• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1064-1070
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• 2020

한국의 영상기반 뉴스 미디어는 크게 지상파 방송, 종합편성 방송, 그리고 유튜브 방송과 같은 온라인 미디어로 나뉘어진다. 최근 이들 미디어의 방송 뉴스는 특정 시청자를 목표로 삼아 공정성과 중립성을 기대할 수 없는 주관적, 감정적인 성향의 내용을 송출하는 경향이 있다는 지적을 받고 있다. 이러한 양상은 시청자의 이슈 지각에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 그 결과는 영상기반 미디어 뉴스 유형별로 감정 유형을 드러내는 성향의 차이가 존재하는지, 그리고 만약 차이가 존재한다면, 그 양상은 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. 감정 유형은 '딥러닝' 기법인 Convolutional Neural Network를 사용하여 중립, 행복, 슬픔 그리고 분노와 관련하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전반적으로 뉴스 보도가 감정을 드러내는 성향이 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 방송 뉴스에서 표출되는 감정을 다룬 첫 양적 연구이자 방송 뉴스 감정 분석에서 딥러닝을 사용한 첫 사례이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.445-466
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• 2022

As everything linking to the internet, people can subscribe to various services from a service provider to facilitate their lives through the Internet of Things (IoT). An obligatory thing for the service provider is that they should push the service data safely and timely to multiple IoT terminal devices regularly after the IoT devices accomplishing the service subscription. In order to control the service message received by the legal devices as while as keep the confidentiality of the data, the public key encryption algorithm is utilized. While the existing public encryption algorithms for push service are too complicated for IoT devices, and almost of the current subscription schemes based on push mode are relying on centralized organization which may suffer from centralized entity corruption or single point of failure. To address these issues, we design a secure subscription-push service scheme based on blockchain and edge computing in this article, which is decentralized with secure architecture for the subscription and push of service. Furthermore, inspired by broadcast encryption and multicast encryption, a new encryption algorithm is designed to manage the permissions of IoT devices together with smart contract, and to protect the confidentiality of push messages, which is suitable for IoT devices. The edge computing nodes, in the new system architecture, maintain the blockchain to ensure the impartiality and traceability of service subscriptions and push messages, meanwhile undertake some calculations for IoT devices with limited computing power. The legalities of subscription services are guaranteed by verifying subscription tags on the smart contract. Lastly, the analysis indicates that the scheme is reliable, and the proposed encryption algorithm is safe and efficient.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2022

By explaining the essence of corporate governance as well as disclosure and transparency, the study examined the guarantees of applying disclosure and transparency to firms listed on the Saudi stock exchange. The research also addressed the disclosure and transparency duties of firms listed on the Saudi stock exchange. Finance to prepare a prospectus, as the Capital Market Authority's regulations required that the prospectus includes information that enables the investor in securities to make his investment decision based on real foundations based on the issuing company's financial position and to ensure that companies fulfill that disclosure in the prospectus. Firms who fail to disclose are required by law to do so, and the Capital Market Authority's laws mandate companies listed on the financial market to regularly report fundamental events linked to the issuer or the securities issued by it. The Capital Market Authority must make it available to the public dealing with the business issuing the securities, and The Capital Market Authority's Law and Regulations have imposed fines on corporations that do not comply with disclosure and make the Board of Director's report available. The research focused on activities that the legislator deemed to be a breach of the obligation of openness, such as the danger of many measures aimed at ensuring the impartiality and transparency of trading in the Saudi financial market, as well as the absence of conflicts of interest. The research also addressed the sanctions imposed on The source for failing to meet the obligation of disclosure and openness, as well as the mechanisms of compensating persons harmed by the failure to meet that responsibility.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.3-22
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to present implications by analyzing the Swiss Federal Court's annulment of the arbitration Awards in Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS). As international interest in the sports sector increases, related disputes are also increasing. Therefore, the role of CAS specializing in sports disputes is becoming very important. In particular, the Swiss federal court's annulment of the arbitral awards made by the CAS could contribute significantly to the development of sports arbitration in the future. Looking at the case analyzed in this study, first of all, it is about the partiality of the arbitrator. The court judged that the arbitrator posted and shared racist articles on SNS, which could be sufficiently biased. Next, it is about the uncertainty of the arbitration clause. The arbitral award was finally canceled due to the issue of whether the CAS could make an arbitral award with jurisdiction over a clause that includes both dispute resolution through a sports organization and dispute handling in a national court. As a result of the analysis of this study, in the case of unclear arbitration provisions, it will be necessary to prepare an arbitration agreement. In addition, in the case of unclear arbitration provisions, it will be necessary to prepare a post-arbitration agreement. Finally, in order to revitalize sports arbitration, it will be necessary to train professional arbitrators in Korea, support them to work internationally, and establish specialized arbitration institutions.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

