• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.922-929
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• 1997

Relapsing polychondritis is a systemic disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation and degeneration of cartilaginous tissue throughout the body. The association with HLA-DR4 and the occurrence of antibodies to type II collagen and other autoantibodies suggest that an immunologic mechanism is involved in its pathogenesis. The eyes, ears, nose, larynx, trachea and articular areas are commonly involved. Airway narrowing or collapse from respiratory tract involvement occurs in up to 50% of patients with relapsing polychondritis. Treatment consists of administration of corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory and immunosuppresive drugs. We experienced a case of relapsing polychondritis involving the tracheobronchial tree, nose and ears in a 49-year-old woman. The patient was clinically and histologically diagnosed as relapsing polychondritis according to McAdam's and Damiani's criteria. We report this case with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Botulinum toxins are the most potent toxins known to mankind. Botulinum toxin acts by blocking the cholinergic neuromuscular or the cholinergic autonomic innervation of exocrine glands and smooth muscles. Seven distinct antigenic botulinum toxins (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) produced by different strains of Clostridium botulinum have been described and only A and B type of botulinum toxins were clinically used. Toxins were consisted of a heavy chain with a molecular weight of 100 kD and a light chain with a molecular weight of 50 kD. Toxins are bound with an astounding selectivity to glycoprotein structures located on the cholinergic nerve terminal. Subsequently light chain of toxin is internalized and cleaves different proteins of the acetylcholine transport protein cascade transporting the acetylcholine vesicle from the intracellular space into the synaptic cleft. After a decade of therapeutic application of the toxin, no anaphylaxis or deaths have been reported and systemic adverse effects have not been reported so far. However the toxin's immunologic properties can lead to the stimulation of antibody production, potentially rendering further treatments ineffective. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment. Use of botulinum toxin in clinical medicine has grown exponentially in recent years, and many parts of the human body are now being targeted for therapeutic purposes.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.846-856
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• 2010

Objective : Allergic disease, a very common chronic illness that affects all ages of patients, has been well characterized as an IgE-dependent immunologic response. Recently, interest has grown about the late inflammatory reaction as well as the early one characterized by IgE and mast cells in allergic disease. The purpose of this study was to find the anti-inflammatory effect of Taeeumjowui-tang (Taiyintiaowei-tang) in allergic reaction. Methods : The experiment was performed using Raw 264.7 cells pretreated with Taeeumjowui-tang contents extracts. The results were measured for different concentrations of Taeeumjowui-tang extracts (100, 200, $300{\mu}g$/ml): the toxicity and proliferation of cells by MTT analysis, LPS-induced NO production using Griess reagent and IL-6/ TNF-${\alpha}$ production, which is a significant criteria for diagnosing allergic reaction. Results : No toxicity of Taeeumjowui-tang (100, 200, $300{\mu}g$/ml) on Raw 264.7 cells was found after 24 hours incubation. LPS-induced NO production was reduced after treatment with Taeeumjowui-tang (100, 200, $300{\mu}g$/ml)(P<0.001). IL-6 decreased only at $100{\mu}g$/ml(P<0.05). TNF-${\alpha}$ production decreased only at $300{\mu}g$/ml, but still statistically insignificant. There was no relationship between any components of Taeeumjowui-tang alone and inhibition of NO production. Conclusions : These data suggest that Taeeumjowui-tang has anti-inflammatory effects in allergic reaction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2005

Following a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flap breast reconstruction, denervated state of the flap causes the flap skin prone to thermal injury, calling for special attention. During the last 5 years, 69 breast reconstruction with 72 free TRAM flaps, were performed. Four out of thesse 69 patients sustained burn injury. Heat sources were a warm bag(n=2), heating pad(n=1) and warming light (n=1). The thermal injuries occured from 2 days to 3 months following the reconstruction. Three patients healed with conservative treatment, but one patient required debridement and skin graft. Initially 3 out of 4 patients with the burn had shown superficial 2nd degree burn with small blebs or bullae. However all 4 patients healed with scars. Mechanism of burn injuries of the denervated flap are known to be resulting from; 1) loss of behavioral protection due to denervation of flap with flap elevation and transfer, 2) loss of autonomic thermoregulatory control with heat dissipation on skin flap vasculature contributing to susceptibility of burn injury. 3) changes of immunologic and normal inflammatory response increasing thromboxane, and a fall in substance P & NGF (nerve growth factor). Including the abdominal flap donor site, sensory recovery of the reconstructed breast varies individually from 6 month even to 5 years postoperatively. During this period, wound healing is delayed, resulting in easier scarring compared to that observed in the sensate skin. Patients should be carefully informed and warned of possible burn injuries and taught to avoid exposure to heat source at least until 3 years postoperatively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.403-407
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• 2005

Following a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flap breast reconstruction, denervated state of the flap causes the flap skin prone to thermal injury, calling for special attention. During the last 5 years, 69 breast reconstruction with 72 free TRAM flaps, were performed. Four out of thesse 69 patients sustained burn injury. Heat sources were a warm bag(n=2), heating pad(n=1) and warming light (n=1). The thermal injuries occured from 2 days to 3 months following the reconstruction. Three patients healed with conservative treatment, but one patient required debridement and skin graft. Initially 3 out of 4 patients with the burn had shown superficial 2nd degree burn with small blebs or bullae. However all 4 patients healed with scars. Mechanism of burn injuries of the denervated flap are known to be resulting from; 1) loss of behavioral protection due to denervation of flap with flap elevation and transfer, 2) loss of autonomic thermoregulatory control with heat dissipation on skin flap vasculature contributing to susceptibility of burn injury. 3) changes of immunologic and normal inflammatory response increasing thromboxane, and a fall in substance P & NGF (nerve growth factor). Including the abdominal flap donor site, sensory recovery of the reconstructed breast varies individually from 6 month even to 5 years postoperatively. During this period, wound healing is delayed, resulting in easier scarring compared to that observed in the sensate skin. Patients should be carefully informed and warned of possible burn injuries and taught to avoid exposure to heat source at least until 3 years postoperatively.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 1991

