• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-36
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• 2023

The Puebla-Morelos Earthquake (Mw 7.1) occurred in Mexico in 2017 causing 44 buildings to collapse in Mexico City. This work evaluates the non-linear response of a 6-story reinforced concrete (RC) frame prototype model with masonry infill walls on upper floors. The prototype model was designed using provisions prescribed before 1985 and was subjected to seismic excitations recorded during the earthquakes of 1985 and 2017 in different places in Mexico City. The building response was assessed through a damage index (DI) that considers low-cycle fatigue of the steel reinforcement in columns of the first floor, where the steel was modeled including buckling as was observed in cases after the 2017 earthquake. Isocurves were generated with 72 seismic records in Mexico City representing the level of iso-demand on the structure. These isocurves were compared with the location of 16 collapsed (first-floor column failure) building cases consistent with the prototype model. The isocurves for a value greater than 1 demarcate the location where fatigue failure was expected, which is consistent with the location of 2 of the 16 cases studied. However, a slight increase in axial load (5%) or decrease in column cross-section (5%) had a significant detrimental effect on the cumulated damage, increasing the intensity of the isocurves and achieving congruence with 9 of the 16 cases, and having the other 7 cases less than 2 km away. Including column special detailing (tight stirrup spacing and confined concrete) was the variable with the greatest impact to control the cumulated damage, which was consistent with the absence of severe damage in buildings built in the 70s and 80s.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.359-376
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• 2023

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has become an attractive cast-in-place repairing material for existing engineering structures. The present study aims to investigate age-dependent high-early-strength UHPC (HESUHPC) material properties (i.e., compressive strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, and tensile strength) as well as interfacial shear properties of HESUHPC-normal strength concrete (NSC) composites cured at different season temperatures (i.e., summer, autumn, and winter). The typical temperatures were kept for at least seven days in different seasons from weather forecasting to guarantee an approximately consistent curing and testing condition (i.e., temperature and relative humidity) for specimens at different ages. The HESUHPC material properties are tested through standardized testing methods, and the interfacial bond performance is tested through a bi-surface shear testing method. The test results quantify the positive development of HESUHPC material properties at the early age, and the increasing amplitude decreases from summer to winter. Three-day mechanical properties in winter (with the lowest curing temperature) still gain more than 60% of the 28-day mechanical properties, and the impact of season temperatures becomes small at the later age. The HESUHPC shrinkage mainly occurs at the early age, and the final shrinkage value is not significant. The HESUHPC-NSC interface exhibits sound shear performance, the interface in most specimens does not fail, and most interfacial shear strengths are higher than the NSC-NSC composite. The HESUHPC-NSC composites at the shear failure do not exhibit a large relative slip and present a significant brittleness at the failure. The typical failures are characterized by thin-layer NSC debonding near the interface, and NSC pure shear failure. Two load-slip development patterns, and two types of main crack location are identified for the HESUHPC-NSC composites tested in different ages and seasons. In addition, shear capacity of the HESUHPC-NSC composite develops rapidly at the early age, and the increasing amplitude decreases as the season temperature decreases. This study will promote the HESUHPC application in practical engineering as a cast-in-place repairing material subjected to different natural environments.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.21-42
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• 2016

Purpose: Social influence has a decisive role in shaping a person's cognition and behavior. Chinese face consciousness, including moral component, is an important part of Chinese traditional culture, which influences people to implement moral behavior. With both eye-tracking technology and traditional questionnaire, this research aims to explore people's moral psychology and the psychological processing mechanisms of Chinese face consciousness, as well as the impact of Chinese face consciousness on the preference for the ecological product. Method and Data: 75 college and MBA students' eye movement data were collected when they read different kinds of moral materials, as well as data from the subsequent questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, ANOVA analysis and Heat Map analysis were performed. Besides, the PROCESS of bootstrap was used to test mediation effect. Findings: The results reveal that: 1. Compared to the moral-situation reading, when subjects read immoral situations, they need more processing time due to the moral dissonance and cognitive load. 2. Compared to the control condition, when threatened moral self is primed, subjects prefer to choose ecological product. 3. Protective face orientation is the mediator between threatened moral self and preference to ecological product. Key Contributions: First, this study broadens the use of eye-tracking technology in marketing and demonstrates a better understanding of the relationship between morality and consumer behavior in a more scientific way. Second, this study not only distinguishes the meanings between "protective face orientation" and "acquisitive face orientation", but also innovatively validates that when moral self is threatened, consumers tend to choose ecological product as moral compensation in order to protect their face. It can shed light on the promotion of ecological product in practical applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.209-209
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• 2020

