• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2016

Kefir는 약한 신맛과 백색의 끈적한 특징을 가지는 산성-알코올성 발효유제품이다. Kefir는 오랫동안 probiotic 미생물로 면역조절 효과를 포함한 건강에 도움이 되는 발효유로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 Kefir grain를 이용한 유청발효액의 발효특성과 pro-inflammatory cytokine의 발현과 분비에 미치는 영향을 in vitro 실험을 통하여 조사하기 위해 수행했다. Kefir grain를 이용한 유청발효액의 유산균수와 효모수는 발효 16시간에 최고 수준인 1.83×10⁸ CFU/ml, 6.5×10⁵ CFU/ml로 나타났다. 또한 유당과 유청단백질은 부분적으로 가수분해되었다. Human mast cell (HMC)-1을 이용하여 in vitro에서 조사한 항염증 효과는 8, 16, 24시간 동안 발효한 유청발효액에서 pro-inflammatory cytokine인 interleukin (IL)-4가 발현되었으나 48시간 유청발효액에서는 발현되지 않았다. 또한 IL-8도 8, 16, 24시간 동안 발효한 유청발효액에서 발현되었으나 48시간 유청발효액에서는 발현되지 않았다. 이러한 cytokine들의 분비는 IL-4는 8, 16, 24시간 동안 발효한 유청발효액에서는 20-25 ng 정도였으나 48시간 유청발효액에서는 5 ng 정도로 낮았다. IL-8은 8, 16, 24시간 발효한 유청발효액에서는 15-20 ng 분비되었으나 48시간 유청발효액에서는 8 ng 정도로 낮았다. 이와 같이 Kefir grains을 이용한 유청발효액은 항염증 기능이 있어 기능성 식품소재와 의약품 소재로 응용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

복분자 열매의 추출물 모두 1.0mg/ml 이하의 농도로 투여 시는 정상세포 생존율을 85%이상으로 유지시켜 시료자체에 의한 독성은 나타나지 않으며, 각 추출물의 암세포에 대한 생육억제활성은 0.1 mg/ml의 낮은 농도에서도 비교적 $40{\sim}50%$의 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 추출물들은 0.5mg/ml 이상의 농도에서 MCF7에 대하여 78%이상, A549에 대하여서는 81%이상의 생육억제활성을 나타내었다. Hep3B에 대하여서는 70%이상의 높은 암세포 생육억제활성을 나타내었으며, AGS에 대하여 에탄올 추출물들이 약 79%정도의 암세포 생육억제활성을 나타내었다. 각 추출물의 selectivity에 있어서 각 추출물이 0.1mg/ml 에서 1.0mg/ml 농도에서 5이상의 수치를 나타내어 복분자 열매 추출물들이 암세포를 선택적으로 사멸하는 기작을 지닌 것을 확인하였다. 또한 각 시료들의 면역세포생육 증진 기능은 0.5mg/ml 농도에서 B세포의 생장을1.5배 이상 T세포의 경우 1.8배 이상의 생육증진효과를 나타내었다. 또한 물 추출물들이 에탄올 추출물에 비하여 높은 면역세포의 생육 증진활성을 나타냄을 확인하였고, cytokine의 생성측정 정도를 측정한 결과, IL-6는 물 추출물이 배양 6일째 0.5mg/ml의 농도에서 최고 70 pg/ml의 분비량을 나타내었으며, $(TNF-{\alpha})$도 물 추출물이 배양 6일째 최고 78.8pg/ml의 분비량을 나타내었다. Acridine orange와 ethidium bromide로 형광 염색하여 인간 면역T cell에 대한 세포 사멸형태를 측정한 결과 배양 3일째부터 20% 이상의 세포들이 자가 사멸 형태로 사멸함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 높은 암세포 생육억제 활성을 나타낸 복분자 추출물들을 Microphysiometer를 이용하여 암세포(Heb3B)와 정상세포(HEL299)에 대한 대사(산화)활성도의 영향을 3시간 동안 측정한 결과, 0.5mg/ml 농도의 에탄올 추출물을 투여 후 서서히 세포의 산화가 나타남을 확인하였고, 정상세포에 비하여 암세포에 있어서 세포의 산화속도가 급격히 증가되었다. 