• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.219-239
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• 2003

The world of business is being profoundly transformed by the Internet and electronic commerce. E-commerce is driven by Internet and e-commerce technology. That is, the new e-commerce is commonly associated with highly developed technical elements, ranging from web , graphic design. payment systems and network infrastructure. Thus, it is necessary to decide which technologies are important and how they are related to each other. To anticipate the future of each information communication technology and electronic commerce accurately , we have attempted to develop a classification model of electronic commerce technology. A classification model for EC technologies consists of three categories: basic technology, base technology, and application technology. This model can play a role as a guideline in classifying EC technologies into three hierarchical category and in comparing the relative relationships of each electronic commerce technology. It will also provide an impetus for the study of electronic commerce technologies and for the shaping process of electronic commerce generally.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2010

Ancient Indian mathematical works, all composed in Sanskrit, usually consisted of a section of sturas in which a set of rules or problems were stated with great economy in verse in order to aid memorization by a student. And rules or problems of the mathematics were transmitted both orally and in manuscript form.Indian mathematicians made early contributions to the study of the decimal number system, arithmetic, equations, algebra, geometry and trigonometry. And many Indian mathematicians were appearing one after another in Ancient. This paper is a comparative study of mathematics developments in ancient India and the other ancient civilizations. We have found that the Indian mathematics is quantitative, computational and algorithmic by the principles, but the ancient Greece is axiomatic and deductive mathematics in character. Ancient India and the other ancient civilizations mathematics should be unified to give impetus to further development of mathematics education in future times.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1301-1305
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• 2006

The development of rapid, infallible, and sensitive methods of detecting foodborne pathogens has received much impetus in recent years owing to an increased public awareness of the health hazards. For the rapid and simultaneous detection of these foodborne pathogens, a multiplex PCR method was developed. Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella spp. are bacteria of concern because of their specific growing condition that enables them to live at low temperatures. In order to detect each pathogenic bacterium, specific primers from Y. enterocolitica, St. aureus, and Sh. flexneri were selected and validated successfully. To apply this method to food stored at low temperature, Y. enterocolitica, St. aureus, and Sh. flexneri were artificially inoculated in lettuce and incubated for enrichment. The multiplex PCR assays were able to simultaneously detect three pathogens, and the presence of three bands was observed at initial inoculation levels of approximately 1$\times$10$^1$ CFU/g in lettuce. Therefore, this method could be used for simultaneous detection of Y. enterocolitica, St. aureus, and Shigella spp. contaminated in lettuce during cultivation, transportation, preservation, and storage.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2014

Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination has gained wide and increasing acceptance around the world as a straightforward undertaking to alleviate the alarming water crisis. An enhanced monitoring of the quality of the water feeding in seawater RO (SWRO) plant through the application of an effective pretreatment option is one of the keys to the success of RO technology in desalination plants. Over the past 10 years, advances in ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technologies in application for water and wastewater treatment have prompted an impetus for using membrane pretreatment in seawater desalination plants. By integrating SWRO plant with UF pretreatment, the rate of membrane fouling can be significantly reduced and thus extend the life of RO membrane. With the growing importance and significant advances attained in UF pretreatment, this review presents an overview of UF pretreatment in SWRO plants. The advantages offered by UF as an alternative of pretreatment option are compared to the existing conventionally used technologies. The current progress made in the integration of SWRO with UF pretreatment is also highlighted. Finally, the recent advances pursued in UF technology is reviewed in order to provide an insight and hence path the way for the future development of this technology.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.3
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• pp.51-78
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• 1976

Since educating all students in learning how to learn and iic\il- to adapt thernselves to the changing society is the most desirable :.:.il:ii of education in the modern world, it is necessary that the library hc:one an increasingly important part of the students' learng activities. The development of the desire and necessary skills to seek mi! to acquire lino~vledge should be encouraged and planned by the acac:e:liic library. The effective instruction in the use of academic lihra1.1.- can provide the students with the cspxbility to carry on their own icL,i.!nal education through their life. This paper is to make a brief trace of the development of liGl-ary instruction in American universities and colleges oiyer the decades, providing the overview of many successful components of saxe representative projects and experiments, from which to clarify coi~in;on problems and principles involl-ed in them. Any one of standard approaches so far identified has turned o:lt to be not a perfect method in that each has its own merits and pl-oblcms. It may be that the process of analysis and evaluation is 1-aluab!e for better comprehensive perspectives in future program of the instr~iction in the use of academic libraries. An effort is sincerely made to giie an impetus to the recogrriiivn of the importance of library instruction in Korean academic .yorid to meet the urgent needs of the modern society.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.247-257
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• 1997

