• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) among healthy Korean children and adolescents. Methods: From October to December 2008, 65 healthy patients aged 6 months to 18 years who visited Korea University Ansan Hospital for influenza vaccination were enrolled in this study. We measured the hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers at baseline and 30 days after vaccinating enrollees with split influenza vaccine and calculated the seroprotection rates, geometric mean titers, and seroconversion rates. Local and systemic adverse events were assessed after vaccination. Results: The seroprotection rates against all three viral strains (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B) were 87.7%, 89.2%, and 89.2% (${\geq}70%$), respectively; seroconversion rates were 44.6%, 73.8%, and 63.1% (${\geq}40%$), respectively; and seroconversion factors were 4.5, 8.4, and 10.5 (>2.5), respectively. The TIV immunogenicity was acceptable according to the CPMP (Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products) criteria. Although 48 patients (73.8%) reported one or more adverse events, no severe adverse events such as anaphylaxis and convulsion were observed. Forty-two patients (64.6%) reported a local skin reaction, including redness (29.2%), pain (43.1%), or swelling (41.5%) of the injected site, and 26 (40.0%) reported a systemic reaction: fatigue (23.1%), myalgia (20.0%), headache (10.8%), arthralgia (10.8%), chills (9.2%), or fever (7.7%). Conclusions: This study shows that the immunogenicity of the TIV vaccine is acceptable. As there were no serious adverse events aside from local reactions and mild systemic reactions, this vaccine can be safely used among healthy Korean children and adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 1992

The oil emulsion and alhydrogel vaccines were prepared from a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea and their protective efficacy and immunogenicity were tested in Guinea-pigs. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, isolated from calves with diarrhea, has K99 and F4l antigen as 46.2％ and 50.9％ with 48 and 53 strains respectively out of 104 strains. The protective efficacy of the gel and oil vaccines were 60% and 80% respectively. Agglutinin titers to sera of Guinea-pigs vaccinated with experimental gel and oil vaccines peaked at 5 and 6 weeks after vaccination.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.242-250
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• 2006

Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) conjugate vaccines prevent Hib disease in individuals and reduce the carriage and transmission of the organism in the community. The incidence of Hib disease has been decreased dramatically in a diverse range of countries through the use of a variety of conjugate vaccines and vaccine schedules. In some countries, the vaccine has caused a near-disappearance of invasive Hib disease through a combination of direct protection and herd immunity. The effectiveness of the vaccine was not modified by the type of conjugate vaccine, the number of doses given(two, three or four), age at first vaccination(two months, 42 to 90 days, three months) and whether the vaccine was tested in an industrialized or developing country. Over 15 years of international experience with vaccines has also demonstrated that they are safe. In 2004, Hib vaccines were adapted in routine immunization in 92 countries in the world. Decisions regarding the use of the Hib vaccine in routine immunization schedules depend not only on the effectiveness and efficacy of the vaccine but also on factors such as burden of disease, vaccine cost, and competing priorities. In Korea, Hib disease burden seemed to be lower than other developed countries(~10/100,000). Moreover Hib vaccines showed excellent immunogenicity in Korean children in many studies. Therefore, a potential approach to economize the cost of Hib vaccines could be to explore the possibilities of using reduced vaccine doses for immunization as some other countries.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2001

Purpose : To assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of hepatitis A vaccine ($VAQTA^{TM}$) in healthy children and adolescents. Methods : Eligible subjects aged 2 to 17 years received 25 U/0.5 mL of $VAQTA^{TM}$ intramuscularly at 0 and 24 week schedule. Bleeds were obtained prior to vaccination and 4 weeks after the second dose to ascertain serostatus. To detect antibody to HAV after vaccination with an inactivated HA vaccine, a modification of the $Abbott^{(R)}$ HAVAB kit was used. Sample with titers ${\geq}10$ mIU/mL were considered seroconverted. Adverse experiences were monitored. Results : 102 subjects(54 male, 48 female) were enrolled. The mean age was $6.8{\pm}3.5$ years. Two subjects were seropositive, two were lost of follow up. 88 subjects were available for a per protocol analysis and 90 for all subjects with serology after the second dose, and ten withdral. All subjects(95% CI, 94.8~100) seroconverted. Geometric mean titers was 7,991.1(95% CI, 6,481.1~9,852.7) with very little difference in per protocol analysis and all subjects analysis. Adverse experiences to $VAQTA^{TM}$ were generally mild and transient. Conclusion : The pediatric two-dose regimen of $VAQTA^{TM}$ was found to be highly immunogenic, generally well tolerated and resulted in 100% seroconversion. Regarding Korea is in transition from a high to low risk region resulting in a paradox increase of clinical disease and disease burden, routine vaccination should be considered in order to control hepatitis A effectively.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1971

A vaccine was prepared by $10^6$ r cobalt-60 irradiation of lyophilized virulent Brucella melitensis and tested in mice for immunogenic activity against a lethal challenge dose of the homologous strain. The vaccine(GIV) produced a high degree of immunity in mice, and comparative studies demonstrated it to be superior to vaccines prepared by heat or by chemical(ether, formalin, or phenol) treatment. Living vaccines, Brucella abortus. strain 19 and an R-form of Brucella melitensis were lethal for mice in larger doses. A comparison of seven adjuvant mixtures for use with the GIV showed no statistically significant difference, but. Freund's complete adjuvant and a mixture of aluminum-potassium sulfate and pectin appeared to enhance the activity of the GIV.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2007

