• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1995

At both international and national levels, such as in the Rio Declaration and the EU's Fifth Environmental Action Plan, governments have committed themselves to the adoption of the precautionary principle (UNCED 1992, CEC 1992). These commitments mean that the existence of uncertainty in appraising policies and proposals for development should be acknowledged. Uncertainty arise in both the prediction of impacts and in the evaluation of their significance, particularly of those cumulative impacts which are individually insignificant but cumulatively damaging. The EC network of EIA experts, stated at their last meeting in Athens that indirect effects and the treatment of uncertainty are one of the main deficiencies of current EIA practice. Uncertainties in decision-making arise where choices have been made in the development of the policy or proposal, such as the selection of options, the justification for that choice, and the selection of different indicators to comply with different regulatory regimes. It is also likely that a weighting system for evaluating significance will have been used which may be implicit rather than explicit. Those involved in decision-making may employ different tolerances of uncertainty than members of the public, for instance over the consideration of the worst-case scenario. Possible methods for dealing with these uncertainties include scenarios, sensitivity analysis, showing points of view, decision analysis, postponing decisions and graphical methods. An understanding of the development of cumulative environmental impacts affords not only ecologic but also socio-economic investigations. Since cumulative impacts originate mainly in centres of urban or industrial development, in particular an analysis of future growth effects that might possibly be induced by certain development impacts. Not least it is seen as an matter of sustainability to connect this issue with ecological research. The serious attempt to reduce the area of uncertainty in environmental planning is a challenge and an important step towards reliable planning and sustainable development.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2006

펜 기반 교정 환경에서 정확한 마킹영역을 판별하기 위해서는 사용자가 드로잉한 교정마킹과 문서영역간의 관계를 판별하는 과정에서 발생하는 모호성(ambiguity)을 해결하여야 한다. 또한 웹 및 XML과 같은 구조문서 환경에서는 변경된 문서구조가 반드시 정의된 DTD에 따라야 한다. 본 논문에서는 자유형 마킹에 의한 교정부호 입력이 가능하며, 교정 마킹과 원본문서의 영역을 판별하는 과정에서 발생하는 모호성 문제를 최소화하기 위한 컨텍스트 기반의 영역인식 및 보정 인터페이스(Context-based Proofreading Interface)를 제안한다. 제안 인터페이스에서는 교정부호의 입력에 따른 문서내용 및 구조의 변화가 발생할 경우 올바르게 문서 구조를 유지하기 위한 구조변경 방법을 제공한다. 그 결과 본 논문에서 생성된 교정 마킹 정보는 기존 교정시스템에 비하여 보다 정확한 영역정보를 포함할 수 있으며, 교정부호 입력에 따른 구조문서 변경시에도 원본문서의 DTD에 따르는 문서구조를 유지할 수 있다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2018

For several decades, attribute classification methods using the asymmetrical relationship between an attribute performance and the satisfaction of that attribute have been explored by numerous researchers. In particular, the Kano model, which classifies quality attributes into 5 elements using simple questionnaire and two-dimensional evaluation table, has gained popularity: Attractive, One-dimensional, Must-be, Indifferent, and Reverse quality. As Kano's model is well accepted, many literatures have introduced categorization methods using the Kano's evaluation table at attribute level. However, they applied different terminologies and classification criteria and this causes confusion and misunderstanding. Therefore, a criterion for quality classification at attribute level is necessary. This study is aimed to suggest a new attribute classification method that sub-categorizes quality attributes using 5-point ordinal point and Kano's two-dimensional evaluation table through an extensive literature review. For this, the current study examines the intrinsic and extrinsic problems of the well-recognized Kano model that have been used for measuring customer satisfaction of products and services. For empirical study, the author conducted a comparative study between the results of Kano's model and the proposed method for an e-learning case (33 attributes). Results show that the proposed method is better in terms of ease of use and understanding of kano's results and this result will contribute to the further development of the attractive quality theory that enables to understand both the customers explicit and implicit needs.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제37권
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• pp.233-265
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• 2014

