• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.369-375
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• 2022

Due to the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, railway service management has also faced an unprecedented situation over the past. This study conducted a survey of customers using high-speed railways during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the impact of infectious diseases on the railway service customer experience. As a result, customer satisfaction and loyalty increase as customers are more aware of the quarantine-related services provided by railway operators. The moderating role of customer's COVID-19 risk perception was examined as well because there are individual differences in the level of thinking dangerously about Covid-19. As a result, the perceived level of the service's quarantine-related services has a significant impact on customer satisfaction when the customer's risk perception of Covid-19 is at an appropriate level, but its impact is relatively weak when the customer's risk perception is significantly high. Eventually, only the complete extinction of COVID-19 risk will bring a complete recovery to the service industry. Nevertheless, during the epidemic period, it was confirmed that the main service characteristics are that the service operator thoroughly conducts quarantine activities and faithfully communicates with customers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

COVID-19, which is currently in vogue, is a pandemic with the largest number of deaths since the establishment of the "World Health Organization". It is also expected to have a significant impact on countless construction projects. After COVID-19 hit the construction industry, the risk that they needed to cover, decreased every year. However, the prolonged COVID-19 increased the risks of air delays, material supply, and economic losses. The exact measurements will be needed to be identified and the risks of the current construction projects must have a mitigated risk with a greater proportion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze and identify the risks that have influenced construction projects to the domestic construction companies due to COVID-19. Based on the risks of the previous construction projects, risk case studies, and risks related to COVID-19, are extracted through surveys, weights. Each risk factor are calculated based on the AHP analysis technique. Thus, it is expected that the results of the risk research on construction projects will change due to COVID-19. It will be presented to cope with the current situation and later pandemic situations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.164-170
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• 2020

Recently, the aviation industry faced a major crisis due to the impact of COVID-19. However, despite the sluggish passenger transportation, the cargo transportation sector is relatively maintained or increasing depending on the item. In this study, we will look at the trends before and after COVID-19, focusing on the cargo export field, which is a concern of the aviation industry. First, it analyzes the entire air cargo and then analyzes the trends of each item and country in detail. In particular, it examines the process of changes in air transport costs, which increased significantly immediately after COVID-19, and conducts future trends and prospects in the cargo export field. As a result of the study, some characteristics of air cargo exports before and after COVID-19 were found in an analysis by item and country, and transportation costs varied according to route distance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.304-311
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, awareness and performance of COVID-19 infection control among physical therapists and to identify the impact factors on performance Methods: Data were collected from March 16th to March 24th in 2022 from the physical therapist's in Busan. Data analysis was conducted on 170 surveys, after excluding 27 surveys that were found to be unsuitable for data analysis. Results: When correlating the study variables, knowledge and awareness were found to have a positive, meaningful correlation with performance. Performance of COVID-19 personal infection control regression analysis showed that the working department (clinic and long-term care hospital), clinical experience, the more knowledgeable, the awareness (personal), and the more clinical experience had significant positive impacts on the performance of COVID-19 infection control. Performance of COVID-19 treatment room infection control regression analysis showed that the working department (long-term care hospital), educational experience, the awareness (treatment room) had significant positive impacts on the performance of COVID-19 infection control Conclusion: The results of this study may be used as basic data for educating physical therapist's working at the COVID-19 response department. This study suggests that physical therapist's need educational programs to improve their knowledge and awareness and performance of infection control against infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Differentiated physical therapists practice education curricula must be developed and provided after understanding the varying characteristic of physical therapist's with different levels of work experience.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.165-172
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• 2021

The COVID-19, the most infectious pandemic disease arising due to SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has caused huge issues globally. In this review, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on the immune system of the human body and the protective mechanisms of the host immune system opposing viral infections. Here, we summarize the effect of the pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease on the immune system such as sleep and Behavioral Immune System (BIS) together with consideration of researcher's observation points of view. We draw particular attention to recent up-to-date reports concerning COVID-19 drugs as well as information about the landscape document for COVID-19 vaccines released by WHO (World Health Organization), and some adverse events of COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, can take part in the preventive appraise in opposition within this pandemic severe COVID-19 infections disease may affect some outcome in physical exercise, physical movement, healthy diets, and good nutrition are significant for supporting the immune systems and summarize AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) Indian medicinal systems guidelines for immunity boosting procedures during COVID-19 pandemic.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