환경부 자료에 따르면 1990년대부터 2000년대 후반까지 국내의 도시면적은 696,239㎢ 증가했다. 도시지역에서의 불투수면적이 차지하는 비율은 25% ~ 80%로 적지 않은 비율을 차지한다. 따라서 도시면적이 증가하면 이는 불투수면적의 증가로 이어지며 이로인한 지표유출로 오염물질의 유입이 늘어나게 되면, 수질오염중 비점오염원이 차지하는 비중의 증가한다. 비점오염원으로 인해 발생하는 환경문제를 해결하기 위해 LID(Low Impact Develpment)시설에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 7년간의 선행 연구결과를 바탕으로 LID 시설별 오염물질 저감효율을 비교분석하였다. 용인 삼계리에 위치한 식생수로 오염지표들의 유입, 유출EMC를 토대로 제거 효율에 대한 평가를 해보면 TSS는 46%, BOD는 48%, COD는 56%. TN은 42% 그리고 TP는 58%가 나왔다. 용인 해곡동에 위치한 식생여과대의 경우 TSS는 83%, BOD는 45%, COD는 43%, TN은 39%, 그리고 TP는 62%가 나왔다. 마지막으로 전주에 위치한 식생체류지의 경우 TSS는 100%, BOD는 75%, TOC는 62%, TN은 67% 그리고 TP는 83%가 나왔다. 이들 자료를 바탕으로 효율성 평가를 해보면 먼저 식생수로의 경우 TP 저감 효율이 58%로 가장 높았으며 TN 저감 효율이 42%로 가장 낮았다. 식생여과대의 경우 TSS 저감 효율이 83%로 가장 높았으며 TN 저감 효율이 39%로 가장 낮았다. 마지막으로 식생체류지의 경우 TSS 저감 효율이 100%에 가까운 양질의 제거효율을 보여주었으며, TOC의 경우 67%로 제일 낮은 제거효율을 보였다. 위 결과를 토대로 판단을 해보면 식생체류지가 전반적으로 좋은 지표를 보였으며 대부분의 상황에 양호한 제거효율을 기대할 수 있다고 생각된다. 식생 LID시설은 자연친화적이며 강우유출과 오염물질을 제거할 수 있다는 장점이 있는 반면, 장치형 LID시설에 비해 넓은 부지면적을 필요로 하므로 설치 지역의 특성에 맞게 LID 시설을 시공하는것이 적절하다고 판단된다. 해당 연구결과는 향후 식생형 LID시설을 설계하는데 있어서 기초자료로 반영될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

This study employs three-dimensional simulation through FLAC3D to investigate the impact of installation angles on the dynamic characteristics of Triaxial Micropiles. The numerical model is validated against centrifuge test results to ensure accuracy. The findings reveal significant influences of the installation angle on the dynamic behavior of Triaxial Micropiles. Specifically, under seismic conditions such as the Capetown and San Fernando earthquakes, the lowest recorded values for peak bending moment and settlement occurred at an installation angle of 15 degrees. In contrast, when subjected to an artificial earthquake with a frequency of 2 Hz (Sine 2 Hz), Micropiles installed at 0 degrees exhibited the lowest peak bending moment, maximum axial load, and settlement values.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.413-423
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• 2023

Wind turbines are usually steel hollow structures that can be vulnerable to dramatic failures due to high-intensity wind (HIW) events, which are classified as a category of localized windstorms that includes tornadoes and downbursts. Analyzing Wind Turbines (WT) under tornadoes is a challenging-to-achieve task because tornadoes are much more complicated wind fields compared with the synoptic boundary layer wind fields, considering that the tornado's 3-D velocity components vary largely in space. As a result, the supporting tower of the wind turbine and the blades will experience different velocities depending on the location of the event. Wind farms also extend over a large area so that the probability of a localized windstorm event impacting one or more towers is relatively high. Therefore, the built-in-house numerical code "HIW-WT" has been developed to predict the straining actions on the blades considering the variability of the tornado's location and the blades' pitch angle. The developed HIWWT numerical model incorporates different wind fields that were generated from developed CFD models. The developed numerical model was applied on an actual wind turbine under three different tornadoes that have different tornadic structure. It is found that F2 tornado wind fields present significant hazard for the wind turbine blades and have to be taken into account if the hazardous impact of this type of unexpected load is to be avoided.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.268-275
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• 2023