Etiologic classification was performed in 155 patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion history. The incidence was 9.3% among 1658 pregnant women at Hanyang university hospital during the same period. In etiologic classification, 37 cases of on-going patients for diagnostic evaluation were excluded. Of the remained 118 patients, the patients with unknown etiology were 32 cases (27.1%), and 86 cases were classified into each etiologies using appropriate diagnostic modalities. Anatomic causes were the largest etiology, which revealed 46.6% (55 among 118 patients). The next etiology was immunologic cause, which revealed 24.6% (29 patients). Of the 86 patients who have at least one cause, 40.7% (35 among 86) have two or more etiologies. Furthermore, six cases (7%) have 3 combined etiologies. The uterine synechia and/or incompetent internal os of the cervix, namaly anatomic causes, revealed highest combination ratio than other etilogies. The popular abortion technique in Korea, D&C, seems to be main factors for these anatmic causes. The combined causes rather than single cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion were unique situation in Korea especially with anatomic etiologies. From this point of view, we think anatomic etiologies should be rule out first in the evaluation of the patients. For this purpose, we believe hysteroscopy would be helpful as a diagnostic work-up and treatment modality in the management of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

Macrophages play an important role in the first line of immunologic effects against tumor cells. The effects of nonsaponin red ginseng (NSRG) components on macrophage functions like tumoricidal activity, phagocytic activity, and NO production in young (8-weeks-old) and aged (82-weeks-old) male C57BL/6 mice were assessed in vitro, respectively. The treatment of tumor cells (melanoma B16 cells) with the supernatants of NSRG-treated macrophages resulted in an increase of cytotoxicity at 300 $\mu$g/ml in the aged mice, whereas the supernatants did not have a cytotoxic effect in the young mice. It was observed that the supernatants induced the increase of tumor cell proliferation at 150 $\mu$g/ml in the young mice, suggesting that the supernatants contain growth factors rather than cytotoxic molecules. In addition, NSRG alone had a direct cytotoxic effect on the B16 tumor cells. NSRG had no effect on the NO production by the macrophages in the young mice, while it significantly increased the level of NO release in the aged mice. There was no difference in the phagocytic activities of the macrophages by NSRG in both groups of mice. These results suggest that NSRG has differential effects on the macrophage functions in young and aged mice.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.275-278
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• 2017

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a cancer that shows aggressive behavior, early spread to distant sites, and frequent association with distinct paraneoplastic syndromes. Spontaneous remission of cancer, particularly of SCLC, is a rare biological event. Cases involving spontaneous regression of SCLC were reported, and were associated with paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system. This article reports on a 78-year-old man with SCLC in remission, with neurological symptoms. The patient visited the hospital because of generalized weakness, and imaging studies revealed a mass in the lower lobe of the left lung, pathological evaluation showed SCLC. The patient refused oncologic treatment and was treated only with conservative care. In follow-up study the diameter of the mass had decreased from initial 32 mm, 9 months after admission to 20 mm, 17 months after admission to 13 mm. The patient kept complaining of generalized weakness, dizziness, and paresthesia of limbs. We assumed that, in this case, the spontaneous remission of lung cancer was related to the immunologic response directed against the tumor, which is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.145-156
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a school-based anger management program (SAMP) of 4 sessions and examine its effects on the anger, anger expression, psychosomatic responses, psychosocial responses, and immunologic responses in adolescents. Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group, pre-post design with repeated measures was used. Chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test, and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data. Results: There were no differences between the experimental and control groups in outcome variables except for lymphocytes. However, following additional analyses, statistically significant differences by time point were observed for pain sensitivity, T cell, Helper T (Th) cell, Suppressor (Ts) cell and Natural Killer (NK) cell post-treatment, entrapment and psychosomatic symptoms at the 4-week follow-up, and resilience at the 10-week follow-up for the experimental group. Conclusion: Although some modifications in contents and administration will be required to increase the effectiveness of the program for anger management, SAMP can be used to promote anger management ability in adolescents.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.4 s.85
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• pp.287-293
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• 2005

Pollen has been used for Prevention or treatment of certain diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, or cancer in traditional medicine. In addition, pollen is under investigation as a host cell for a gene expression. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunologic safety of pollen intake. BALB/c mice were administered with 500, 50,5, or 0.5 mg/kg bw of lily pollen for five times a week for four weeks through gastric intubation. Comparing the control mice administered with distilled water, no significant changes were observed in body weight gain, weight of liver, spleen, lung, and his-topathological findings of liver and kidney of the mice groups administered with the pollen. Plasma level of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgE was not different among the groups. When splenic B lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharides for 7 days, level of IgGl and IgGwa produced in the culture supernatants was not significantly different among the groups. Furthermore, no significant alteration was observed in IL-4 and $IFN{\gamma}$ producing ability with splenic T lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinins for 48 hours between the pollen-administered and the control mice. Overall, this study suggests that the lily pollen intake is Inducing no significant modulation of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice.