• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2004

The immunomodulating activities and chemical characteristics of a water-soluble exopolymer from submerged mycelial culture of Phellinus pini were studied. Anticomplementary activity of this polymer was found to be $73.2\%$, and its activation system occurred through both classical and alternative pathways, where the classical pathway was detected to be the major one by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Nitric oxide (NO) release ability and acid phosphatase activity of macrophage were increased by 1.6-fold ($100{\mu}g/ml$) and 3.4-fold ($500{\mu}g/ml$), respectively, and splenocyte proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also increased by 2.6-fold ($200{\mu}g/ml$), compared to the control. The molecular weight of this polymer, determined by HPLC, was under 5 kDa. Total sugar and protein contents were 89.7 and 10.3%, respectively. Both sugar and amino acid compositions of the exopolymer were also analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 1994

From the hot water extract of bracken(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum), a Korean win edible plant, anti-complementary acidic polysaccharides were Isolated. Crude polysaccharide fraction(HPA-1) was obtain ed by methanol reflux, ethanol precipitation, dialysis, and lyophilization. HPA-1 contained 81.80% of total sugar, 30.40% of uronic acid, and 15.60cA of protein. HPA 1 was purified consecutively by cetavlon fractionation and chromatography including ion exchange nth DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B and gel permeation with Sephadex G-100 and Sepharose CL-6B. HPA-2- IVa and HPA-Va-2 were nearly homogeneous on HPLC and had 500,000 and 560,000 daltons of molecular weights, respectively. HPA-2-Wa consisted of fucose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid at the molar ratio of 1.40 : 0.97 : 1.88. HPA-2-Va 2 was composed of rhamnose, galactose, and galacturonic acid at the molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.38 : 1.39. The polysaccharides were found to activate the C3 component both In the presence and In the absence of Ca2+ through the crossed-immunoelectrophoresis suggesting that those Involved in both classical and alternative complement pathway.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 1993

An assay system by using antibody was adopted to screen the endoinulinase producingfungi due to its high specificity toward endoinulinase, To determine whether the affinity-purified rabbit serum, which were generated against the purified endoinulinase, can react only with the endoinulinase, rocket immunoelectrophoresis was performed. The results showed that the serum specifically reacts with endoinulinase but not with exoinulinase and other proteins in the culture media. Using this polyclonal antibody, a strain from 62 fungal colonies was selected and it secreted an endoinulinase in the culture media to the amount comparable to that of Aspergillus ficuum A Tee 16882 known as a high endoinulinase producer.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.197-204
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• 1989

A case of multiple myeloma combined with stomach cancer and related literatures were reviewed. A 67 year-old male patient entered the hospital with dysphagia and weight loss for 3 months. Peripheral blood examination revealed anemia with rouleaux formation. Total protein of the serum was 9.9g/$d{\ell}$ with hyperglobulinemia(albumin 2.7g/$d{\ell}$, globulin 7.2g/$d{\ell}$, A/G ratio 0.375). On the electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis of the serum, the abnormal protein with the pattern of monoclonal gammopathy(IgG-K type) was shown. There were multiple variable sized osteolytic lesions on skull X-ray and abnormal hot uptakes of ribs on bone scan and result of rib biopsy was plasmacytoma. Gastrofiberscopy was performed to search for the cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, revealed stomach cancer, and the result of the gastric mucosal biopsy proved to be well-differentiated adenocarcinoma.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The crude biopolymer (AS-S1) and endobiopolymer (AS-S2) were isolated from the dry stem bark of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and tested for anti complement activity. The two potent anticomplement biopolymers, AS-1 and AS-2-Fr.I, were isolated by the combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration methods from the endo-biopolymers (AS-S2). The anticomplement activity of AS-1 (MW 12 kDa) and AS-2-Fr.I (MW 180 kDa) were found to be 84.4% and 100.0%, respectively, at the concentration of $25{\mu}g/ml$. Activated pathway of the complement system occurred in both classical and alternative pathways, as evidenced by crossed immunoelectrophoresis(CIEP), where a major pathway was detected to be the classical one. It was found that the anticomplement activities of the periodate oxidized were decreased significantly, but those of pronase digested biopolymers of AS-1 and AS-2-Fr.I were decreased very little. The AS-1 contained 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucitol, 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galacitol, and 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-D-galacitol, which indicated that AS-1 contained a $(1{\rightarrow}3),\;(1{\rightarrow}4)-linked$ glucopyranosyl residue and a $(1{\rightarrow}4)-linked$ galactosyl residue. AS-2-Fr.I contained mainly 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol and 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-galacitol, which contained $(1{\rightarrow}3),\;(1{\rightarrow}6)$ linked mannosyl and $(1{\rightarrow}6)$ linked galactosyl residues.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 1983