각종 성인병과 관련된 효소들인 ACE, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, GST의 활성을 측정한 결과는 고혈압을 유도하는 효소인 ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)와 생체 내에서 혈당 상승의 결정적인 역할을 하는 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$의 작용의 경우 약간의 효과가 있었으나 유의적이지 못하였으며, 간의 중요 해독기전 중의 하나인 GST(gultathion-S-transferase)의 활성을 측정한 결과 1.0mg/ml의 농도에서 GST 활성을 1.6배 정도 높이는 것으로 나타내었다. 이러한 복분자를 기능성식품으로 개발 시 면역증진기능을 야기하는 기능성을 중심으로 면역증진활성을 지닌 제품을 중점 개발하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각되어지며, 이를 통하여 복분자의 부가가치를 높이고 이들에 대한 수요가 증가가 가능할 것으로 사료되어진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2013

탐라오가피를 이용하여 건강기능식품 개발 시 원료의 표준화를 위한 eleutheroside B, E 및 ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량 및 분석법 검증을 실시하였다. 분석법 검증결과, HPLC를 이용한 분석방법에서 표준용액의 피크유지시간과 탐라오가피 뿌리 및 줄기 추출물의 피크유지시간이 일치하였으며 동일한 spectrum을 나타내는 것으로 특이성을 확인하였다. Eleutheroside B와 E의 검량선은 각각 0.9997, 0.9999로 1에 가까운 높은 직선성을 보여주어 분석에 적합함을 알 수 있었다. Eleutheroside B와 E의 검출한계는 각각 $0.050{\mu}g/mL$, $0.025{\mu}g/mL$이었고 정량한계는 $0.250{\mu}g/mL$로 eleutheroside B와 E가 동일한 값으로 설정되었다. Eleutheroside B의 함량은 탐라오가피 뿌리 및 줄기에서 각각 $525.7{\pm}16.8$, $525.1{\pm}21.1{\mu}g/g$으로 큰 차이가 없었으며 eleutheroside E의 함량은 뿌리 및 줄기에서 각각 $1,315.3{\pm}22.7$, $1,037.5{\pm}22.2{\mu}g/g$으로 뿌리에 더 많은 eleutheroside E가 함유되어 있었다. 정밀도(RSD) 측정 결과, eleutheroside B와 E는 일간 정밀도에서 각각 1.4~5.0, 1.1~2.5%의 정밀도를 보여주었으며 일내 정밀도에서는 각각 2.8~2.9, 0.4~1.1%로 일간 정밀도보다 높은 정밀성을 나타내었다. 또한 eleutheroside B는 100.66~110.04%, eleutheroside E는 94.26~111.62% 범위의 회수율을 보여주어 실험방법에 대한 정확성을 검증하였다. ${\beta}$-Glucan 분석법 검증 결과, 100.03%의 회수율을 보였으며 분석오차는 2.33%로 높은 정확도를 보여주었고, 일간(inter-day) 정밀도는 1.32~5.67%이었으며 일내(intra-day) 정밀도는 8.01~11.76%의 정밀성을 나타내었다. 탐라오가피 줄기, 잎 및 열매의 ${\beta}$-glucan 함량은 각각 $5.32{\pm}0.38$, $4.34{\pm}0.32$, $3.71{\pm}0.22%$(w/w)로 줄기에 가장 많은 ${\beta}$-glucan이 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과, 지표성분인 eleutheroside B와 E의 HPLC를 이용한 동시분석 방법과 ${\beta}$-glucan 분석방법이 적합한 분석방법임이 검증되었다.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.159-193
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• 2015