It was the turning point in the "fixed point arena" when the notion of weak commutativity was introduced by Sessa [9] as a sharper tool to obtain common fixed points of mappings. As a result, all the results on fixed point theorems for commuting mappings were easily transformed in the setting of the new notion of weak commutativity of mappings. It gives a new impetus to the studying of common fixed points of mappings satisfying some contractive type conditions and a number of interesting results have been found by various authors. A bulk of results were produced and it was the centre of vigorous research activity in "Fixed Point Theory and its Application in various other Branches of Mathematical Sciences" in last two decades. A major break through was done by Jungck [3] when he proclaimed the new notion what he called "compatibility" of mapping and its usefulness for obtaining common fixed points of mappings was shown by him. There-after a flood of common fixed point theorems was produced by various researchers by using the improved notion of compatibility of mappings. of compatibility of mappings.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.288-293
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• 2017

In this study, we report the industrial application of an efficient technology for the recovery of gallic acid from Chinese nutgall processing wastewater. The recovery of gallic acid by industrial scale extraction and stripping devices was performed, with tributyl phosphate as the extractant and kerosene as the diluent. The results showed that the theoretical extraction stage was four, while the theoretical stripping stage was two. A closed-cycle system was studied for the continuous countercurrent extraction and stripping, with a five-stage extraction device and a three-stage reflux stripping device. The results showed that the multistage extraction-stripping system could steadily run for a long period, the average gallic acid level in the raffinate was $0.85g{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and the gallic acid content recovered in the strip liquor was higher than $120g{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The average extraction yield of gallic acid was 94.14%. When the strip liquor was used as raw material for production, the average production yield increased by 8.64%. In addition, after extraction, the $COD_{Cr}$ in the wastewater decreased by 38.19%, and the biodegradability of wastewater improved by 1.6 times. This study provided a new impetus for the sustainable development of the Chinese nutgall processing industry.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.36
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• pp.195-262
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• 2007

This paper attempts to assess the Basel Committee's bank supervisory standards and capital adequacy rules, and thereby rethink whether global convergence in banking regulation is desirable. To that end, it seeks to address the impetus for the creation of the Basel Committee, and explore driving forces behind the internationalization of bank regulatory and supervisory standards. Following the historical and theoretical analysis of the internationalization of bank regulatory standards, the movement toward global standards in banking is reviewed. More importantly, this paper seeks to explore the origins of the Basel Accord on bank capital adequacy. To do so, it largely relies on current theories on the process of negotiating the capital adequacy standards in the areas of political science and international political economy. At this point, this study takes a position as a break against the force of international market failure logic that has enjoyed an exceptionally positive reception among economists, political scientists, and legal experts. Nonetheless, it does not intend to freeze the international coordination and cooperation of banking regulation. Given the understanding of the politics behind the creation of the Basel Accord, this paper evaluates the Basel Accord of 1988 and the new capital adequacy framework(Basel II), and then moves beyond the assessment of the capital adequacy standards In doing so, this study draws lessons from Basel in search of a just world order in the global finance.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.153-182
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• 2013

This study intends to analyze the acquisition process in public libraries. It specifically attempts to survey the collection development policy, staff structure of acquisition departments, overall process of book purchasing, conclusion of contract for book purchasing and discount rate of book. Data are drawn from a survey with 315 public libraries in the country. As a conclusion, this study discusses such as current situation in book purchases in public libraries and possible impetus toward a better collection development process.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

Nutrition is very essential for growth, development and reproduction. The quantitative impetus of nutritional factor on adult characters and reproductive fitness was studied in Antheraea mylitta by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day to $5^{th}$ instar larvae. All the characters have improved on giving fresh diet more times over the single diet. The adult weight has strong effect on the reproductive potential i.e., female pupa and moth weight, survivability, pupation rate, emergence percentage, fecundity, fertility, egg weight and hatched out larval weight. The improvement recorded to the tune of $70\%,\;77.1\%,\;115.4\%,\;36.7\%,\;45.9\%\;and\;218.3\%$ in larval weight gain, survivability, pupation rate, female pupa weight, moth weight and fecundity respectively when fresh diets were provided 4 times a day against single diet. The adult emergence percentage has increased from $66.4\%\;to\;96.2\%$ and fertility rose from $52.2\%\;to\;93.6\%$. The weight of eggs and the larvae hatched out of it also found to be significantly higher in 4 diets a day condition. The study revealed that optimization of fresh diet frequency should be maintained to obtain higher egg production and fertility in order to get vigorous larvae to continue the generation.