• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

The present investigation was undertaken to study whether tumor-associated macrophages of Daltons lymphoma (DL), a spontaneous transplantable T cell lymphoma can be activated to tumoricidal state by alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (ALTC). In vivo administration of ALTC (200 mg/kg body weight) in DL-bearing mice resulted in an enhanced RNI production and an augmented cytotoxic response of tumor-associated macrophages. Earlier we had reported that DL-bearing mice show a regression of thymus and an enlargement of spleen. In vivo administration of ALTC to DL-bearing hosts resulted in a decrease in the weight of spleen and counts of splenocytes along with an increase in the weight of thymus as compared to control DL-bearing mice. In vivo administration of ALTC in DL-bearing mice also resulted in an increase in the proliferation of splenocytes/thymocytes and BMC. The results of this study indicate that the ALTC upon in vivo administration in DL-bearing shows immuno-modulatory effects and thus may have clinical significance.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

Extracts derived from various medical mushrooms have been reported to have antitumor and immuno-modulatory properties. In order to investigate the antitumor activity of keumsa Linteusan, the water extract of Phellinus Iimteus, HT1080 cells, a human fibrosarcoma cell line, were treated with it and changes in cellular migration potential was tested in vitro. At a concentration range below 1,000 $\mu$g/mL, Linteusan blocked, in a dose dependent manner, the migration of cells through Matrigel as well as Boyden chamber without affecting the viability of the cells. Prolonged treatment of HT1080 cells with Linteusan suppressed TNFa induced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as well as basal level expression of MMP-2. Linteusan also affected the adhesion of the cells to fibronectin-coated surfaces. The effect of Linteusan on cell signaling pathways was also tested. Linteusan specifically affected TNF-$\alpha$ induced phosphorylation of AKT in a dose-dependent manner, while phosphorylation levels of ERK remained unaffected. These data indicate that Linteusan blocks the migration of HT1080 cells by affecting various processes associated with cell migration such as the expression of matrix degradingenzymes,cell adhesion, and AKT-medicated cellular signaling pathways.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Armillaria tabescens, one of edible and medicinal mushrooms belonging to Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to have outstanding curative effects on chronic hepatitis and cholecystitis and inhibitory effects on the sarcoma 180 and Erhrlich carcinoma of mice. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr, NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr, MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that crude polysaccharides were not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as NIH3T3 and Sarcoma 180 at the concentration of $2000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with crude polysaccharides exhibited life prolongation effect of $28.8{\sim}46.5%$ in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180, respectively. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.8{\sim}2.1$ folds, respectively. In case of Fr, NaCl, the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes were increased by 9 and 1.9 folds, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2007

Oudemansiella radicata, edible and medicinal mushroom belonging to Agaricales of Basidiomycota, has been known to exhibit outstanding curative effects on the fungal infection and hypertension caused by high blood pressure. Neutral saline soluble (0.9% NaCl), hot water soluble and methanol soluble substances (hereinafter referred to Fr, NaCl, Fr. HW and Fr. MeOH, respectively) were extracted from fruiting body of the mushroom. In vitro cytotoxicity test showed that Fr. NaCl was not cytotoxic against NIH3T3 and Sarcoma 180 at the concentration of $10{\sim}1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl exhibited antitumor activity with life prolongation effect of $42.9{\sim}66.7%$ in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved the immunopotentiating activity of B lymphocyte by increasing the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.4{\sim}3$ folds compared with controlled and LPS groups, respectively. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. MeOH increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by 3.5 and 2.5 folds, respectively. Therefore, the antitumor effect exhibited on mouse Sarcoma 180 cells was likely due to immune-modulating activity of crude polysaccharides extracted from fruiting body of O. radicata.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.398-404
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of anticancer activities and immuno modulatary activities from R. coreanus. by ultra high pressure extracts process. The cytotoxicity on human kidney cell (HEK293) was showed below 19.5% in adding 1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. The anticancer activity was increased over 10% by high pressure processing in AGS and A549 cells. The immune cell growth using human immune B and T cells was improved by the high pressure extracts of Rubus coreanus in adding 1.0 $mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. The secretion of two kinds of cytokine, the IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from human immune B and T cells were also enhanced in adding extracts by high pressure process of R. coreanus. The ultra high pressure extraction technique showed high efficiency in extracting of bioactive compound. The ultra high pressure technique could be used combined with other technique to improve the extracting rate and extracting efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2009

Phosphatidylcholine was used to encapsulate aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica, and its biological activity was compared with another aqueous extracts. Nanoparticle of C. asiatica was made by encapsulation to w/o type spherical liposome which of aqueous extracts seized with oil phase as 78.2 nm average diameter. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticle was measured on human skin fibroblast cells, CCD-986sk, and showed lower cytotoxicity on 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of highest concentration as 28% than that of another extracts. The nanoparticle showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth up to 138% and 135%, respectively, compared to the control. and the NK cell growth was promoted up to 8% higher than the control in proportion to secretion of IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ from immune cell growth. Also nanoparticle showed highest inhibition activity of hyaluronidase on 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of highest concentration as 60.5%. It seems that because of enhanced biological application of aqueous extracts on cell through nano-encapsulation process.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.2 s.145
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• pp.110-115
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• 2006