The objective of this article is to emphasize the importance of French grammar and apply effective ways in the course considering the results of investigations conducted by teachers and learners. In the first part, we observed different types of the theory of grammar teaching. The key point in choosing a theory of grammar is to adopt a learning objective defined by the level of learners. To do this, the teacher must find methods that enable learners to achieve a gradual grammatical knowledge. In the second part, we focused on the conscience of the learners et teachers in respect of the grammar's importance. Learners and teachers agreed on the importance of French grammar. However, it is essential to find effective methods that can not only attract the interest of learners but also give students the motivation towards learning French grammar. Regarding the correlation between the learning of linguistic communication and the teaching of grammar, it is very important to familiarize learners with the following facts: - The grammar is not an independent component of the other with regard to the teaching of French. - You can get a satisfactory result on learning grammar provided that it takes place in the course of linguistic communication. What we have proposed in this article is not an absolute solution to improve the course of French, with regard to learning grammar. However, we hope that this study could help to facilitate the teaching of French grammar.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

흥미 있는 웹페이지의 자동화된 탐색은 다양한 응용 분야에 활용될 수 있다. 웹페이지에 대한 사용자의 흥미는 판단하는 것은 사용자의 행동을 관찰함으로 자동화가 가능하다. 흥미 있는 웹페이지를 구분하는 작업은 판별 문제에 속하며, 우리는 실증을 위해 화이트 박스의 학습 방법(로짓회귀분석, 지지기반학습)을 선택한다. 실험 결과는 다음을 나타내었다. (1) 고정효과 로짓회귀분석, polynomial 과 radial 커널을 이용한 고정효과 지지기반학습은 선형 커널보다 높은 성능을 보였다. (2) 개인화가 모델 성능을 향상시킴에 있어 주요한 이슈이다. (3) 사용자에게 웹페이지에 대항 흥미를 물을 때, 구간은 단순히 예/아니 도 충분할 수 있다. (4) 웹페이지에 머문 기간이 매초 증가할 때마다 성공확률은 1.004배 증가하며, 하지만 스크롤바 클릭 수 (p=0.56) 와 마우스 클릭 수 (p=0.36) 지표는 흥미와 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 가지지 않았다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2010

XML은 웹상에서 데이터를 만들고 교환하기 위한 새로운 표준이 되었다. 그러나 대부분의 비즈니스 데이터는 아직까지 관계형 데이터베이스 관리 시스템으로 저장되고 관리되고 있다. 따라서 효과적으로 관계형 데이터를 인터넷 기반의 XML 데이터로 변환하는 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 변환 과정에서 가장 중요한 점은 관계형 스키마의 구조적, 의미적 관계 정보를 XML 스키마에 정확히 반영하는 것이다. 그러나 대부분의 변환 방법들이 이러한 관계 정보들을 지원하지 못하는 문제점을 지니고 있다. 이 논문에서는 관계형 데이터베이스 스키마를 XML 스키마인 XML Schema로 변환하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 변환에는 명시적/묵시적 참조 무결성 관계 정보뿐만 아니라 데이터 중복이 없는 중첩 구조의 높은 단계를 달성할 것이다. 이 논문에서의 절차는 우선 참조 무결성 정보를 추출하여 중복 배제 스키마 모델을 제안하고, 그리고 중첩 구조를 탐사함으로 데이터 중복이 없는 XML Schema 구조를 개선한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability of medical record review for the detection of hospital adverse events. Methods: We conducted two stages retrospective medical records review of a random sample of 96 patients from one acute-care general hospital. The first stage was an explicit patient record review by two nurses to detect the presence of 41 screening criteria (SC). The second stage was an implicit structured review by two physicians to identify the occurrence of adverse events from the positive cases on the SC. The inter-rater reliability of two nurses and that of two physicians were assessed. The intra-rater reliability was also evaluated by using test-retest method at approximately two weeks later. Results: In 84.2% of the patient medical records, the nurses agreed as to the necessity for the second stage review (kappa, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.83). In 93.0% of the patient medical records screened by nurses, the physicians agreed about the absence or presence of adverse events (kappa, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.97). When assessing intra-rater reliability, the kappa indices of two nurses were 0.54 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.77) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.87), whereas those of two physicians were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.00) and 0.37 (95% CI, -0.16 to 0.89). Conclusions: In this study, the medical record review for detecting adverse events showed intermediate to good level of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Well organized training program for reviewers and clearly defining SC are required to get more reliable results in the hospital adverse event study.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.741-750
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to identify dentists' opinions about the return to work of the dental hygienists with career interrupted. Convenience sampling was made of 22 dentists with the clinical experience (about 0.25%) of the 4,944 members of Gyeonggi-do Dental Association. Data were collected through an electronic survey using e-mails and telephone interviews and analyzed using the constant comparison method. Methods: Open coding was assigned to the initial data from the survey in an explicit language, and focusing on the types of their employment, working conditions, etc. Summarization and conceptualization were made of the second data in an implicit language. Results: Most of the dentists were found to have positive attitudes toward the return to work of career interrupted dental hygienists and hope to adjust their wages based on their job performance or after their probational period expires. Most of the dentists were found to have positive attitudes towards the hygienists' flexible working although their concerns about work efficiency and hospital atmosphere. This study is a qualitative study that describes dentists' opinions and presents the need for the career interrupted dental hygienists to return to work. Conclusions: The study proposed that the educational institutions should take into account the hygienists' opinions when implementing the programs for promoting their return to work and their evaluative studies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

