• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.827-836
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• 2001

The PID controller has been widely applied to the most control systems because of its simple structure and east designing. One of the important points to design the PID control system is to tune the approximate control parameters for the given target system. To find the PID parameters using Ziegler Nichols(ZN) method needs a lot of experience and experiments to ensure the optimal performance. In this paper, CMIA(Cell Mediated Immune Algorithm) controller is proposed to drive the autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) more effectively. The proposed controller is based on specific immune responses of the biological immune system which is the cell mediated immunity. To verify the performance of the proposed CMIA controller, some experiments for the control of steering and speed of that AGV are performed. The tracking error of the AGV is mainly investigated for this purpose. As a result, the capability of realization and reliableness are proved by comparing the response characteristics of the proposed CMIA controllers with those of the conventional PID and NNPID(Neural Network PID) controller.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.465-479
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• 2020

Objective: This study performed a meta-analysis of published trials to determine the effects of zinc on the immune response and production performance of broilers. Methods: A database was built from published literature regarding the addition of zinc forms or doses and their relation to the immune response and production performance of broilers. Different doses or forms of zinc were identified in the database. The recorded parameters were related to the immune response and production performance. The database contained a total of 323 data points from 41 studies that met the criteria. Then, the data were processed for a meta-analysis using a mixed model methodology. The doses or different forms of zinc were considered fixed effects, different studies were treated as random effects, and p-values were used as the model statistics. Results: An increase in zinc dose increased (p<0.05) pancreas metallothionein (MT) and zinc concentrations in the plasma, tibia and meat, all in quadratic patterns, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Regarding the different zinc forms, both inorganic and organic zinc increased (p<0.05) the zinc concentrations in the plasma and tibia, the calcium and phosphorus contents in the tibia, and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase in meat as compared to control. An increase in zinc dose increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) following a quadratic pattern (p<0.05). Inorganic and organic zinc decreased (p<0.05) FCR and H/L ratio than that of control, but these two forms were similar for these parameters. Conclusion: Zinc addition has a positive impact on immunity and broiler production. Zinc can suppress stress and inhibit the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in broilers, and it can also improve ADG, FCR, and the quality of broiler carcasses.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.259-267
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear variable PID controller using a cell-mediated immune response. An immune feedback response is based on the functioning of biological T-cells. An immune feedback response and P-controller of conventional PID controllers resemble each other in role and mechanism. Therefore, we extend immune feedback mechanism to nonlinear PE controller. And in order to choose the optimal nonlinear PID controller games, we also propose the on-line tuning algorithm of nonlinear functions parameters in immune feedback mechanism. The trained parameters of nonlinear functions are adapted to the variations of the system parameters and any command velocity. And the adapted parameters obtained outputs of nonlinear functions with an optimal control performance. To verify performances of the proposed control systems, the speed control of nonlinear BC motor is performed. The simulation results show that the proposed control systems are effective in tracking a command velocity under system variations.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.137-150
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• 2019

Although the research of immune-based anomaly detection technology has made some progress, there are still some defects which have not been solved, such as the loophole problem which leads to low detection rate and high false alarm rate, the exponential relationship between training cost of mature detectors and size of self-antigens. This paper proposed an intrusion detection method based on changes of antibody concentration in immune response to improve and solve existing problems of immune based anomaly detection technology. The method introduces blood relative and blood family to classify antibodies and antigens and simulate correlations between antibodies and antigens. Then, the method establishes dynamic evolution models of antigens and antibodies in intrusion detection. In addition, the method determines concentration changes of antibodies in the immune system drawing the experience of cloud model, and divides the risk levels to guide immune responses. Experimental results show that the method has better detection performance and adaptability than traditional methods.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.49 no.9
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• pp.433-445
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• 2000

In this paper, optimal tuning problem of power system stabilizer(PSS) using Immune Algorithm(IA) is investigated to improve power system dynamic stability. In proposed method, objective function is represented as antigens. An affinity calculation is embedded within the algorithm for determining the promotion or suppression of antibody. An antibody that most fits the antigen is considered as the solution to PSS tuning problem. The computaton performance by the proposed method is compared with Genetic Algorithm(GA). The porposed PSS using IA has been applied for two sample system, single-machine infinite bus system and multi-machine power system. The performance of the proposed PSS is compared with that of conventional PSS. It is shown that the proposed PSS tuned using immune algorithm is more robust than conventional PSS.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2007

In addition to reduction in performance, immune functions are reduced in chickens under stress. These birds are more likely to be vulnerable to diseases compared with those raised under better environmental conditions and thus to require medication more frequently to cope with the diseases. In this review, two of the stress markers frequently used in chickens are exemplified first, followed by relationship between stress and immune functions, and the effects of stress on performance and immune functions.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.2572-2574
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• 2000

In this paper, cell-mediated immune algorithm(CMIA) controller was proposed and applied for the autonomous guided vehicle(AGV) driving. It was based on specific immune response of the biological immune system which is the cell-mediated immunity. To verify the performance of the designed CMIA controller, some experiments were performed for the control of steering and speed of AGV. And then the displacement and speed tracking error of the AGV was mainly investigated. As results, the capability of realization and reliableness were proved by comparing the response characteristics of the classical controller with the proposed CMIA controller.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.72-74
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose an adaptive PID controller using a cell-mediated immune response to improve a PID control performance. The proposed controller is based on the specific immune response of the biological immune system that is cell-mediated immunity. The immune system of organisms in the real body regulates the antibody and the T-cells to protect an attack from the foreign materials like virus, germ cells, and other antigens. It has similar characteristics that are the adaptation and robustness to overcome disturbances and to control the plant of engineering application. We first build a model of the T-cell regulated immune response mechanism and then designed an I-PID controller focusing on the T-cell regulated immune response of the biological immune system. We apply the proposed methodology to building structures to mitigate vibrations due to strong winds for evaluation of control performances. Through computer simulations, system responses are illustrated and additionally compared to traditional control approaches.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.88-96
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• 2006

While the crane system operate in port, one of main objective is to transport containers to the goal position as soon as possible. Because this is one of the biggest problem in terms of productivity of port, the container crane is operated by an expert operator until now. However recently an automatic control system with high performance is required to improve the performance of the crane system and to make high productivity. Therefore we developed an optimal controller based on Humoral Immune Algorithm with PID controller. The proposed system has a real time structure and can improve the performance such as anti-sway problem. Some computer simulations are implemented to assess the characteristics of the proposed controller.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix®, Tetraselmis chuii) on 1) maximal isometric strength and immune function in healthy humans following a oneweek high-intensity resistance-training program and 2) the proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise in a rat model. [Methods] In the human trial, 22 healthy male and female participants were randomly divided into marine phytoplankton and placebo groups. Following baseline testing, participants underwent a 14-day supplement loading phase before completing five consecutive days of intense resistance training. In the rat model, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 per condition): (i) control, (ii) exercise, (iii) exercise + marine phytoplankton (2.55 mg/kg/day), or (iv) exercise + marine phytoplankton (5.1 mg/kg/day). Rats in the exercising groups performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. [Results] In the human model, marine phytoplankton prevented significant declines in the isometric peak rate of force development compared to placebo. Additionally, salivary immunoglobulin A concentration was significantly lower following the resistance training protocol in the placebo group but not in the marine phytoplankton group. Marine phytoplankton in exercising rats decreased intramuscular levels and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and intramuscular concentrations of malondialdehyde. [Conclusion] Marine phytoplankton prevented decrements in indices of functional exercise recovery and immune function. Mechanistically, these outcomes could be prompted by modulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise.