• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.161-164
• /
• 2009

Ginseng is one of the most popular herbs throughout the world. Ginsenosides, the active constituent of ginseng, have been suggested to have diverse effects on cardiovascular, immune, mood and endocrine systems as well as cognitive performance. Many studies have revealed the beneficial effect of ginseng on cognition in normal human subjects and in animals. Recently, a few studies showing effects of ginseng on the patients with Alzheimer's disease have been reported. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear at this stage and it is still obscure whether ginseng is cognitive stimulant or disease modifying agent. More detailed studies exploring the relationship between clinical efficacy and pathophysiology are required.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
• /
• pp.363-365
• /
• 2007

Novel concept of sensor mat and its signal processing method is proposed for patient monitoring in medical application. Proposed sensor mat structure has sensing inner layer which has cross-linked arrangement using plastic optical fiber(POF). Large core diameter of plastic optical fiber behaved as band pass filter by averaging the noise component. caused by unwanted environmental factors. Signal processor followed by sensor output added noise immune performance by filtering out unwanted component. Fail-proof patient breath monitoring scheme was realized by using intelligent decision algorithm. Unlike the conventional approach by using mechanical sensor, which have high sensitivity both to intruder and to environmental noise, our approach provided reliable breath motion detection.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we propose a new color interpolation method based on trilateral filter approach, which not only preserve the high-frequency components(image edge) while interpolating the missing raw data of color image(bayer data pattern), but also immune to the image noise components and better preserve the detail of the low-frequency components. The method is the trilateral filter approach applying a gradient to the low frequency components of the image signal in order to preserve the high-frequency components and the detail of the low-frequency components through the measure of the freedom of similarity among adjacent pixels. And also we perform Gaussian smoothing to the interpolated image data in order to robust to the noise. In this paper, we compare the conventional demosaicing algorithm and the proposed algorithm using 10 test images in terms of hue MAD, saturation MAD and CPSNR for the objective evaluation, and verify the performance of the proposed algorithm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.1292-1302
• /
• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation in weaning pig diet on growth performance, blood profile, carcass characteristics and economic analysis on weaning to finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 120 cross bred ([Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace]${\times}$Duroc) weaning pigs were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment had 4 replications with 6 pigs per pen. Five different levels of RSM (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) were used as dietary treatments. Results: Overall, no treatment showed significant differences in growth performance with increased dietary RSM levels. The concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased as dietary RSM levels increased in 6 weeks (linear response, p<0.01). Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine showed no significant differences, neither were there any significant differences in the immune response (IgG and IgA). As the dietary RSM levels of weaning pig diet were increased, no differences were found among dietary treatments upon performing proximate analyses of the pork after finishing. The influence of RSM supplementation on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention were not affected by dietary RSM levels either. With increased dietary RSM levels in the weaning pig diet, no differences among dietary treatments were found after performing proximate analyses of the pork's physiochemical properties. In addition, there were no significant differences observed in pork colors, pH levels, and economic benefits. Conclusion: Consequently, this experiment demonstrated that weaning pig's diet containing RSM influenced BUN concentration, but there were no detrimental effects on the growth performance of weaning pigs with up to 8% RSM in the diet.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.477-486
• /
• 2017

This review provides an overview of dietary nucleotides as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for weaning pigs. Dietary nucleotides are composed of DNA or RNA molecules and are normally contained in protein-rich feed ingredient, brewer's yeast, yeast extract, and milk. Weaning pigs are suffering from several stresses, such as environmental challenges (i.e. crowding, transportation, and feeding). Such stressors can damage the intestinal epithelium and cause an invasion by Escherichia coli, secondary inflammatory responses, and post weaning diarrhea. To overcome weaning disorder, people often use antibiotics which reduce symptoms and boost growth performance. However, since antibiotics were banned due to concerns of antibiotic resistant bacteria, researchers are studying alternative materials to antibiotics. Dietary nucleotides are one of the alternative materials for replacing antibiotics and can be used in abnormal conditions, such as weaning diarrhea, low digestibility, and disease condition. Nucleotides have substances that have important roles in cell division and cell growth, affecting growth performance, intestinal condition, and immunological effect at the weaning stage. However, nucleotides' composition is very different between sources and this aspect makes it difficult to utilize nucleotides at the weaning stage. Therefore, this review paper focuses on i) the characteristics and functions of dietary nucleotides and ii) the effect of dietary nucleotides on the growth performance and immune system of pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary onion (Allium cepa) extract (OE) supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract retention (ATTR), blood profile, carcass characteristics and meat quality in broilers. Methods: Four hundred male broiler chicks (Ross 308, 3-d old) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments for 28 d feeding trial. Each treatment has five replications with 20 birds each. Four dietary treatments were designated according to the OE supplementation levels (0 as control, 5, 7.5, and 10 g of OE per kg of basal diet respectively). On d 28, a total of 20 birds from each treatment were subjected for ATTR, serum biochemical assay, carcass characteristic and organ weight measurement. Results: Overall weight gain of OE 7.5 g/kg group was higher (p = 0.04) than control group. The ATTRs of dietary energy (p<0.01) and ether extract (p = 0.04) linearly increased with increasing levels of dietary OE. However, no difference in ATTR of dry matter and crude protein was evident. Furthermore, serum IgG concentration increased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p = 0.03) with increasing OE supplementation. No differences in carcass dressing weight and amount of abdominal fat by treatments were observed. Also, the weight of organ including immune organ was not different among the treatments. The TBARS values of 10 d stored breast meat decreased linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) with increasing dietary OE levels. The meat color was also affected, with lower (p<0.01) redness score in meats from OE supplemented groups. This study showed that dietary OE improved broiler weight gain presumably by increasing feed intake and ATTR of both energy and ether extract. The dietary OE increased serum IgG level and meat anti-oxidation capacity. Conclusion: This study implies that the recommended level of dietary OE supplementation could be beneficial for improving broiler performance and meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.180-185
• /
• 1999

Effects of host immunization on bacterial translocation and growth performance in weanling piglets were studied. Twenty four barrows were assigned to one of two immunization treatments: Control group (CON: immunized with placebo) or Immunization group [IMMU: immunized with Antigen cocktail; Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), Ovalbumin (OA), and Tetanus toxoid (TT)]. On d0, piglets were weaned and intramuscularly immunized with 2 ml of placebo or Antigen cocktail, respectively. Antigen-specific Ig titers were determined by ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). Ig titers to E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were measured as the indicator of bacterial translocation. Ig titers to LPS were higher (p<0.10, 0.05 or 0.01) in CON group before immunization (d0), but the difference disappeared with time and IgA titers to LPS became higher (p<0.05) in IMMU group on d39. In IMMU group, IgG titers to LPS from d28 onwards showed positive correlations (p<0.10, 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001) with IgG titers to KLH from d11 onwards and with IgM titers to KLH from d7 onwards. Generally, growth performance was negatively related to IgG titers to LPS. Average daily gain for d28 to d35 showed negative correlations (p<0.10, 0.05, or 0.01) with IgG titers to LPS on d28 onwards in immunization group. These results reveal some evidences that host immunization might facilitate bacterial translocation and high humoral immune responses to LPS are negatively related with the growth performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.607-613
• /
• 2010

The influence of dietary supplementation with blended essential oil on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal characteristics was evaluated in 125 crossed ((Duroc ${\times}$Yorkshire) ${\times}$Landrace) pigs (6.21${\pm}$0.20 kg initial body weight and 21 d average age). The pigs were allotted to the following treatments: i) NC (antibiotic free diet), ii) PC (NC diet+44 ppm tylosin), iii) T1 (NC diet+0.1% essential oil), iv) T2 (NC diet+0.1% essential oil (with 0.3% Benzoic acid)) and v) T3 (NC+22 ppm tylosin and 0.05% essential oil). Average daily gain (ADG) was improved in the T2 group on d 14 (p<0.05). In addition, nutrient digestibility was partially affected (both positively and negatively) by the treatments. Furthermore, the immune system was stimulated and the fecal pH and fecal noxious gases were improved in pigs that received the diets supplemented with essential oil (p<0.05). The appearance and score of diarrhea also tended to be lower in pigs that were subjected to the essential oil treatments. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that supplementation of the diet with blended essential oils could replace treatment with antibiotics to improve growth performance and fecal characteristics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제66권2호
• /
• pp.398-411
• /
• 2024

Upregulation of the nutritional value of feed is the major target of various studies in the livestock industry, and dietary enzyme supplementation could aid in digesting the nondegrading nutrients of grains in feed ingredients. Dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) is a byproduct of the fermentation process in the beverage industry and can be used as a large supply source of fiber in feed. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with male broiler chickens to investigate the effect of various types of enzymes on DDGS and compare the efficacy of single enzyme and multienzyme complexes on growth performance and gut environments in broiler chickens. We used 420 1-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308), and they were allotted into 4 dietary treatments with seven replications (CON, corn-soybean meal [SBM] diet; NC, DDGS supplemented diet; SE, 0.05 % of mannanase supplemented DDGS-based diet; MC, 0.10% of multienzyme complex (mannanase and xylanase, glucanase) supplemented DDGS-based diet. The dietary exogenous enzyme in the DDGS-supplemented diet could improve growth performance as much as the growth of the control group, and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were significantly increased by enzyme addition in groups of chicks fed DDGS-supplementation diet. Moreover, the populations of pathogenic bacteria, coliforms, and Bacteroidetes were significantly decreased by enzyme supplementation, which might lead to improved gut mucus-secreting cells and inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum. Collectively, dietary single enzyme and multienzyme complexes could improve gut environments, including intestinal immune responses and gut microbial population, and lead to improvement of growth performance in broiler chickens.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.351-359
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 황금 추출물의 수준별 급여가 육계에서 성장 성적, 항체 생성 및 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1일령 Ross 육계 수평아리 750수를 실험동물로 공시하여 각 처리구별 150수, 반복 당 30수씩을 체중이 유사하도록 완전임의 배치하였고, 항생제를 첨가하거나 첨가하지 않은 기초사료에 황금 추출물을 0.1, 0.3 또는 0.5% 수준으로 각각 첨가하여 전체 5개 처리구에 5반복으로 구성하였다. 실험기간 중의 사료 섭취량, 증체량 및 사료 요구율을 평가하였고, 조직의 상대적 중량과 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도를 조사하였다. 생독백신 접종 이후의 체액성 면역반응에 미치는 영향과 맹장 내용물 내의 균총을 평가하였다. 황금 추출물 0.1% 및 0.3% 첨가구의 종료 시 체중과 증체량은 (-) 대조구에 비해 유의하게 높거나(P<0.05) 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 황금 추출물의 첨가급여로 인한 혈액 내 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 함량 및 HDL-C/total-C 비율에는 처리간에 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. NDV 항체가와 IBV 항체가는 대조구에 비해 황금 추출물 추출물을 급여한 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 유의하게 증가하거나(P<0.05), 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 황금 추출물 첨가구에서 coli form 박테리아 수가 (-) 대조구에 비해 0.3% 및 0.5% 첨가구에서 유의하게 감소하거나(P<0.05), 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 황금 추출물의 첨가급여는 성장 개선 및 생리활성의 부여 측면에서 항생제 대체제로서의 활용 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 판단되었다.