• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.430-435
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• 2022

The infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious and acute poultry disease caused by Birnavirus. However, the vaccination is the only disease prevention, but several factors impeded vaccine development. Thus, a need for time to develop a novel technique for managing and treating respiratory diseases in poultry birds. Passive immunization is a hope and a possible alternative used in birds to meet this need. The current research attempted to produce egg yolk-based polyclonal antibodies against the IBD virus. The benefits of IgY include ease of extraction, lack of reaction with mammalian Fc receptors, and low production cost. Commercial layers were immunized with inactivated IBD virus subcutaneously according to the treatment regimen. The eggs were gathered daily, and yolk antibodies were extracted with the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique. The use of an indirect hemagglutination test demonstrated that IgY was IBD-specific. Until the end of the experiment, the specific IgY immunoglobulins did not lose activity when stored at 4℃. The specific immunoglobulin (IgY) treated challenged birds were demonstrated 92% recovery in comparison to the control group. The study implies that the IBDV specific IgY is an easily prepared and rich source of antibodies and offers an alternative therapeutic agent to cure IBD-infected birds.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 1995

사람의 항 HLA 단일군 항체 생산의 선결 조건인 가장 효과적인 시험관내 면역 조건을 확립하기 위해, 사람의 혈중 임파구를 함원으로 하여 마우스의 대식세포, 흉선세포. 이들의 조건배지, 그리고 임파구 촉진인자 등을 포함한 14가지의 다양한 배양 조건에서 세포를 배양하였으며, 마우스의 비장세포와 사람의 혈중 임파구에서 각각 항체 생산을 유도하였다. 항체의 생성 여부는 면역효소법(I섬SA)으로 조사하였다. 마우스의 비장세포는 모든 조건에서 다량의 항체가 검출되었으며, 사람의 혈중 임파구 분화에는 마우스의 조건배지보다 PWM. LPS와 같은 임파구 촉진인자가 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며. 특히 allogenic MLC(Mixed Lymphocyte Culture)에 의해 임파구 분화유도에 유용한 물질이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1978

This study was designed to analyse effects of Family Health Workers' activities on the performance of a child immunization program as part of the evaluative research in the community health demonstration project in Kang Wha. Frequent shortcomings of evaluative research are problems in setting evaluative indices, difficulties in interpreting influences of socioeconomic changes due to lack of control and failure of demonstrating association between activity input and program performance. Specific objectives of this study was to improve the frequent shortcoming of evaluative research by isolating the effects of Family Health Workers' activities on the performance of the program through controlling other variables which also influenced the program performance. The target population consisted of 1240 children who were born between Jan. 1971 and Dec. 1975 in Sunwon Myun, and Naega Myun in Kwang Wha Gun, Kyonggi Province. The data were collected in part through 20 Family Health Workers who interviewed the mothers of these children in their villages during Nov. 1977. Part of the data were obtained by summarizing Family Health Workers daily activity records. All data were grouped for each birth cohort according to the 20 villages. Dependent variable of the model is the measle immuinization rate of each village and the independent variables are characteristics of baby, mother, household, travel time to the health subcenter, to Kang Wha Town, and the mean member of visits to the household by Family Health Workers as well as their other related activities and the year of birth of children according to village. The model was analysed by stepwise multiple regression technique. The summarized results show that overall $R^2$ were 39.3% and mean number of Family Health Worker household visits, mean age of mother and mean economic status were significant variables in explaining the immunization rate. Therefore Family Health Workers' activities are one of the significant variables in influencing the increased immunization rate of children in villages of the project area.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2006

Delivery of DNA vaccines to airway mucosa would be an ideal method for mucosal immunization. However, there have been few reports of a suitable gene delivery system. In this study we used a cationic emulsion to immunize mice via the intranasal route with pCMV-S coding for Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg). Complexing pCMV-S with a cationic emulsion dramatically enhanced HBsAg expression in both nasal tissue and lung, and was associated with increases in the levels of HBs-specific Abs in serum and mucosal fluids, of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the spleen and cervical and iliac lymph nodes, and of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against HBsAg. In contrast, very weak humoral and cellular immunities were observed following immunization with naked DNA. In support of these observations, a higher proliferative response of spleenocytes was detected in the group immunized with the emulsion/pCMV-S complex than in the group immunized with naked pCMV-S. These findings may facilitate development of an emulsion-mediated gene vaccination technique for use against intracellular pathogens that invade mucosal surfaces.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1988

비장적출된 BALB/c 마우스에 동종항원으로 면역접종하였을 때 병원성 자유생활 아메바, 즉 점천간출a fowzeri o 359의 감염에 의한 사망률, 생존기간을 항체생성과 관련하여 관찰함으로써 비 장적출이 숙주의 체액성 면역기전에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 관찰하였다. 실험 I군은 비장을 적출하고 면역후 감염, II군은 비장적출후 감염, 여군은 면역후 감염, 사군은 대조군으로서 감염만시킨 군 등으로 구분하여 5~10${\times}$105 아메바를 1주 간격으로 2회 복강내에 주입하여 면역접종하였으며 2회 접종 1주 후에 5~10${\times}$104 아메바를 비강내에 감염시켜 감염 31일까지 관찰하였다. 감염후 사망률은 면역된 I 및 III군에서 각각 38.1% 및 25%로 II군 50%나 IV군 46.4%에 비해 낮았다. 사망한 마우스의 평균 생존기간은 I군 $20.1{\pm}3.6$일, II군 $17.3{\pm}4.5$일, III군 $20.4{\pm}7.0$일 및 비군 $19.6{\pm}7.6$일로 각 실험군간에 차이가 없었다. 감염 31일 후 혈중 IgG 항체가(ELISA치)는 면역군인 I군 및 III군에서 각각 $1.10{\pm}0.29$ 및 $1.31{\pm}0.28$로 대조군의 $0.24{\pm}0.37$보다 훨씬 높았다 (p<0.05). 이러한 성적으로 보아 비장적출 마우스에서 면역후 N. fowleri를 감염시켰을 때 마우스 생존기간의 차이는 없으나 사망률은 면역시킨 군에서 낮아 비장적출후에도 체액성 면역 이 방어기전으로 존재하는 것으로 생각되었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.337-341
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• 1999

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and the major cause of post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Vaccine development for HCV is essential but has been slowed by poor understanding of the type of immunity that naturally terminates HCV infection. The DNA-based immunization technique offers the potential advantage of including cellular immune responses against conserved internal proteins of a virus, as well as the generation of antibodies to viral surface proteins. Here, we demonstrate that cell lines expressing the HCV core and/or NS3 proteins can induce a specific CTL response in mice, and these results suggest a possibility that the HCV core and NS3 DNA can be used to induce CTL activity against the antigen in mice and can be further developed as a therapeutic and preventive DNA vaccine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1994

In order to produce a specific bombesin antiserum far very sensitive radioimmunoassay, synthetic $[lys^3]-bombesin$ conjugated to bovine serum albumin was subcutaneously injected into guinea pigs. The conjugation was performed using either carbodiimide or gIutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. The antisera were characterized by analysis of Scatchard and Sips plots. The antiserum LBE 2G/2 raised by repeat injection of the immunogen conjugated with carbodiimide showed the titer of 1 : 188,000, very low cross-reactivity to bombesin-like peptides except bombesin, with high affinity constant $(1.64{\times}10^{11}\;M^{-1})$ and high heterogeneity index (0.91). The antiserum LBG 1G/2 produced by repeat injection of the immunogen conjugated with glutaraldehyde possessed the titer of 1 : 43,000, high cross-reactivity to some bombesin-like peptides, high affinity constant $(1.19{\times}10^{11}\;M^{-1})$ and high heterogeneity index (0.79). These results indicate that the antiserum LBE 2G/2 is specific only to bombesin and that the antiserum LBG IG/2 binds to some bombesin-like peptides such as alytesin, gastrin releasing peptide and neuromedin C. The antiserum LBE 2G/2 is sufficient for the very sensitive radioimmunoassay of bombesin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