Commercial deerhorns were extracted in boiling water, the deerhorn extracts were per os introduced into rabbits, and then the effects of the extracts on the antibody productions aginst Escherichia coli antigens were investigated for 4 weeks. The experimental rabbits were divided into 4 groups ; control, only deerhorn, only antigen, and antigen plus deerhorn treated groups. The effects of the treatments were measured by counting the number of blood cells, weighing, and immunoelectrophoresis. The rabbits' body weights gained up to 185% in the deerhorn group, and the other groups gained nearly 120%. The numbers of red blood cells in the antigen plus deerhorn group increased somewhat. However, the numbers of leucocytes gradually increased after one week in the antigen group, and at 4 weeks increased up to 290%. In the antigen plus deerhorn group the numbers of leucocytes increased suddenly up to 189% at one week, but after one week the numbers recovered to normal state. Strangely in the deerhorn group the numbers decreased up to 40%. The amounts of serum globulin increased in the control after one week, but maintained about 130%. In the deerhorn group the amounts increased like the control, but after 4 weeks increased up to 175%. In the antigen group the amounts were not changed until 2 weeks, but after 3 weeks abruptly increased over 175%. In the deerhorn plus antigen group the amounts increased gradually up to 262% until 3 weeks, after 3 and 4 weeks the amounts did not increase. The amounts of serum .gamma.-globulin decreased in the control group, and in the deerhorn group and antigen group the amounts did not change until 2 weeks, but after 3 weeks abruptly increased over 175%. In the deerhorn plus antigen group the amounts increased gradually up to 262% until 3 weeks, after 3 and 4 weeks the amounts did not increase. The amounts of serum ${\gamma}-globulin$ decreased in the control group, and in the deerhorn group and antigen group the amounts did not change until 3 weeks, but after 4 week the amounts slightly increased up to 110%. However, the amounts in the deerhorn plus antigen group did not change until 2 weeks, but after 2 weeks abruptly increased up to 174%. The recognized immunoglobulins were IgG and IgM, and the enhanced immunoglobulin was IgG.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 1990

To examine effects on complement and reticuloendothelial system, alkali extract was isolated from cultured mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum IY107. It was shown to strongly activate both classical and alternative pathways of complement as compared with krestin. Activated complement C3, 3rd peak, was observed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. It was also shown to activate reticuloendotherial system of ICR mice in the carbon clearance test and to increase hemolytic plaque forming cells of the spleen. Carbohydrate and protein contents of the alkali extract were 10% and 49%, respectively. The carbohydrate consisted of four monosaccharides and the protein contained 16 amino acids.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 1984

The concept of natural grouping of plant designated as the "Amentiferous" is no longer given serious credence, and many of the families included in this grouping have been dispersed in diverse order. Because a review of taxonomic treatments of amentiferous taxa reveals diverse classifications, it has become necessary to investigate new characteristics and attempt to determine the significance of these characteristics in terms of amentiferous taxonomy. Protein analyses by isoelectrofocusing(IEF) and rocket immunoelectrophoresis(RIE) have proved to be useful in the delicitation of Quercus taxa using pollen extracts from selected taxa. When Quercus pollen extracts were separated by electrophoresis based on their isoelectric points in a stable pH gradient and substrates for estrase activity were stained, ten bands were revealed between pH 5-14. Within Lepidobalanus grouping, a great diversity in the pollen protein zymograms was observed with some segregation corresponding to the designated taxonomic sections. Two taxa of Cyclobalanopsis produced a zymogram that is somewhat similar to taxa included within the section Prinus of Lepidobalanus, and less similar to taxa within the section Cerris of the same subgenus. Three tested taxa of the Cerris are in the similar zymogram each other, being segregable from the taxa of Prinus. Quantitative and qualitative analyses for serological relationships within and among th Quercus were also employed. To calculate the degree of protein similarity, total rocket heights obtained from RIE provided an index of serological correspondence(SC). It is reconfirmed that the Quercus is distantly separated from the Fagus according to SC. Comparative data from rocket number and SC in the tested taxa of Quercus also indicate that Lepidobalanus is separable from Cyclobalanopsis. Within the Lepidobalanus Q. acutissima and Q. acutissima x variabilis are almost homogeneors and distinguishable from the other tested taxa of same subgenus. Although the number of taxa tested has been limited, the overall serological evidence best reflects the classification proposed by Redher(1940) and Melchior (1964), having the genus Quercus subdivided into three subgunera: Erythrobalanus, Lepidobalanus, and Cyclobalanopsis.alanopsis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1965

I. A Comparison of Sodium Sulfate Precipitation and Zone(Paper, Agar) Electrophoresis; Many kinds of techniques have been used for fractionating serum proteins. In the present study, using bovine serum, the fractions obtained with sodium sulfate were compared with those determined by zone electrophoresis. 1. Fibrinogen was precipitated with 4 to 10 percent of sodium sulfate. 2. ${\gamma}$-globulin required 10 to 16 percent of the salt for precipitation. 3. ${\beta}$-globulin began to precipitate at 12 percent sodium sulfate, and completed precipitation at approximately 26 percent in paper electrophoresis, while at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. 4. ${\alpha}$-globulin completed precipitation at 13 to 28 percent sodium sulfate in paper electrophoresis and at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. 5. Albumin began to precipitate at 14 percent of the salt, and was free from the mixture of globulins approximately at 28 percent in paper electrophoresis, while at 22 percent in agar electrophoresis. The results of comparing fractions by the two methods were as follows: 1. Euglobulin (15%) was equal to the sum of the most ${\gamma}$-globulin and a small quantity of the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins. 2. Pseudoglobulin I (15-17.5%) corresponded to the most ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-globulins and a small quantity of albumin. 3. Pseudoglobulin II(18-22%) was a mixture of the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-globulins and albumin fraction. 4. Albumin (above 22%) contained the most albumin fraction separated by zone electrophoresis and a small quantity of the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins. As mentioned above the fractions obtained with sodium sulfate were a mixture of the various proportion of the fractions determined by zone electrophoresis. The solubility of serum fractions to sodium sulfate coincided with the mobility of those by zone electrophoresis. (By percent of sodium sulfate we mean gram of sodium sulfate contained in $100m{\ell}$ of solution). II. Immunological Studies on Serum Protein Fractions with Sodium Sulfate; In the previous report the fractions of bovine serum protein with sodium sulfate compared with those obtained by zone electrophoresis, and the findings were that the former contained various proportion components of the latter. In this study the author studied whether or not the fractions with sodium sulfate are simple component antigenically by immunoelectrophoresis and micro double diffusion test (Immuno-precipitation), using rabbit antiserum to bovine serum. In immunoelectrophoresis, normal bovine serum developed with rabbit antibovine serum showed about ten distinct precipitin arcs. The distribution of these arcs was as follows: 1 albumin, 2 ${\alpha}_1$-, 3 ${\alpha}_2$-, 2 ${\beta}_1$-, ${\beta}_2$-, and 1 ${\gamma}$-globulin (Fig. 7, 9). In micro double diffusion test, five to six precipitation bands could be seen between antigens and antibody, the order of the precipitation bands location is albumin, ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-globulin from the side of antiserum well (Fig.19). Frequently the ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-precipitation bands were separated into two or three precipitation bands, which indicated that these globuline are not a pure component antigenically as shown in immuno-electrophoresis. In both Immunological methods, the two ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-precipitin arcs and bands appeared clear and strong, indicating that the two globulins reacted as strong antigens. The precipitate reaction of ${\gamma}$-globulin was shown at 12 to 16 percent sodium sulfate; ${\beta}$-globulin at 12 to 20 percent; ${\alpha}$-globulin at 12 to 22 percent (immuno-electrophoresis), at 12 to 26 percent (Diffusion); and albumin at above 22 percent. Antigenically euglobulin contained ${\gamma}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\alpha}$-globulins, Pseudoglobulin I and Pseudoglobulin II were composed of ${\alpha}$-, and ${\beta}$-globulins, and albumin was a mixture of ${\alpha}$-globulin and albumin determined by zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that the fractions of serum protein obtained by either method were constituents of various proteins antigenically except ${\gamma}$-globulin and albumin by Zone electrophoresis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1552-1559
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the potential utilization value as a novel probiotic strain, the immunopotentiating activities of the cellular components from Lactobacillus brevis FSB-1 were examined. L. brevis FSB-1 isolated from kimchi were fractionated into the whole cell, cell wall, cytosol and extracellular preparation, and each fraction was examined on intestinal immune system modulating activity in vitro. The cell wall and cytosol preparation showed the relatively high bone marrow cell proliferating activity through Peyer's patch cell in a dose-dependent manner. But these preparations did not directly stimulate the bone marrow cell proliferation. The whole cell, cell wall and cytosol preparation also induced considerable levels of macrophage activation and mitogenicity of murine splenocytes in vitro. The anti-complementary activity (ITCH_(50)) of the cytosol fraction of L. brevis FSB-1 was the most potent in the cellular components, and the activity showed dose dependency. The complement activation by the cytosol fraction of L. brevis FSB-1 occurs via both alternative and classical pathways, which confirmed by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3.