• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.80-90
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• 1995

The scattering parameters of a microstrip single line, a right-angle bend and a coupled line are calculated using the multiport network model for the frequency range from 1 to 18 GHz. The single line is analyzed using the planar waveguide model. The right-angle bend is broken into two rectangular segments, and each segment is analyzed in a similar fashion as the single line. Impedance matrices corresponding to the two segments are combined by the segmentation method. In the analysis of elec- tromagnetic coupling of the coupled line, a new method is employed resulting in much less computation time than those previous methods involving Green's functions. A good agreement between the numerical results for the three structures and those from SuperCompact reveals the usefulness of the multiport network medel in analyzing complicated mirostrip single and coupled line discontinuities.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.5 s.120
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• pp.563-568
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• 2007

In this paper, the proposed package antenna, which is meander line structure with short pin, is miniaturized to realize RF-SoP at 900 MHz RFID band. The RFID BGA(Ball Grid Array) chip is put in a cavity of LTCC Layers. The coupling and cross talk, which are happen between BGA chip and proposed package antenna, are reduced by faraday cage, which consists of ground and via fences, is realized to enhance the isolation between BGA chip and antenna. The proposed antenna structure is focused on the package level antenna realization at low frequency band. The novel proposed package antenna size is $13mm{\times}9mm{\times}3.51mm$. The measured resonance frequency is 0.893 GHz. The impedance bandwidth is 9 MHz. The maximum gain of radiation pattern is -2.36 dBi.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.768-773
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• 2012

A branch-line hybrid using microstrip artificial transmission lines(ATLs) with slotted-triangular patches is proposed. The proposed artificial transmission line is compact in structure as well as easy to adjust the characteristic impedance and electrical length of equivalent transmission line by changing the slot's parameters; hence, it is useful for miniaturizing conventional transmission lines. The designed branch-line hybrid, because of the use of the right angled isosceles triangular shaped artificial transmission lines as building blocks, has no useless empty space, and hence optimally miniaturized. A fabricated 3 dB branch-line hybrid shows the coupling variation of ${\pm}0.5$ dB and the phase difference between two output ports of $91^{\circ}{\pm}4^{\circ}$ within 15 % bandwidth at 2.45 GHz center frequency. The size of proposed branch-line hybrid is only 38% of the conventional branch-line hybrid.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.549-560
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• 1993

A simple closed form approximation is developed by a new approach presented in this paper for the microstrip surface dyadic Green's function which arises in the problem of an electric current point source on an infinite planar grounded dielectric substrate. This closed form approximation includes the effects of the space wave, the surface wave and their coupling within the transition region near the source, and remains accurate as near as $0.1{\pi}_1$ from the source point for a substrate thickness as large as $0.04{\pi}_1$, where, ${\pi}_1$, is the free space wavelength, This result can significantly facilitate the rigorous moment method analysis of microstrip antenna arrays on relatively this substrates of practical interest. Numerical results illustrating the accuracy of the closed form approximation are presented and CPU times associated with some mutual impedance calculations are also included.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.292-295
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• 2004

The SIT was introduced by Nishizawa. in 1972. When compared with high-voltage, power bipolar junction transistors, SITs have several advantages as power switching devices. They have a higher input impedance than do bipolar transistors and a negative temperature coefficient for the drain current that prevents thermal runaway, thus allowing the coupling of many devices in parallel to increase the current handling capability. Furthermore, the SIT is majority carrier device with a higher inherent switching speed because of the absence of minority carrier recombination, which limits the speed of bipolar transistors. This also eliminates the stringent lifetime control requirements that are essential during the fabrication of high-speed bipolar transistors. This results in a much larger safe operating area(SOA) in comparison to bipolar transistors. In this paper, vertical SIT structures are proposed to improve their electrical characteristics including the blocking voltage. Besides, the two dimensional numerical simulations were carried out using ISE-TCAD to verify the validity of the device and examine the electrical characteristics. A trench gate region oxide power SIT device is proposed to improve forward blocking characteristics. The proposed devices have superior electrical characteristics when compared to conventional device. Consequently, the fabrication of trench oxide power SIT with superior stability and electrical characteristics is simplified.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is the development and application of a high resolution ultrasonic wave imaging system to detect discontinuity plane in lab-scale rock models. This technique is based on received time series which capture the multiple reflections at interface. This study includes the fundamental aspects of ultrasonic wave propagation in rock mass, the selection of the optimal ultrasonic wave transducer, data gathering, a signal processing, imaging methods, and experiments. Experiments are carried out by the horizontal movement and rotation devices. Experimental studies show the discontinuity is well detected by the horizontal movement and rotation devices under water. Furthermore, the discontinuity and the cavity on the plaster block are identified by the rotation device. This study suggests that the new method may be an economical and effective tool for the detection of the discontinuity on rock mass.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.286-301
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• 2008

