• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2006

Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyolefinic mixed waste plastics/filler composites were investigated by using inorganic flame retardant(magnesium hydroxide) and PUB(polyurethane block) powder generated from cryogenic insulation process. All composites were obtained by extrusion and after compression molding. The effect of PUB powder on the properties of the composites was studied by tensile and izod impact test, morphology studies and flammability as LOI and UL94 vertical burning test and smoke density. The objective of this work is to obtain good mechanical properties from recycled PP composites with $Mg(OH)_{2}/PUB$ powder as fillers and optimum cost-performance balance, in addition to flame retardant characteristics.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2014

This article presents the successful surgical management of a failed mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) orthograde obturation of a tooth with a history of impact trauma and perforated internal root resorption. A symptomatic maxillary lateral incisor with a history of perforation due to internal root resorption and nonsurgical repair using MTA was referred. Unintentional overfill of the defect with MTA had occurred 4 yr before the initial visit. The excess MTA had since disappeared, and a radiolucent lesion adjacent to the perforation site was evident radiographically. Surgical endodontic retreatment was performed using calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement as a repair material. Histological examination of the lesion revealed granulation tissue with chronic inflammation, and small fragments of MTA encapsulated within fibroconnective tissue. At the one and two year follow up exams, all signs and symptoms of disease had resolved and the tooth was functional. Complete radiographic healing of the lesion was observed two years after the initial visit. This case report illustrates how the selection of an appropriate approach to treatment of a perforation can affect the long term prognosis of a tooth. In addition, extrusion of MTA into a periradicular lesion should be avoided.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2012

허니컴 샌드위치 복합재는 가볍고 강하며, 제작하기가 편리한 장점이 있어 철도차량 차체에 적용되기 시작하였다. 보통 중량감소량은 27%에 달하나, 재료비가 알루미늄 압출재에 비해 높기 때문에 차체에 널리 적용되지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 두 가지 경량화 재질에 대하여 제작 과정을 고찰하고 원가를 분류하여 과거 자료를 기초로한 경제성을 분석하였다. 복합재 차체의 재료비 상승분을 제작의 용이성으로 상쇄할 수 있으며, 대량생산에 따른 장비비를 저감하면 알루미늄 차체에 비해 경쟁력을 가질 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 지하철 노선의 통계자료를 참고로 하여 중량 감소에 따른 운행 에너지 감소량도 제시하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.13
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess whether the amount of extruded debris differs for straight and severely curved root canals during retreatment using H-files, R-Endo, Reciproc and ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTU-R) files. Additionally, the area of residual filling material was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Severely curved (n = 104) and straight (n = 104) root canals of maxillary molar teeth were prepared with WaveOne Primary file and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Root canal filling materials were removed with one of the preparation techniques: group 1: H-file; group 2: R-Endo; group 3: Reciproc; group 4: PTU-R (n = 26). The amount of extruded material and the area of the residual filling material was measured. The data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 1-way ANOVA at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Except for Reciproc group (p > 0.05), PTU-R, R-Endo, and H-file systems extruded significantly more debris in severely curved canals (p < 0.05). Each file system caused more residual filling material in severely curved canals than in straight ones (p < 0.05). Conclusions: All instruments used in this study caused apical debris extrusion. Root canal curvature had an effect on extruded debris, except for Reciproc system. Clinicians should be aware that the difficult morphology of the severely curved root canals is a factor increasing the amount of extruded debris during the retreatment procedure.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2024