This study intends to analyze the impact of the country of origin on the intention to ingest COVID-19 vaccinations by measuring Vietnamese people's perceptions of India in the manufacture of COVID-19 vaccines. The research is done using a quantitative method, and primary data was obtained using a conventional manner based on the willingness of the research respondents, who are Vietnamese persons aged 18 and up, to contribute information. The findings revealed that perceived brand association and perceived brand quality directly positively impact the COVID-19 vaccine's consumption intention and willingness. Meanwhile, while the perceived country image component has no direct effect on consumption intention, it does have a positive indirect effect on consumption intention through perceived brand linkage and perceived brand quality. The findings also emphasize the importance and significance of a country's image in brand association and quality perception. The study's findings imply that to increase consumers' willingness to buy India's COVID-19 vaccination, the country should develop communication initiatives to improve consumer perceptions of the country's image, the perceived value of the brand association, and brand quality.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.187-206
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• 2020

Under the on-going evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, estimating the economic impact of the pandemic is highly uncertain and challenging. This situation makes it difficult for policymakers, governors, and economic entities to formulate appropriate responses and decision makings. To provide useful information about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Korean economy, this study examined macroeconomic impact analysis stemming from the pandemic shocks with different scenarios for the Korean economy. Based on three scenarios using the growth rate of 2020 GDP and consumer expenditure patterns, the 2021 GDP by industry sector was forecast with two new approaches. First, the recovering process of the Korean economy from the shock was analyzed by applying a Flex-IO method. Second, a new forecasting approach combined with an IO coefficient matrix was applied to forecast the future GDP changes. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, the total GDP growth rate under the Pessimistic Scenario demonstrates less rebound from the shock than that of the Base Scenario. Second, agriculture, culture, and tourism-related sectors that are suffering from the severe losses of COVID-19 showed lower resilience than other different industries. Third, information and communications technology (ICT) industry maintains a stable growth trend and is expected to take the leading role for the Korean economy in the post-COVID-19 and the Industry 4.0 eras. The findings deliver that it needs to analyze how government expenditure responding the shock into the forecasting model, which can be more useful and reliable to simulate the resilience from the pandemic.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2020

As the COVID-19 outbreak has prolonged, social distancing movements are encouraged and non-face-to-face lifestyle trends are spreading. As a result, it is necessary for general restaurants and small marts to provide delivery services like large-scale distribution companies. Large distribution companies have also suffered significant economic losses from COVID-19 because epidemiological investigations were conducted after the distribution center was closed due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in several large domestic distribution companies. In this thesis, in order to examine whether COVID-19 actually affects distribution companies, we attempt to understand the relationship between the number of confirmed cases per month and the sales share and growth rate by categories of distribution companies.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.76-101
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• 2022

Despite the increasing use of digital media and their powerful impact on risk management during recent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, the question of how digital media exposure influences preventive behaviors has not been fully explained. Using the appraisal tendency framework and protection motivation theory as theoretical frameworks, we theorized the affective and cognitive mechanisms under which the differential roles of three negative emotions (fear, anger, worry) on two cognitive appraisals (perceived threat and perceived efficacy) were examined. Based on data collected from a survey of 1,500 South Koreans during the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that while worry and anger increased perceived efficacy, fear reduced perceived efficacy. The results also showed that although exposure to COVID-19 information via digital formats increased preventive behavioral intention in general, digital media use for COVID-19 information had a negative influence on preventive behavioral intention through the sequential mediation of fear and perceived efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.91-104
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to review the impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection during pregnancy and the applicability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Methods: We searched 6 data bases on August, 2022 and articles about the impact of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, TCM treatment of COVID-19 infection, TCM treatment of pregnancy common cold (姙娠 感冒) or cough (姙娠 咳嗽) were reviewed. Results: COVID-19 infection can bring out negative effects both on pregnant women and fetus. In the case of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, the symptoms and treatment are similar to those of general COVID-19 infection, but the safety of drug intervention has not been completely verified. Herbal medicine treatment can be applied according to the severity, stage and TCM syndrome types of COVID-19 infection, but the prohibited herbs list during pregnancy and its dosage should be checked carefully. Also, when it comes to pregnancy disease, the effect of "Stabilizing Fetus" should be considered in the perspective of TCM treatment strategy. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Scutellariae Radix have been widely used on COVID-19 infection and the safety of them during pregnancy have been verified. In the case of acupuncture treatment, acupoints also can be selected according to the severity, symptoms, and TCM syndrome types of COVID-19, but acupoints with strong Qi sensitivity or acupoints located in lower abdomen should be avoided during pregnancy. Conclusions: TCM treatment can be applied to COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Clinical studies and systematic reviews of the efficacy and safety of TCM treatment on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy are required.