Pasteurella multocida, a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacterium, is a causative animal pathogen in porcine atrophic rhinitis and avian fowl cholera. For the development of recombinant subunit vaccine against P. multocida, we cloned and analyzed the gene for outer membrane protein H (ompH) from a native strain of Pasteurella multocida in Korea. The OmpH had significant similarity in both primary and secondary structure with those of other serotypes. The full-length, and three short fragments of ompH were expressed in E. coli and the recombinant OmpH proteins were purified, respectively. The recombinant OmpH proteins were antigenic and detectable with antisera produced by either immunization of commercial vaccine for respiratory disease or formalin-killed cell. Antibodies raised against the full-length OmpH provided strong protection against P. multocida, however, three short fragments of recombinant OmpHs, respectively, showed slightly lower protection in mice challenge. The recombinant OmpH might be a useful vaccine candidate antigen for P. multocida.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2012

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases in infancy and early childhood. Despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV yet. The attachment glycoprotein (G) of RSV is a potentially important target for protective antiviral immune responses. Recombinant baculovirus has been recently emerged as a new vaccine vector, since it has intrinsic immunostimulatory properties and good bio-safety profile. Methods: We have constructed a recombinant baculovirus-based RSV vaccine, Bac-RSV/G, displaying G glycoprotein, and evaluated immunogenicity and protective efficacy by intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice with Bac-RSV/G. Results: Bac-RSV/G efficiently provides protective immunity against RSV challenge. Strong serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses were induced by intranasal immunization with Bac-RSV/G. In addition to humoral immunity, G-specific Th17- as well as Th1-type T-cell responses were detected in the lungs of Bac-RSV/G-immune mice upon RSV challenge. Neither lung eosinophilia nor vaccine-induced weight loss was observed upon Bac-RSV/G immunization and subsequent RSV infection. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that intranasal administration of baculovirus-based Bac-RSV/G vaccine is efficient for the induction of protection against RSV and represents a promising prophylactic vaccination regimen.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2007

We investigated the safety, immunogenicity and protectivity of mix-crude outer membrane protein (cOMP) vaccine against salmonellosis in animals. The mix-cOMP vaccine was extracted from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST) and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella enterica serovar Braenderup (SB) isolated from pigs. The mix-cOMP vaccine gave significantly higher antibody response than ST-bacterin and ST-cOMP vaccine in guinea pigs. The survival rates of mix-cOMP vaccinated groups showed significantly higher (100%) than those (0-20%) of unvaccinated control group, challenged with 3 species of Salmonella (ST, SE and SB) in mice. Vaccinated groups in pigs showed reduction of clinical signs, increase of average weight gains, decrease of bacterial recovery rates, compared with unvaccinated groups. Especially, the survival rates (100%) of vaccinated groups in chickens showed higher than that (0%) of unvaccinated group. Based on these results, we suggest that the mix-cOMP Salmonella vaccine developed in this study will be effective for the protection against Salmonellosis caused by the various serotypes Salmonella species in animals.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Bone marrow is a hematological and immunological organ that provides multiple immune cells, including B lymphocytes, and thus plays a critical role in the efficacy of vaccine. We previously demonstrated that Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica antigen has high immunogenicity in spleen cells, a peripheral immune organ. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of B. bronchiseptica antigen in bone marrow cells, a central immune organ. B. bronchiseptica antigen increased the cellular activity of bone marrow cells and significantly enhanced the production of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Bone marrow cells primed with B. bronchiseptica antigen in vivo were harvested and stimulated with the same antigen in vitro. The stimulation of B. bronchiseptica antigen significantly increased the cellular activity and proliferation rate of the primed cells. B. bronchiseptica antigen also greatly induced the production of antigen-specific antibody in the primed cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that B. bronchiseptica antigen can stimulate bone marrow cells, a central immune organ, and recall the immune response of the primed bone marrow cells.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

The recombinant pseudorabies virus major capsid protein (rMCP) was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. Following evaluation of the immunochemical properties of the rMCP, the immunogenicity of the recombinant subunit protiens were investigated in guinea pig and swine to obtain the preliminary guide line for the subunit vaccine using rMCP and gP50. It was proved that ultrasonication and 30% ammonium sulfate was most efficient to concentrate and purify the protein. The rMCP was safe in mice, guinea pigs and piglets. In guinea pigs, rMCP mixed with various adjuvants induced substantial degree of serum neutralizing antibody titers, but revealed incomplete protectivity against challenge. In swine, the combination of rMCP and gP50 showed the higher serum neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immune responses than rMCP alone. However, the protectivity was lower in comparison with the commercial gI-deleted inactivated vaccine. We expect these results to contribute to characterization of MCP gene of Korean isolate of PRV and to ultilize as preliminary information for prodution and evaluation of PRV recombinant subunit vaccines.