This paper delves into the crucial realm of support structures in metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes and their direct impact on the stiffness of printed components. With the continuous evolution of AM technologies, optimizing support structures has become imperative to enhance the overall quality and performance of manufactured metal parts. Therefore, in this study, tensile specimens were manufactured using various representative support design variables such as support type, spacing, and penetration depth, and the differences in displacement-load curve were analyzed though tensile test. Using additively manufactured support shaped tensile specimen, the paper presents a comprehensive examination of the effect of support parameters on their stiffness. The findings contribute to advancing the understanding how to design supports to suppress thermal deformation of metal parts during AM process, thereby paving the way for enhanced design freedom and functional performance in the ever-expanding field of AM.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2024

Purpose: In-hospital cardiac arrest is rare, but often results in high mortality rates. Early and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for survival and nurses are often the first responders. This study aimed to investigate how inter-professional attitudes and educational burdens affect self-efficacy related to CPR performance following team-based CPR simulation training. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed data from a satisfaction survey conducted after team-based CPR training sessions between January and November 2022. Of the 454 nurses surveyed, 238 were included in the study after excluding those with ambiguous responses. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess factors influencing CPR self-efficacy. The factors examined included inter-professional attitudes and educational burden. Results: Higher levels of inter-professional attitudes, particularly regarding teamwork roles and responsibilities, lower educational burden, and a positive perception of CPR competence were all associated with improved CPR-related self-efficacy. Participants who reported higher engagement in teamwork, lower task load, and greater confidence in their CPR abilities demonstrated higher self-efficacy in performing CPR. Conclusion: Enhancing the competencies of nurses who may act as initial responders in CPR situations within or outside hospital settings can help save lives and support public health.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2024

To investigate the seismic performance of steel pipe-aeolian sand recycled concrete columns, this study designed and produced five specimens. Low-cycle repeated load tests were conducted while maintaining a constant axial compression ratio. The experiment aimed to examine the impact of different aeolian sand replacement rates on the seismic performance of these columns. The test results revealed that the mechanical failure modes of the steel pipe-recycled concrete column and the steel pipe-aeolian sand recycled concrete column were similar. Plastic hinges formed and developed at the column foot, and severe local buckling occurred at the bottom of the steel pipe. Interestingly, the bulging height of the damaged steel pipe was reduced for the specimen mixed with an appropriate amount of wind-deposited sand under the same lateral displacement. The hysteresis curves of all five specimens tested were relatively full, with no significant pinching phenomenon observed. Moreover, compared to steel tube-recycled concrete columns, the steel tube-aeolian sand recycled concrete columns exhibited improved seismic energy dissipation capacity and ductility. However, it was noted that as the aeolian sand replacement rate increased, the bearing capacity of the specimen increased first and then decreased. The seismic performance of the specimen was relatively optimal when the aeolian sand replacement rate was 30%. Upon analysis and comparison, the damage analysis model based on stiffness and energy consumption showed good agreement with the test results and proved suitable for evaluating the damage degree of steel pipe-wind-sand recycled concrete structures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 2024

The measurement of pile bearing capacity is crucial for the design of pile foundations, where in-situ tests could be costly and time needed. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the potential use of fuzzy-based techniques to anticipate the maximum weight that concrete driven piles might bear. Despite the existence of several suggested designs, there is a scarcity of specialized studies on the exploration of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) for the estimation of pile bearing capacity. This paper presents the introduction and validation of a novel technique that integrates the fire hawk optimizer (FHO) and equilibrium optimizer (EO) with the ANFIS, referred to as ANFIS_FHO and ANFIS_EO, respectively. A comprehensive compilation of 472 static load test results for driven piles was located within the database. The recommended framework was built, validated, and tested using the training set (70%), validation set (15%), and testing set (15%) of the dataset, accordingly. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis is performed in order to determine the impact of each input on the output. The results show that ANFIS_FHO and ANFIS_EO both have amazing potential for precisely calculating pile bearing capacity. The R² values obtained for ANFIS_FHO were 0.9817, 0.9753, and 0.9823 for the training, validating, and testing phases. The findings of the examination of uncertainty showed that the ANFIS_FHO system had less uncertainty than the ANFIS_EO model. The research found that the ANFIS_FHO model provides a more satisfactory estimation of the bearing capacity of concrete driven piles when considering various performance evaluations and comparing it with existing literature.