병원감염 사례에 관한 판결의 주류적 태도는 병원감염 발생으로 인한 손해의 분담을 사실상 환자 측에 전가하는 문제가 있다고 판단되므로, 손해의 공평 타당한 분담을 그 지도 원리로 하는 손해배상제도의 이념에 비추어 환자 측의 증명책임을 대폭 완화하기 위한 방법을 강구할 필요성이 있다. 이와 관련하여 진료계약을 민법상 전형계약으로 규정하고, 병원감염과 같은 의료 측이 전적으로 지배할 수 있었던 경우에는 일반적 진료상 위험이 실현된 때 진료자의 오류가 추정된다고 명문으로 과실추정규정을 둔 독일민법을 검토하였다. 진료계약은 매우 빈번하고 광범위하게 일반 국민의 실생활에서 체결되고 있으며, 그로 인한 분쟁도 다양하게 발생하고 있으므로, 진료계약을 독일과 같이 민법의 전형계약으로 규정함으로써 계약 내용과 분쟁 발생 시 증명책임 등에 관해 규율할 필요성이 있다. 병원감염 사건의 경우 법률에 의해 과실을 추정하고, 병원감염 예방을 위한 노력을 철저히 시행한 기관에 한하여 병원감염 사고로 인한 손해가 발생한 경우 그 비용을 지원하도록 사회보험을 통한 제도적 보완이 필요하다고 생각되며, 향후 이에 관한 면밀한 연구와 검토가 요구된다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2020

비타민D는 체내에서 칼슘 대사를 조절하여 뼈의 건강을 유지하며, 세포의 증식 및 분화의 조절, 면역 기능 등에 관여하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 부족 시 구루병, 골다공증의 위험이 높아지고 심혈관계 질환, 당뇨병, 일부 암 등의 발병 위험이 증가하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 특히 한국은 비타민D 부족의 인구 비율이 매우 높은 국가 중 하나이다. 따라서 비타민D 부족의 진단 및 치료를 위해 혈중 25-OH-VitD 또는 25-OH-VitD3의 정확한 측정이 요구된다. 이에 본원에서 시행하고 있는 25-OH-VitD와 25-OH-VitD3검사를 비교 평가하여 비타민D에 대한 정확한 진단 및 치료에 기여하고자 한다. 25-OH-VitD와 25-OH-VitD3의 결과를 전향적으로 측정하여 상관성, 재현성, 모집단 분포율을 구하였다. 또한 2017년 4월에서 2019년 6월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학과 혈액검사실에서 측정한 내부정도관리와 대한핵의학기술학회에서 주관하는 2018년 상반기, 하반기 외부정도관리(기관간 숙련도 평가)에 참여한 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과 97개의 검체를 대상으로 25-OH-VitD는 25-OH-VitD3 × 0.9 + 0.3 (R >0.9)로 강력한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 반복 측정을 통한 재현성 평가 결과 평균 diff(%) 값은 7.7%, 7.4%로 모두 우수한 성적을 나타내었다. 또한 모집단 분포를 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 2017년 4월에서 2019년 6월까지 서울아산병원 핵의학 혈액검사실에서 측정한 내부정도관리 결과값은 평균(CV%) 6.2%, 6.8%을 나타내었다. 2018년 상반기 외부정도관리(기관간 숙련도 평가) 수행도 평가 결과 Z 값이 25-OH-VitD는 저, 중, 고농도에 대해 -1.10, -1.00, -0.90이며 25-OH-VitD3는 0.22, 0.47, 1.10이고 하반기 수행도 평가 결과는 각각 -0.80, -0.30, -0.10과 -0.01, 1.50, 1.30으로 모두 Z ≤ 2.0의 적합한 결과를 얻었다. 방사면역 측정법에 의한 25-OH-VitD와 25-OH-VitD3 검사의 비교 평가 결과 상관성, 재현성, 모집단 분포율, 내부정도관리, 외부정도관리(기관간 숙련도 평가) 모두 우수한 성적을 보였다. 따라서 혈액 내 25-OH-VitD 또는 25-OH-VitD3로 단독 측정이 가능한 방사면역 측정법은 비타민D 부족에 대한 스크리닝 검사로 적합한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