협업 추천은 전자상거래 기업들이 고객별로 개인화 된 상품추천을 하기 위하여 널리 활용하는 추천기법이다. 추천 행위는 고객들이 상품에 대해 가지고 있는 선호도를 분석하고 이를 프로필화 하는 것을 전제로 한다. 전통적인 명시적 평가법은 취급하는 상품이 매우 다양한 전자상거래 기업의 고객들에게 구매활동외에 추가적 부담을 준다는 점에서 한계를 가진다. 따라서 고객의 개입 없이 간접적으로 선호도를 파악할 수 있는 묵시적 평가법이 보다 바람직하다고 볼 수 있는데, 여기에도 추정된 선호도의 지표화에 주로 사용하는 카디널 척도가 추정 오차를 증가 시킨다는 점에서 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제의 개선을 위해 웹 마이닝과 사전식 컨센서스 기법에 근간하여 서열 척도 기반의 고객 프로필을 생성, 활용하는 협업 추천 기법을 제안하고자 한다. 실제 온라인 쇼핑몰의 거래 데이터를 이용한 실험을 통해 제안된 기법의 우수성을 입증 하였다.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.205-233
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• 2008

This study suggests the dynamic value chain model, that will be able to not only show changing processes to organization's significant capital by integrating an individual, implicit, and explicit knowledge which affect organizational decision making, but also distinguish the key driver for raising organizational competitive power because it makes possible to analyze sensitivity of performance along with decision making alternatives and policy changes from dynamic view by connecting knowledge management capability, knowledge management activity, and relations with organizational performance with specific strategic map. Recently, a lot of organizations show interest in measuring and evaluating their performance synthetically. In organizations taking knowledge management, they introduce effective value chain model like a dynamic balanced scorecard (DBSC), and therefore they can reflect their knowledge management condition as well as show their changes by checking performance of established vision and strategy periodically. Furthermore, they can ask for their inner members' understanding and participation by communicating with and inspiring their members with awareness that members are one of their group, present a base of benchmarking, and offer significant information for later decision making. The BSC has been a successful framework for measuring an organization's performance in various perspectives through translating an organization's vision and strategy into an interrelated set of key performance indicators and specific actions. The BSC, while having significant strengths over traditional performance measurement methods, however, has its own limitations, due to its static nature, such as overlooking two-way causation between performance indicators and neglecting the impact of delayed feedback flowing from the adoption of new strategies or policy changes. To overcome these limitations, this study employs SD, a methodology for understanding complex systems where dynamic feedback among the interrelated system components significantly impact on the system outcomes. The SD simulation model in the form of DBSC would serve as a useful strategic teaming tool for facilitating an organization's communication process through various scenario analyses as well as predicting the dynamic behavior pattern of their key performance measures over a future time frame. For the demonstration purpose, this study applied the DBSC model to Prototype of Korea manufacturing and service firm.