The focus of this research is the practice of journalism in relation to the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship (JFPP) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Journalists and curators who are participants in the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship received fundings from the state. The Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship is a unique model because it is the only one in the world in journalism practice that involves state's financial assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. These fundings from the state for the media lead to dilemmas and controversies. This research uses a qualitative approach and a single holistic case study method. The Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship was held from May to December 2021, involving 7,276 journalists from 857 media (print, television, radio, and online media) and 26 curators. This study found that during the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship, journalism experienced a crisis and lost its function as a control overpower. Giving cash to journalists and curators during the fellowship makes journalism lose its independence and objectivity. The Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship has degraded or eliminated the function of the press as a watchdog. Incentives for journalists while participating in the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship is a long-term investment by the government to co-opt Indonesian media and journalists in the future. On the other hand, the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship raises another aspect; the crisis of journalism. Journalism work produced in the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship does not reflect the values and principles of journalism. Journalism values, such as independence and impartiality, are absent from the Behavioural Change Journalism Fellowship product.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.49-97
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• 2014

This study is about the availability of Chinese internal arbitration institutions by Korean invested companies. Generally, Chinese internal arbitration institutions lack independence from government. However, because parties seeking an arbitration award have ways to get neutrality from internal arbitration institutions that guarantee party autonomy, these Korean companies can use Chinese internal arbitration institutions to resolve disputes in China. Special attention should be given to the following. First, because Korean companies invested in China are legally in the same position as Chinese companies, unless foreign-related factors intervene, when disputes occur with Chinese companies or individuals, the disputes correspond to internal dispute, and when it comes to choosing the arbitration institution, these Korean companies must choose either a Chinese internal arbitration institution or foreign-related arbitration institution. Second, most Chinese internal arbitration institutions still lack independence from government, which can influence the fairness of arbitration in the future. Therefore, Korean companies invested in China should think about alternative ways to get a minimum impartiality in arbitration cases. Third, the parties are allowed to choose arbitration rules freely in Beijing, Xian, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou arbitration commissions. Therefore, in arbitration cases, the parties can get impartiality by choosing arbitrators according to the arbitration rules which they agree on, or by choosing partially modified arbitration rules of those arbitration commissions. Fourth, in order to get an impartial arbitration award from Chinese internal arbitration institutions in China, it is important for Korean lawyers or arbitration experts -- fluent in Chinese -- to be registered in the List of Arbitrators of Chinese internal arbitration institution by way of signing a MOU between the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, or the Korean Association of Arbitration Studies and arbitration commissions such as those of Beijing, Xian, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Hangzhou which comparatively do guarantee party autonomy. Fifth, because application of the preservation of property before application of arbitration is not approved in China, in practice, in order to preserve property before application of arbitration, it is best to file another suit in China based on other legal issue (e.g., tort) independent from the contract which an arbitration agreement is applied to. Sixth, in arbitration commissions which allow different agreement regarding arbitration procedures or arbitration rules, it is possible to choose a neutral arbitrator from a third country as a presiding arbitrator via UNCITRAL arbitration rules or ICC arbitration rules. Seventh, in the case of Chinese internal arbitral award, because the court reviews the substantive matters to decide the refusal of compulsory execution, the execution rate could be relatively lower than that of foreign-related cases. Therefore, when Korean companies invested in China use Chinese internal arbitration institution, they should endure low rate of