전염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 조절하는 전사인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$는 염증성 장질환 환자의 대장 점막에서 발현이 증가되어 있다고 보고하고 있으며 이를 억제하여 대장의 염증을 억제하려는 연구가 진행 중이다. 루테올린은 다양한 한약제에 포함되어 있는 플라보노이드 중 하나로 항염증 및 항산화작용이 있다고 알려져 있으며 LPS 자극된 대식세포에서 TNF-${\alpha}$ 분비의 억제 뿐만 아니라 전사인자인 NF-kB의 발현을 억제하여 항염증작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 DSS을 이용한 염증성 장질환 모델에서 루테올린의 장염의 치료효과를 보고자 하였다. C57BL/6 NF-${\kappa}B^{EGFP}$ 쥐에게 2.5% DSS를 투여하여 장염을 유발하였으며 치료군(n=6)에서는 매일 루테올린(1 mg/kg, vol 0.1 ml)을 비위관을 통해 경구투여 하였으며, 비치료군(n=6)에서는 매일 같은 양의 vehicle(vol 0.1 ml)를 투여하여 정상대조군(n=6)과 비교하였다. 실험 기간 동안 질병활성도를 기록하였으며, 투약 6일 후 모든 쥐를 희생하여 대장을 분리하여 길이를 측정하고, 조직검사를 시행하였다. 또한 대장점막조직을 배양하여 m IL-12 p40의 분비를 측정하였고, 공초점 형광현미경하에서 EGFP 발현의 정도를 관찰하였다. 질병의 활성도의 관찰에서 치료군에서 2.7점, 비치료군에서 2.5점으로 양군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없어 루테올린에 대한 장염예방효과는 없었다. 또한 치료군과 비치료군에서 대장점막의 m IL-12 p40의 분비 각각 $535.2{\pm}198.2pg/ml$, $412.5{\pm}48.2pg/ml$ 로 양군 사이의 차이는 없었다. 흥미롭게도 EGFP 발현은 치료군에서 오히려 높게 나타났으며, 공초점 형광현미경관찰에서 대부분의 고유근층하 대식세포에서 증가되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 루테올린의 경구 투여는 DSS 유발 염증성 장질환 모델에서 대장 점막 염증을 억제하는 대체 요법으로써의 치료효과는 관찰할 수 없었으며, 향후 항염증작용이 있다고 알려져있는 플라보노이드 물질의 개발에 신중함이 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2023

본 연구는 부화 후 10일부터 28일까지 사료내 삼채뿌리분말 첨가가 장내 미생물 균총, 장관면역, 및 장건강에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 10일령 Ross 308 육계 총 60수를 공시하여 체중을 측정한 후 난괴법을 이용하여 6반복으로 2처리구에 할당하였다. 실험사료는 옥수수-대두박 기반의 대조사료와 대조사료에서 옥수수 0.3% 대신 삼채뿌리분말 0.3%를 첨가한 처리사료로 구성하였고, 18일간 사료와 물을 무제한 급이하였다. 부화 후 28일째에 각 케이지마다 체중 중앙값에 근접한 2수를 선발하여 맹장내 분변 및 장관조직 샘플을 수집하였다. 사료내 삼채뿌리분말 첨가가 Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Limosilactobacillus, Cuneatibacter 및 Ruminococcoides와 같은 생균제 후보 미생물을 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 장관면역의 경우, 삼채뿌리분말 첨가가 helper T cell의 한 종류인 CD3+CD4+ T cell의 유의미한 감소(P=0.049)를 야기하였다. 또한 삼채뿌리분말 첨가가 사이토카인 및 항산화기능 관련 유전자 발현 분석에서 IL1b, IL6, 및 IL10과 같은 사이토카인에는 유의미한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으나 항산화기능 관련 유전자 GPX2 발현이 증가하는 경향이 확인되었다 (P=0.060). 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 종합해보면, 삼채뿌리분말을 첨가한 육계사료를 부화 후 10일부터 28일까지 급이 시 육계 장내미생물에 긍정적인 영향을 주고, 장건강을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1999