When magnetotelluric (MT) data are obtained in vicinity of the coast, the sea can distort observed MT responses, especially those of deep part of subsurface. We introduce an iterative method to correct the sea effect, based on the previous topographic correction method which removes the distortions due to topographic changes in seafloor MT data. The method first corrects the sea effect in observed MT impedance, and then inverts corrected responses in a model space without the sea. Due to mutual coupling between sea and subsurface structure, the correction and inversion steps are iterated until changes in each result become negligible. The method is validated for 1-D and 2-D structure using synthetic MT data produced by 3-D forward modeling including surrounding seas. In all cases, the method closely recovers the given structure after a few iterations. To test the applicability of the proposed method to field data, we generate synthetic MT data for the Jeju Island whose 1-D conductivity structure is well known, using 3-D forward modeling. The distortions due to the surrounding sea start to appear below the frequency about 1 Hz, and are relatively severe in the electrical field perpendicular to the coastline because of the location of the observation sites. The proposed method successfully eliminates the sea effect after three iterations, and both 1-D and 2-D inversion of corrected responses closely recover the given subsurface structure of the Jeju Island model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.417-417
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• 2016

Global environmental deterioration has become more serious year by year and thus scientific interests in the renewable energy as environmental technology and replacement of fossil fuels have grown exponentially. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell consisting of semiconductor photoelectrodes that can harvest light and use this energy directly to split water, also known as photoelectrolysis or solar water splitting, is a promising renewable energy technology to produce hydrogen for uses in the future hydrogen economy. A major advantage of PEC systems is that they involve relatively simple processes steps as compared to many other H2 production systems. Until now, a number of materials including TiO2, WO3, Fe2O3, and BiVO4 were exploited as the photoelectrode. However, the PEC performance of these single absorber materials is limited due to their large charge recombinations in bulk, interface and surface, leading low charge separation/transport efficiencies. Recently, coupling of two materials, e.g., BiVO4/WO3, Fe2O3/WO3 and CuWO4/WO3, to form a type II heterojunction has been demonstrated to be a viable means to improve the PEC performance by enhancing the charge separation and transport efficiencies. In this study, we have prepared a triple-layer heterojunction BiVO4/WO3/SnO2 photoelectrode that shows a comparable PEC performance with previously reported best-performing nanostructured BiVO4/WO3 heterojunction photoelectrode via a facile solution method. Interestingly, we found that the incorporation of SnO2 nanoparticles layer in between WO3 and FTO largely promotes electron transport and thus minimizes interfacial recombination. The impact of the SnO2 interfacial layer was investigated in detail by TEM, hall measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. In addition, our planar-structured triple-layer photoelectrode shows a relatively high transmittance due to its low thickness (~300 nm), which benefits to couple with a solar cell to form a tandem PEC device. The overall PEC performance, especially the photocurrent onset potential (Vonset), were further improved by a reactive-ion etching (RIE) surface etching and electrocatalyst (CoOx) deposition.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.477-483
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• 2008

The paper introduces mobile handset multi-band chip antenna to be used on meander line PIFA structure and parasite patch. The proposed antenna uses an FR-4 substrate. The top layer is consist of meander lines PIFA structure to implement GSM900 and is connected with each rad and meander line on the via-hole for maximize space efficiency. The middle layer is designed with the signal line and gap to implement a DCS and PCS bands, the bottom layer which is added to a parasite patch on the ground can be show an adjust of frequency and impedance character by the connection of the radiators of middle layer and coupling. The fabricated antenna with the dimension of $28{\times}6{\times}4\;mm^3$. The ground plane a dimension of $45{\times}90\;mm$, designed by a commercial software CST simulator. The experimental results show that the bandwidth for(VSWR<3) is 90($875{\sim}965$) MHz in GSM900 band operation and 380($1,670{\sim}2,050$) MHz in DCS, PCS band operation. The maximum gains of antenna are 0.25 dBi, 3.65 dBi and 3.3 dBi at resonance frequencies and it has omni-directional pattern practically.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.545-554
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• 2003

Design of the optical modulator composed of a three-waveguide coupler and CPW traveling-wave electrodes was carried out. Switching phenomena of three-waveguide couplers were analyzed by using the coupled mode theory, and the coupling-lengths of the devices were calculated by means of the FDM. CPW traveling-wave electrodes were analysed by the CMM and SOR simulation technique in order to find the conditions of phase-velocity and impedance matching. Traveling-wave modulators were fabricated on z-cut LiNbO$_3$ substrate. Ti was in-diffused in LiNbO$_3$ to make waveguides and Au electrodes were built on the waveguides by the electrolyte technique. The fabricated modulator chip was end-polished, pig-tailed and packaged in a brass mount with K-connector. The insertion loss and the switching voltage of the optical modulator were about 4㏈ and 19V, respectively. Network analyzer was used to obtain the S parameter and the corresponding RF response. From the measurement, parameters of the traveling-wave electrodes were extracted to be Z$_{c}$= 45 Ω, N$_{eff}$=2.20, and $\alpha$$_{0}$=0.055/cm√GHZ. The measured optical response R($\omega$) was compared with the theoretically estimated one, showing both responses agree well. The measurement results revealed that 3㏈ bandwidth turned out to be about 13 GHz.