execution. Eighth, considering the operational experiences of public policy on foreign-related arbitration awards so far, in cases of Chinese internal arbitration award, the possibility of cancellation of arbitral award or the possibility to refuse to execute the award due to public policy is thought to be higher than that of foreign arbitral awards. Ninth, even though a treaty on judicial assistance in civil and commercial matters has been signed between Korea and China, and it includes a provision on acknowledgement and enforcement of arbitral award, when trying to resolve disputes through Chinese internal arbitration institution, the treaty would not be a big help to resolve the disputes, because the disputes between Korean companies invested in China and the party in China are not subject to the treaty. Tenth, considering recent tendency of conciliation by the arbitral tribunal in China and the voluntary execution rate of the parties, the system of conciliation by the arbitral tribunal is expected to affect as a positive factor the Korean companies that use Chinese internal arbitration institution. Finally, when using online arbitration, arbitration fees can be reduced, and if the arbitration commissions guaranteeing party autonomy have online arbitration system, the possibility of getting impartial arbitration award through them is higher. Therefore, the use of online arbitration system is recommended.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover the present situation of fashion journalism, which is a collaborator and watchdog of the fast-growing fashion business industry, then to proffer fundamental data for the setting of desirable fashion journalism in the field of newspaper. Unlike magazine and internet news service which are focused on a specific group, daily newspaper has a far-reaching influence without regarding the age, gender and social status of the readers. Therefore, how newspaper deals with fashion and fashion phenomena has immense influence on the attitude and understanding of common people on fashion. Defining fashion journalism is an activity of gathering and mediating of various ideas and opinions on fashion, the beginning of fashion journalism of newspaper traces back to the late of 19th century. From then to the period of Japan's occupancy by force, newspaper used fashion articles to lead enlightenment of lifestyle. After Korean War, newspaper was one of the main path of in-flowing western culture and fashion trend till 1970s. During $1980s{\sim}1990s$, fashion articles in newspaper were separated from woman and family section and fashion journalism made their own way to a specialized field. In the beginning of 21st century, fashion journalism in the field of newspaper is armed with more various and profound contents then ever, but it is also true fashion journalism is not free from accusation of commercialization and agitation of preference on imported luxury goods. Today fashion articles of daily newspapers are not subordinated to the common idea, 'fashion is only for women'. Fashion articles deals with men as well as women. Information on new products is regarded more important than fashion trend. Articles are not restricted in the fashion section. It means fashion journalism is expanding its territory to business section, opinion section and so on. However, fashion news dealing with aged people or young children are very rare. It suggests target readers of fashion news are concentrated on the people who have a considerable buying power. An main article usually has more than 3 photos. That means not only photos in fashion news are established as essential visual information today but also commercialization of fashion news makes rapid progress in this field. Also the considerable dependancy on the information sources from manufacturing side can be a problem of sustaining accuracy and impartiality of news.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.189-204
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 웨딩산업에 종사하는 리더의 변혁적 리더십이 직원들의 행동에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있으며, 그 과정에서 직원들이 느끼는 공정성 지각이 자신들의 행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 사용된 자료는 SPSS 21k, Amos 19 통계패키지를 이용하여 자료를 분석하였으며 연구 가설을 검증하였다. 가설 1인 웨딩산업에 종사하는 리더의 변혁적 리더십과 직원들의 조직시민행동과의 영향관계를 검증한 결과 변혁적 리더십은 직원의 조직시민행동에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 웨딩산업에 종사하고 있는 리더는 직원들의 조직시민행동을 유인할 수 있는 전략과 모티베이션 노력이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 가설 2를 검증한 결과 변혁적 리더십은 직원들의 공정성의 지각에 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 리더의 변혁적 리더십의 발휘는 직원들이 분배 절차적 공정성에 만족하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 가설 3은 직원들의 공정성 지각과 조직시민행동과의 영향관계에 대한 것으로 분석 결과 직원들의 공정성 지각이 조직시민행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 가설 3은 채택되었다. 가설 4는 변혁적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 직원의 공정성 지각이 매개효과를 발휘하고 있는지를 검증하였는데 분석 결과 부분매개효과를 발휘하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 가설 4는 채택되었다. 따라서 웨딩산업에 종사하는 리더는 직원들의 조직시민행동을 유인하기 위해서 변혁적 리더십을 발휘해야 하며 직원들이 평소 공정한 대우를 받고 있다는 느낌을 가질 수 있도록 많은 노력이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 향후 논의에서는 이런 부분에 대한 구체적인 실천방안에 대한 심도 깊은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-124
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• 2007