Melittia inouei (Yuri Nabang) larvae are used as a crude drug in East Asia for treating stomach cancer and inflammation, and currently reared as a pharmaceutical insect in Jejudo, Korea. This study evaluated the immuno-modulating activity of these extracts, by determining the level of, cytokine production from mouse splenocytes stimulated with the extracts. The Melittia inouei larvae extracts did not induce the splenocyte proliferation. On the other hand, they stimulated the splenocytes to produce cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, whereas they did not stimulate IL10, IL12 or $IFN-{\gamma}$. The aqueous portion of its plant (Tri-chosanthis kirilowii) extract (sap) was found to be a potent inducer of NO production from the CPAE cells. However, it showed weak inhibitory effects on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production from splenocytes. These data suggests that a Melittia inouei larvae extract immune modulatory activity in cytokine prodcutions such as $TNF-{\alpha}$ and VEGF which might be related its anticancer effect.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.418-423
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Spirulina, a blue-green alga, is widely produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement with bio- and immune-modulatory functions. We have previously shown that spirulina had favorable effects on lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean elderly. Despite favorable effect of spirulina supplementation, some sub-populations have shown a poor response to supplementation. Obesity is a factor related to poor-response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the immuno-modulation, antioxidant capacity, and lipid-lowering effect of spirulina in obese and non-obese Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 78 elderly aged 60-87 years. In a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects were fed either placebo or spirulina daily, at 8 g for 12 weeks. Subjects were divided into the non-obese group and the obese group based on body mass index (BMI) criteria for Asians suggested by the International Obesity Task Force: $BMI<25kg/m^2$ (non-obese) and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ (obese). RESULTS: In the non-obese group, spirulina supplementation showed a significant lowering effect on plasma concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (P < 0.01) and a significant increment (P < 0.05) in IL-2/IL-6 ratio, and a significant increase in total antioxidant status level and a significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level. However, these effects were not observed in the obese group. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that blood lipid lowering and immune and antioxidant improving response for spirulina supplement was affected by obesity in Korean elderly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.889-893
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• 2003

Immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of Enrofloxacin was studied in bovine sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The therapeutic efficacy was adjudged by Somatic cell count and Total bacterial count of the milk, whereas, the immuno modulatory potential of the drug was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) and acid phosphates (ACP) enzyme level in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five cows were divided into three equal groups. Gr I consisting 15 cows served as healthy control, whereas, 30 cows (SCM), Gr II and Gr III, selected on the basis of California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive reaction. Gr II cows received 150 mg of Enrofloxacin, once a day for three days and Gr.III received sterile 5 ml PBS (pH 7.4) for 7days, both the treatment were given by intramammary route. The observation was made up to 30 days post-treatment (PT). The CMT of the healthy milk was negative (0), whereas, it ranged between 1 point score and 2 point score in SCM. The Somatic cell count (SCC) and Total bacterial count (TBC) decreased significantly (p<0.05) on day 3 PT in GrII cows in Enrofloxacin treated group, however, such changes were insignificant in PBS treated group. Traces of MPO and ACP enzyme were found in the healthy milk. The mean ACP level enhanced by 70% on day 3 PT in GrII and only 18.7% in Gr. III cows. The mean MPO level enhanced to 32% in Gr. II and 18 % in Gr. III cows on day 3 PT. Concomitant use of Enrofloxacin in SCM at sub optimal dose was found to reduce the bacterial load by increasing the bactericidal enzyme level in the milk polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in bovine SCM, which indicates its immunomodulatory potential in mastitis.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.719-726
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• 2011

Pediococcus pentosaceus JWS 939 (JWS 939) is a nonpathogenic bacteriocin-producing probiotic isolated from the duck intestine. This study assessed the immunomodulatory effects of JWS 939 and compared them with those of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), a well-known immune enhancer. The immune-enhancing effects of JWS 939 were measured by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines in C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, to assess the immune enhancement abilities of JWS 939, in vivo, a Listeria monocytogenes challenge mice model was used. The results showed that heat-killed JWS 939 induced more NO and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ production in mouse peritoneal macrophages than in LGG, and that oral administration of viable JWS 939 in mice increased more NO, IL-$1{\beta}$, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ level than in LGG in serum upon L. monocytogenes challenge. In addition, mice fed with JWS 939 had a longer survival time after lethal challenge with L. monocytogenes, and these effects were stronger than those induced by LGG. Collectively, P. pentosaceus JWS 939 is a remarkable strain that, by releasing bacteriocin and enhancing host immune responses, may have potential as a duck feed additive to suppress pathogens.