individual oriented achievement motivation were perceived social competence, perceived academic competence, intrinsic locus of control and parental achievement pressure. Important variables predicting girl's social oriented achievement motivation were parental achievement pressure, perceived academic competence and mother's support.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.15-30
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to identify the Chinese university students' clothing attitudes and purchasing behavior according to their lifestyle. Questionnaires developed by researcher were distributed and collected from 540 Chinese university students from Mar. 5 to Mar. 20, 2001. Means, frequencies, and percentages were calculated. Factor analysis, cluster analysis. one-way ANOVA, and Chi-square test were used for data analysis. And Duncan's multiple range test was followed. The factors of lifestyle were consumption, self-confidence, economy, accomplishment. sociability. fashionability, individuality, and conservation. Chinese university students were segmented into 4 groups of the modern sociable, the passive stagnated, the positive progresive, and the traditional conservative. The group size of the modem sociable was the smallest, and the traditional conservative was the largest. Chinese university students considered sexual attractiveness of clothing most important. Psychological dependence and ostentation of clothing were next important in a decending order. The passive stagnated considered conformity of clothing most important and showed the opposite tendency of the modern socialable. The positive progressive considered all aspects of clothing attitudes important, and showed the opposite tendency of the traditional conservative. Chinese university students utilized direct fashion information sources, and patronized medium or small size department store or traditional market.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

It is certain that urbanization has transformed the ecological consequences severely, but urban ecosystem is not fully understood yet. Urban growth is not like a static form and it spreads spatially and temporally. Therefore in studying urban ecosystem, it is important to relate the spatial pattern of urbanization to ecological processes. Using gradient analysis, we attempted to quantify the urbanization's spatial impacts in Daejeon-city and Cheonan-city, Chungcheong-province, Korea. Because of Multifunctional Administrative City Planning (MACP), a lot of development projects are planned in Chungcheong-province, Korea. It's important to study about original cities' patterns and impacts. These results can be adopted to future city planning. So several measures such as fragmentation, vegetation index, surface temperature, population density, and income rate were computed along a 75km long and 3km wide transect. The results showed that Daejeon-city has a wider urban center, lower vegetation indexes, and higher surface temperature than Cheonan-city. Therefore in the perspective of urban environments and sustainable urbanism, it seems that Cheonan-city is better than Daejeon-city. The changes along the transect have important ecological implications, and quantifying the urbanization gradient is an important step in understanding urban ecology.