Polypropylene (PP) is a commodity plastic that is widely used owing to its cost-effectiveness, lightweight nature, easy processability, and outstanding chemical and thermomechanical characteristics. However, the imperative to address energy and environmental crises has spurred global initiatives toward a circular economy, necessitating sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil-fuel-derived plastics. In this study, we conducted a series of comparative investigations of bio-based polypropylene (bio-PP) blends with current PP of the same and different grades. An extrusion-based processing methodology was employed for the bio-PP composites. Talc was used as an active filler for the preparation of the composites. A comparative analysis with the current petroleum-based PP indicated that the thermal properties and tensile characteristics of the bio-PP blends and composites remained largely unaltered, signifying the feasibility of bio-PP as a potential substitute for the current PP. To achieve a higher Young's modulus, elongation at break (EAB), and melt flow index (MFI), we prepared different composites of PP of different grades and bio-PP with varying talc contents. Interestingly, at higher biomass contents, the composites exhibited higher MFI and EAB values with comparable Young's moduli. Notably, the impact strengths of the composites with various biomass and talc contents remained unaltered. In-depth investigations through surface analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of talc within the composite matrix. Furthermore, the moldability of the bio-PP composites was substantiated by comprehensive rheological property assessments encompassing shear rate and shear viscosity. Thus, from these outcomes, the fabricated bio-PP-based composites could be an alternative to petroleum-based PP composites for sustainable automobile applications.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 폐기되는 고전압용 전선으로부터 얻어질 수 있는 XLPE(crosslinked polyethylene)의 재활용에 관하여 고찰하였다. XLPE 스크랩 및 폐기물의 분쇄를 위해 약 $100{\mu}m$ 이하부터 약 $1000{\mu}m$까지 입자크기의 조절이 가능한 두 종류의 분쇄기를 사용하였다. 모듈라 치합형 동방향회전 이축 스크류식 압출기(modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder)를 이용하여 폐 XLPE의 조성, 폐 XLPE의 입자크기 및 종류, 스크류 조합, 매트릭스 수지의 종류(LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS) 조건을 변화시키면서 배합물을 제조하고 그들의 기계적 및 유변학적 특성과 파단면을 조사하였다. 일반적으로 내외 전도층을 포함한 폐 XLPE 배합물의 충격강도는 내외 전도층을 제외한 배합물보다 충격강도가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, XLPE의 함량이 증가하고 입자크기가 작아 질수록 배합물의 충격강도가 증가하였다. 특히, LDPF의 경우 XLPE를 약 80 wt%까지 충전하여도 정상조건의 압출공정이 가능하였다. 스크류조합에 따른 배합물의 충격강도는 니딩디스크 블록(kneading disc block)의 수가 많을수록 높은 값을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 XLPE의 양이 증가할수록 배합물의 용융점도가 증가하였으나, 압출 전단속도 범위에서 shear thinning 경향을 나타내었다. 폐 XLPE를 범용 고분자수지와 혼합할 경우, LDPE, HDPE, PP 및 PS 모든 배합물에서 충격강도가 증가하였다. 특히, PS/XLPE 배합물의 경우에는 충격강도가 2 배정도 향상되는 효과를 보여주었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 Polycarbonate (PC)/Poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS)의 충격강도에 대한 말레인산 무수물(maleic anhydride, MAH)이 그라프트(graft)된 ABS (ABS-g-MAH)의 영향과 graphene oxide (GO)의 첨가에 의한 영향을 고찰하였다. 상용화제로 ABS-g-MAH가 적용된 PC/ABS 블렌드(blend)와 PC/ABS/GO 복합체의 제조에는 이축압출기(twin screw extruder)를 사용하였으며 상용화제인 ABS-g-MAH는 DCP (dicumyl peroxide)를 개시제로 이축압출기에서 제조하였다. FT-IR 스펙트럼의 $1780cm^{-1}$ 근처에서 나타나는 카보닐기(C=O)의 존재 여부를 통해 ABS-g-MAH 제조를 확인하였다. ABS-g-MAH 함량별로 제조된 PC/ABS 블렌드의 열적, 유변학적, 충격특성 측정결과 5 phr을 ABS-g-MAH의 최적 함량으로 선정하였다. 상용화제를 5 phr (parts per hundred resin)로 고정하고 GO의 함량을 0.5, 1, 3, 5 phr로 변화하면서 물성변화를 고찰하였다. PC/ABS/GO 복합체의 분해온도는 증가하였고, 아이조드(Izod) 충격강도는 유사하거나 감소하였으며, ABS/GO를 이용한 복합체의 아이조드 충격강도는 소폭 증가하는 것을 TGA 분석결과와 아이조드 충격시험을 통해 확인하였다. 가공특성을 살펴보기 위해 동적유변분석기를 이용하여 복소점도(complex viscosity)를 측정한 결과, 상용화제를 포함하는 PC/ABS 블렌드의 복소점도는 증가하였으나, GO의 첨가에 의한 복소점도 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2019

In this study, aliphatic polyketone (PK)/chopped carbon fiber (CCF) composites with various CCF contents were prepared using a modular intermeshing co-rotating twin screw extruder, and their mechanical and thermal properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strength and thermal conductivity were investigated. The amount of CCF was increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The tensile and flexural strength of the PK/CCF composites increased as the CCF content increased, but the elongation at break and impact strength was lower than that of pure PK. Thermal properties such as heat distortion temperature and thermal conductivity increased as the CCF content increased. Morphological observations revealed that fiber orientation and interface adhesion between the PK and the CCF in the PK/CCF composites were formed due to the twin screw extrusion, which contributed to improving the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2014

자동차 산업의 발달과 함께 환경오염 문제가 심각해지면서 연간 300,000톤 이상 발생하는 폐타이어의 재활용에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 폐타이어 재활용을 목적으로 40, 80, 140 mesh 크기의 폐타이어 분말을 선별한 후, 입도 분석을 통하여 크기를 확인하고 그 형상을 SEM을 통해 관찰하였다. 또한 각각의 폐타이어 분말을 Virgin PP와 혼합하고 Intermeshing Corotating Twin Screw Extruder를 이용하여 TPV를 제조하고 특성 분석을 하였다. 이 중 효과가 좋은 140 mesh의 폐타이어 분말과 Virgin PP, Waste PP, PP-g-MA 세 가지 종류의 매트릭스를 다양한 비율로 혼합하여 TPV를 제조한 후 UTM을 통한 인장강도, 연신율과 Izod impact로 충격강도 등을 측정하였고 TGA로 열안정성을 확인하였다. 또한 SEM을 통하여 폐타이어 분말의 분산정도 및 파단면을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this clinical trial was to explore the impact of intentional passive eruption (IPE) using occlusal reduction on the periodontal parameters of teeth with moderate chronic periodontitis and traumatic occlusion. Methods: This study was performed on 40 teeth from 16 subjects. At baseline, 4 weeks after initial periodontal treatment, and 6 months after IPE, clinical and radiographic examinations were performed. The 20 teeth in the test group underwent IPE using occlusal reduction, whereas the 20 control teeth did not undergone occlusal reduction. Results: All the periodontal parameters were improved by the initial periodontal treatment. The teeth in the test group showed a significantly greater decrease in pocket depth, tooth mobility, and marginal bone loss than did the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant changes in the attachment level. Significantly greater improvements in all the parameters were observed in the test group after 6 months of IPE compared to 4 weeks after the initial periodontal treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, performing initial periodontal therapy combined with IPE using occlusal reduction was shown to be very simple and effective. Moreover, IPE would be helpful in improving periodontal parameters.