The legal systems and open-door policies to foreign affairs in North Korea have been followed by those of China. Whereas an arbitration system of South Korea accepted most parts of UNCITRAL Model Law, North Korea has succeeded to an arbitration system of a socialist country. China, under the arbitration system of socialist country, enacted an arbitration act reflected from UNCITRAL Model Law for keeping face with international trends. We have used these three arbitration system as a tool for analyzing an arbitration system in North Korea. With an open-door policy, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act to provide a legal security. Therefore, the core parts of arbitration system in North Korea and China are based on a socialist system while those of South Korea is on liberalism. So, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act on the basis of institutional arbitration, on the other side, South Korea is based on ad-hoc arbitration. Because of these characters, in terms of party autonomy, it is recognized with the order as South Korea, China and North Korea. Also North Korea enacted separate 'Foreign Economic Arbitration Act' to resolve disputes arising out of foreign economies including commercial things and investments. There are differences in arbitration procedures and appointment of arbitrators : South Korea recognizes parties' autonomy, however parties should follow the arbitration rules of arbitration institutes in North Korea and China. According to an appointment of arbitrators, if parties fail to appoint co-arbitrators or chief arbitrators by a mutual agreement, the court has the right to appoint them. In case of following KCAB's rules, KCAB secretariats take a scoring system by providing a list of candidates. A party has to appoint arbitrators out of the lists provided by arbitration board(or committee) in North Korea. If a party may fail to appoint a chief arbitrator, President of International Trade Arbitration Board(or Committee) may appoint it. In China, if parties fail to appoint a co-arbitrator or a chief arbitrator by a mutual agreement, Secretary general will decide it. If a arbitral tribunal fails to give a final award by a majority decision, a chief arbitrator has the right for a final decision making. These arbitration systems in North Korea and China are one of concerns that our companies take into account in conducting arbitration procedures inside China. It is only possible for a party to enforce a final arbitral award when he applies an arbitration inside North Korea according to International Trade Arbitration Act because North Korea has not joined the New York Convention. It's doubtful that a party might be treated very fairly in arbitration procedures in North Korea because International Trade Promotion Commission controls(or exercises its rights against) International Trade Arbitration Commission(or Board).

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제66권
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• pp.110-132
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• 2014

본고에서는 숱한 논란에 휩싸여 온 한국 공영 방송의 공정 보도에 관한 개념 정립 및 공정 보도 재단을 위한 모델 구축에 나섰다. 이에 따라 공영 방송의 공정 보도가 중립성, 균형성, 불편부당성을 주요 가치로 내세우는 공론(公論)과 사실성 및 사회적 다양성, 사회적 약자 보호 등의 다원적 가치를 내세우는 정론(正論)의 이원적 개념으로 구성돼 있다고 보고, 공론과 정론이 고르게 발달한 경우는 '목양자' 언론으로, 공론과 정론 가운데 한쪽으로 무게 중심이 더 치우친 경우는 각각 '곡예사'과 '호민관' 언론으로, 마지막으로 공론, 정론 모두 취약한 경우는 '나팔수' 언론 모델로 규정지었다. 이후, 본고에서는 방송학회 회원들을 대상으로 박근혜 정부를 포함해 3개 정부 하에서의 공영 방송의 공정 보도에 대한 설문 조사를 실시해 방송 전문가들이 인식하는 한국 공영 방송의 공정 보도는 위의 네 모델 가운데 어느 쪽에 가까운지 분석해 보았다. 조사 결과, 방송학회 회원들이 인식하는 한국 공영 방송의 공정 보도는 노무현 정부 당시에 비해 이명박과 박근혜 정부 하에서 상대적으로 낮은 평가를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 공론과 정론 양쪽을 고르게 아우르는 '목양자' 언론 모델보다 공론과 정론 모두에 있어 취약성을 보이는 '나팔수' 언론 모델에 가까운 것으로 분석됐다. 방송학회 회원들은 또, 한국 공영 방송의 공정 보도가 중립성과 균형성, 형평성과 불편부당성에 상대적인 무게 중심을 두고 있다고 응답함으로써 한국 공영 방송의 공정 보도는 '곡예사' 언론 모델의 특성도 띠고 있는 것으로 분석됐다.