어류의 면역반응에 대한 cadmium (Cd)의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)를 각기 다른 방향으로 Cd에 노출시킨 후 특이적 면역반응의 변화와 Edrwrdsiella tarda KFE (E. tarda KFE)의 인위감염에 대한 저항성을 분석하였다. E. tarda KFE의 formalin killed cell (FKC)로 면역시키기 2주전부터 계속하여 실험 기간동안 침지법으로 Cd(20ppb)에 노출된 시험구는 노출되지 않은 시험구와 양성 대조구보다 혈청 내 특이 항체가가 빠르게 최고치에 이르렀으나, 감소속도는 노출시키지 않은 양성 대조구에 비하여 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경향은 splenocytes를 ELISPOT-assay (enzyme-linked immunospot assay)를 이용하여 특이 항체 생성 세포 (specific antibody secreting cell, SASC) 수를 분석해 보았을 때에도 동일하게 나타났다. 그러나 면역 전 2주 동안만 Cd에 노출시킨 시험구에서는 혈청내 항체생성 결과와는 달리 증가된 SASC의 수를 보여 주었다. 그리고 면역 2주 전부터 실험 전기간동안 계속해서 Cd에 노출시킨 넙치를 대상으로 하여 E. tarda FKC 생균으로 인위 감염시켰을 때 100% 폐사율을 보여 주었다. 이것은 Cd에 지속적으로 노출된 어류에서의 방어 체계는 면역반응뿐만 아니라 독성효과도 함께 고려되어야 하는 복합적인 것임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

Vaccination is the most powerful and useful preparation against infectious diseases. However, developing vaccines costs a lot and requires extensive long-term efforts. Therefore, the government should research and develop vaccines with a national-level policy. To greatly enhance the success rate of vaccine development, the policy should be set up considering priorities such as the current status of domestic research, the importance for public health, the urgency of research. The Delphi technique was utilized to draft this survey, through a brainstorming stage, then two inquiries, and finally the final panel meeting where unresolved items were discussed, to draw the conclusion. Among the results, firstly, the highest ranked item on centralized fields for vaccine development by the Ministry of Health was 'self-sufficiency of vaccines.' Secondly, 'emerging infectious disease' was most highly ranked in prioritized fields of vaccine development and research. Thirdly, for the vaccine that needs to be improved and developed further by the government to improve its efficacy and safety, BCG (Bacille de Calmette) for tuberculosis was ranked the highest on both types (intradermal and subcutaneous injection) from National Immunization Programme (NIP) and non-NIP. As for the high risk pathogens, 'anthrax' and 'smallpox' were first and second, consecutively. Lastly, 'development and control of vaccine candidates' was ranked the highest for the area in need for technique development in order to improve domestic vaccine's research level. The results of this study will be put to good use as basic data for the national vaccine research and development (R&D) policy of the country. This study was first step and more studies should be carried out for the final decision of the national vaccine R&D priority.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1991

This experiment was carried out to develop a new technique of identifying XX of XY-bearing bisected embryos prior to implantation by immunological method. H-Y antiserum prepared in inbred Wastar female rats by repeated immunization with spleen cells from males of the same strain. The reactivity of H-Y antibody was confirmed by culturing mouse embryos in the medium containing H-Y antiserum and complement obtained from the guinea pig. The optimal condition for the activity of H-Y antibody was also investigated by culturing embryos under the concentraton or affected H-Y antibody was also investigated by culturing embryos under the concentration or affected H-Y antibody and culture rate. However, production of live young or sex rates of male and female from embryos transferred with psudopregnant. The biological test with the morula stage embryos showed that H-Y antibody was formed in all female rats immunized with spleen cell, but it was formed only in 80% female rats immunized with the antigen. When the bisected mouse embryos were cultured in vitro for 5~6 hours in morula stage, of 457 bisected embryos 81.4% of then were developed to the blastocyst stage. When the concentration rate of complement to H-Y antiserum varied from 1.0~5.0${mu}ell$, the lysis-rate of embryo was 19.5 to 67.3%. The concentration rate of complement did not influence the lysis-rate of embryos(P<0.05). The morphology embryos of bisected, zona-free and intact embryos showed the embryos lysis rate of 58.6, 42.7 and 48.5% respectively(P<0.05). Pregnancy rate were 50.0, 45.5 and 57.1% in psudopregnant recipient transferred with bisected, zona-free and intact blastocyst embryos. However, production of live youngs, sexual rate of male or female was 24(50.0:50.0), 22(45.5:55.5) and 36(58.3:41.7)mice, but affected and non affected half embryos with H-Y antiserum treatment was 23.1 and 26.7%. Also production of live youngs and sexual rate was 14(92.9:7.1) and 17(17.6:82.4)mice in affected and non affected half embryos in H-Y antiserum treatment(P<0.05).