• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2015

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic loss and devastating effect on international trade of animal or animal products. Since FMD outbreaks have recently occurred in some Asian countries, it is important to understand the relationship between diverse immunogenomic structures of host animals and the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We performed genome wide association study based on high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for identifying FMD resistant loci in Holstein cattle. Among 624532 SNP after quality control, we found that 11 SNPs on 3 chromosomes (chr17, 22, and 15) were significantly associated with the trait at the p.adjust <0.05 after PERMORY test. Most significantly associated SNPs were located on chromosome 17, around the genes Myosin XVIIIB and Seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like, which were associated with lung cancer. Based on the known function of the genes nearby the significant SNPs, the FMD resistant animals might have ability to improve their innate immune response to FMDV infection.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.362-366
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• 2005

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important pig pathogen, which is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection. To develop subunit vaccines for A. pleuropneumoniae infection, the Apx toxin genes, apxI and apxII, which are thought to be important for protective immunity, were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the induction of immune responses in mice was examined. The apxI and apxII genes were placed under the control of a yeast hybrid ADH2-GPD promoter (AG), consisting of alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH2) and the GPD promoter. Western blot analysis confirmed that both toxins were successfully expressed in the yeast. The ApxIA and ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody response assays showed dose dependent increases in the antigen-specific IgG antibody titers. The challenge test revealed that ninety percent of the mice immunized with ApxIIA or a mixture of ApxIA and ApxIIA, and sixty percent of mice immunized with ApxIA survived, while none of those in the control groups survived longer than 36 h. These results suggest that vaccination of the yeast ex­pressing the ApxI and ApxII antigens is effective for the induction of protective immune responses against A. pleuropneumoniae infections in mice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

Malaria is one of the most important public health problems in tropical areas on the globe. Several factors are associated with susceptibility to malaria and disease severity, including innate immunity such as blood group, hemoglobinopathy, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) polymorphisms. This study was carried out to investigate association among ABO blood group, thalassemia types and HO-1 polymorphisms in malaria. The malarial blood samples were collected from patients along the Thai-Myanmar border. Determination of ABO blood group, thalassemia variants, and HO-1 polymorphisms were performed using agglutination test, low pressure liquid chromatography and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Plasmodium vivax was the major infected malaria species in the study samples. Distribution of ABO blood type in the malaria-infected samples was similar to that in healthy subjects, of which blood type O being most prevalent. Association between blood group A and decreased risk of severe malaria was significant. Six thalassemia types (30%) were detected, i.e., hemoglobin E (HbE), ${\beta}$-thalassemia, ${\alpha}$-thalassemia 1, ${\alpha}$-thalassemia 2, HbE with ${\alpha}$-thalassemia 2, and ${\beta}$-thalassemia with ${\alpha}$-thalassemia 2. Malaria infected samples without thalassemia showed significantly higher risk to severe malaria. The prevalence of HO-1 polymorphisms, S/S, S/L and L/L were 25, 62, and 13%, respectively. Further study with larger sample size is required to confirm the impact of these 3 host genetic factors in malaria patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2014

Fiber optic sensors (FOS) have advantages such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity, corrosion resistance and multiplexing capability. For these reasons, they are widely used in various condition monitoring systems (CMS). This study investigated a muscular condition monitoring system using fiber optic sensors (FOS). Generally, sensors for monitoring the condition of the human body are based on electro-magnetic devices. However, such an electrical system has several weaknesses, including the potential for electro-magnetic interference and distortion. Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors overcome these weaknesses, along with simplifying the devices and increasing user convenience. To measure the level of muscle contraction and relaxation, which indicates the musle condition, a belt-shaped FBG sensor module that makes it possible to monitor the movement of muscles in the radial and circumferential directions was fabricated in this study. In addition, a uniaxial tensile test was carried out in order to evaluate the applicability of this FBG sensor module. Based on the experimental results, a relationship was observed between the tensile stress and Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensors, which revealed the possibility of fabricating a muscular condition monitoring system based on FBG sensors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.594-600
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• 2014

In modern warfare, securing communication channel by combatting opponents' electromagnetic attack is a crucial factor to win the war. Military satellite digital transponder is a communication payload of the next generation military satellite that maintains warfare networks operational in the presence of interfering signals by securely relaying signals between ground terminals. The transponder in this paper is classified as a partial processing transponder which performs cost effective secure relaying in satellite communication links. The control functions of transmission security achieve immunity to hostile interferences which may cause malicious effects on the link. In this paper, we present an efficient architecture for implementing the control mechanism. Two major ideas of pipelined processing in per-group control and software processing of blocked band information dramatically reduce the complexity of the hardware. A control code sequence showing its randomness with uniform distribution is exemplified and qualification test results are briefly presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2004