연구배경: 알레르기성 기관지 천식은 가역적인 기도폐색과 기관지의 과민성을 동반하는 기도의 만성적인 호산구성 염증성 질환으로서 기도의 염증발현에 관여하는 세포는 여러가지가 있지만 Th 림프구는 cytokine을 분비하여 염증반응을 조절하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. Th 림프구는 cytokine의 분비양상에 따라 Th1 림프구와 Th2 림프구로 나뉘어지며 Th1 림프구는 지연형 과민반응과 결핵균이나 바이러스 감염등에 대한 방어작용 그리고 종양에 대한 숙주반응에 관여하고 Th2 림프구는 즉시형 과민반응과 알레르기성 천식과 같은 알레르기성 질환 그리고 기생충 감염등에 대한 방어작용에 관여한다. Th1 림프구와 Th2 림프구는 서로 길항작용을 하는 것으로 알려지고 있어 대표적인 Th1 림프구 매개 질환인 결핵과 Th2 림프구 매개질환인 알레르기성 기관지 천식은 서로의 발생을 억제할 것으로 추정되며 알레르기성 기관지 천식환자에서는 Th2 림프구의 기능이 항진되어 Th1 림프구의 기능이 억제되고 반대로 Th1 림프구의 기능이 정상인 집단에서는 알레르기성 천식환자에 비해 Th2 림프구의 기능이 저하되어 있을 것으로 추정된다. 방 법: 정상 대조군과 알레르기성 천식환자군, 그리고 내인성 천식환자군에서 투베르쿨린 피부반응의 양상을 실시하여 지연형 과민반응의 양상을 관찰하고 혈청 IgE의 농도와 말초혈액 호산구 수를 조사하였다. 그리고 Th1 림프구에서 주로 생산되는 cytokine인 IFN-$\gamma$와 IL-12, Th2 림프구에서 주로 생산되는 IL-4, IL-5, IL-10의 혈청 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과: 투베르쿨린 피부반응의 양성율은 알레르기성 천식환자군이 내인성 천식환자군에 비해 투베르쿨린 피부반응에 대한 양성율이 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.05), 투베르쿨린 피부반응의 정도는 내인성 천식환자군에 비하여 알레르기성 천식환자에서 유의하게 감소되어 있었다 (p<0.05). IL-4와 IL-10은 알레르기성 천식환자군에서 다른 두 군에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 증가되어 있었고 IL-5는 알레르기성 천식환자군에서 다른 두 군에 비하여 유의하게 증가되어 있었다 (p<0.01). IL-12와 IFN-$\gamma$는 알레르기성 천식환자군과 내인성 천식환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소되어 있었다(p<0.05). 알레르기성 천식환자군에서 말초 혈액 호산구 수와 혈청 IgE 농도는 정상 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하여 있었다(p<0.05). 알레르기성 천식환자에서 말초혈액 호산구 수는 혈청 IgE(r=0.737, p=0.003), IL-5(r=0.352, p=0.038), IL-10(r=0.827, p=0.001)과 서로 유의한 상관관계를 보이면서 증가하고 있었다. 전체적으로 Th2 cytokine인 IL-5와 IL-10의 혈청 농도는 서로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내고 있었고(r=0.340, p=0.046), IL-12와 IFN-$\gamma$ 혈청 농도도 서로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내고 있었다(r=0.593, p=0.001). 결 론: 알레르기성 기관지 천식환자는 정상 대조군에 비하여 Th1 림프구의 기능이 저하되어 있었고 Th2 림프구의 기능은 항진되어 있었으며, 이러한 Th2 림프구의 기능 항진은 말초혈액 호산구 수와 혈청 IgE와 유의한 상관관계를 보이고 있어 Th2 림프구 기능 항진이 알레르기성 기관지 천식의 병인에 중요한 역할을 할 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.