This paper deals with EMC filter for a personal computer( PC). A PC contains many sources of noise inside and out, with many connected cables. High noise levels are also emitted from the PC became of high-speed signals. So radiated noise from the computer body may sometimes cause problems. Therefore, we design and fabricate an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter for PC, which is composed of feed-through capacitors and ferrite beads with high permeability. Through extensive test, the proposed EMC filter is shown to have excellent differential-mode and common-mode noises filtering characteristics above 30 dB in the frequency band from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The immunity characteristics are improved more than 10 to 30 dB over the frequency band from DC to 1.8 GHz

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2005

Background: 1-8D gene is a member of human 1-8 interferon inducible gene family and was shown to be overexpressed in fresh colon cancer tissues. Three peptides 1-6, 3-5 and 3-7 derived from human 1-8D gene were shown to have immunogenicity against colon cancer. Methods: To study tumor immunotherapy, of three peptides we established an active immunization model using HHD mice. $D^{b-/-}{\times}{\beta}2$ microglobulin $({\beta}2m)$ null mice transgenic for a chimeric HLA-$A2.1/D^{b-}\;{\beta}2m$ single chain (HHD mice) were challenged with B16/HHD/1-8D tumor cells and were immunized with irradiated peptide-loaded RMA- S/HHD/B7.1 transfectants. In therapy model tumor growth was retarded in HHD mice that were injected with 3-5 peptide-loaded RMA-S/HHD/B7.1. In survival test vaccination with 1-8D-derived peptide protects HHD mice from tumor progression after tumor challenge. Results: These studies show that peptide 3-5 derived from 1-8D gene can be the most effective candidate for the vaccine of immunotherapy against colon cancer and highlight 1-8D gene as putative colon carcinoma associated antigens. Conclusion: We demonstrated that RMA-S/HHD/ B7.1 loaded with 1-8D peptides, especially 3-5, immunization generates potent antitumor immunity against tumor cells in HHD mice and designed active immunization as proper immunotherapeutic protocols.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

This paper presents the improvement of the field uniformity in a reverberation chamber which can be substitute an anechoic chamber for the electromagnetic interference (EMI) and immunity test. Nowadays, there are many EMI issues due to the increasing use of wireless local area network (LAN), digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB), and mobile internet. With this reason, this paper studied the field characteristics in a reverberation chamber for 2.3 GHz band. In this paper, the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze the field characteristics in a reverberation chamber. To improve the field uniformity in the reverberation chamber, this paper adopted a 2D cubical residue diffuser (CRD) with varying the disposition and number of CRD. For each case, the tolerance and standard deviation of the electric field strength are evaluated. In comparison with the reverberation chamber without any CRD, the reverberation chamber with two CRDs showed improved results; 1.98 dB improvement in standard deviation and 3.6 dB improvement in tolerance.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2003

In a mutagenicity test using the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100, the Xanthium strumarium L. extracts had not a mutagenicity. The extracts were assayed that antioxidative effect using a colony formation assay. The extracts showed protective effects against the cytotoxicity of H$_2$O$_2$ and increased the immunity induced by TNF and IL-1${\beta}$. The modulating effect of Xanthium strumarium L. extract on the induction of carcinogenesis by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidin (MNNG), was investigated in Wistar rats. The GSH content was found to be reduced by MNNG treatment, but increased on adding extract. In addition the Xanthium strumarium L. extract increased p53 expression versus MNNG alone.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2345-2351
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• 2014

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, is a copper-dependent enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of lysine residues on protein substrates. LOXL2 was found to be overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in our previous research. We later identified a LOXL2 splicing variant LOXL2-delta72 and we overexpressed LOXL2-delta72 and its wild type counterpart in ESCC cells following microarray analyses. First, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of LOXL2 and LOXL2-delta72 compared to empty plasmid were applied to generate protein-protein interaction (PPI) sub-networks. Comparison of these two sub-networks showed hundreds of different proteins. To reveal the potential specific roles of LOXL2- delta72 compared to its wild type, the DEGs of LOXL2-delta72 vs LOXL2 were also applied to construct a PPI sub-network which was annotated by Gene Ontology. The functional annotation map indicated the third PPI sub-network involved hundreds of GO terms, such as "cell cycle arrest", "G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle", "interphase", "cell-matrix adhesion" and "cell-substrate adhesion", as well as significant "immunity" related terms, such as "innate immune response", "regulation of defense response" and "Toll signaling pathway". These results provide important clues for experimental identification of the specific biological roles and molecular mechanisms of LOXL2-delta72. This study also provided a work flow to test the different roles of a splicing variant with high-throughput data.