• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2020

Purpose: Generally, the treatment of ankle trimalleolar open fractures is divided into two stages: external fixation and debridement; and secondary internal fixation. On the other hand, this two-stage operation takes considerable treatment time and is challenging in procedures requiring reduction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic and clinical results of an immediate one-stage internal fixation operation considering the wound conditions to overcome two stage operation disadvantages. Materials and Methods: From September 2009 to January 2018, 24 cases of ankle trimalleolar open fractures, who underwent immediate internal fixation and were followed up for at least one year, were studied retrospectively. The open wound was divided into the Gustilo-Anderson classification. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed on every medial and lateral malleolar fracture. On the other hand, with posterior malleolar fractures, surgical or conservative treatment was performed depending on the fragment size. The radiologic outcome was evaluated using the Burwell and Charnley criteria and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, and complications, such as infection and posttraumatic arthritis, were used for the clinical evaluation. Results: The wound was classified into eight cases (33.3%) of type I, 11 cases (45.8%) of type II, and five cases (20.8%) of type IIIa. The degree of reduction was anatomical, fair, and poor in 16 cases (66.7%), six cases (25.0%), and two cases (8.3%), respectively. The mean AOFAS score was 79 points, and there were complications, such as infection in three cases (12.5%) and post-traumatic arthritis in two cases (8.3%). Conclusion: Satisfactory results were obtained through immediate surgical treatment in ankle trimalleolar open fractures of types I, II, and IIIa.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2009

Cleft lip and palate patients show midface hypoplasia, maxillary hypoplasia due to scar of previous surgery, and manifest as a class III malocclusion, retruded midface and shallow palate. These deformities have been treated with traditional orthognathic surgery. Although conventional Le Fort I osteotomy was performed on most cleft patinets with midface hypoplasia, it showed limited amount of maxillary advancement and high relapse tendency. Recently, when great amount of advancement are required in severe maxillary hypoplasia, distraction osteogenesis using RED system is widely used. But, several months of consolidation period is needed after distraction osteogenesis, occlusal relationship is not stable until mandibular setback surgery has done in mandibular hyperplasia cases and during these period, patients may feel discomfort. We present clinical cases of immediate rigid internal fixation after completion of maxillary distraction using RED system and simultaneous mandibular setback procedure in adult cleft and lip patients who show both maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2023

Six months after undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) a 73-year-old woman sustained a periprosthetic scapular spine fracture following a fall. She was treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), followed by botulinum toxin injection into the deltoid muscle to temporarily minimize strain at the fracture. Fracture union was achieved by 3 months, with excellent clinical function more than 1 year following fracture fixation and full resolution of deltoid function. Scapular spine fracture following RSA can be treated with ORIF and temporary deltoid paralysis using botulinum toxin in the immediate postoperative period to safely support fracture healing.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2023

Purpose: Nondisplaced femoral neck fractures have traditionally been treated with in situ fixation. However, poor surgical and clinical outcomes have been reported for fractures with valgus deformity >15°, and the reduction of valgus impaction has recently been emphasized. In addition, early degenerative osteoarthritis can be caused by cam-type femoroacetabular impingement after healing of femoral neck fractures. This study was designed with the objective of confirming the difference in progression of radiographic osteoarthritis according to the severity of the valgus deformity. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent internal fixation using multiple cannulateld screws for management of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures were divided into two groups: high valgus group (postoperative valgus angle ≥15°) and low valgus group (postoperative valgus angle <15°). Evaluation of demographic data and changes in the joint space width from the immediate postoperative period to the latest follow-up was performed. Results: A significant decrease in joint space width in both hip joints was observed in the high valgus group when compared with the low valgus group, including cases with an initial valgus angle less than 15° and those corrected to less than 15° of valgus by reduction. No complications requiring surgical treatment were observed in either group; however, two cases of avascular necrosis, one in each group, which developed in the low valgus group after reduction of the fracture, were followed for observation. Conclusion: Performing in situ fixation in cases involving a valgus deformity ≥15° in non-displaced femoral neck fractures may cause accelerated narrowing of the hip joint space.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2000

Objective : Thoracolumbar junction is second most common level of injury next to cervical spine. The object of this study is to study the usefulness of surgical titanium mesh instead of bone graft, as well as to evaluate the correction of spinal deformity and safety of early ambulation in patients with injury at thoracolumbar junction. Patients and Methods : This review included 51 patients who were operated from July 1994 to December 1997. The injured spine is considered to be unstable, if it shows involvement of two or more columns, translatory displacement more than 3.5mm, decrease more than 35% in height of vertebral body and progression of malalignment in serial X-ray. The decision to operate was determined by (1) compression of spinal cord or cauda eguina, (2) unstable fracture, (3) malalignment and (4) fracture dislocation. The procedure consisted of anterior decompression through corpectomy and internal fixation with anterior instrument and surgical titanium mesh which was impacted with gathered bone chip from corpectomy. Results : Fifty-one patients were followed up for at least 12 months. The main causes of injury were fall and vehicle accident. The twelfth thoracic and the first and the second lumbar vertebrae were frequently involved. Complete neural decompression was possible under direct vision in all cases. Kyphotic angulation occurred in a patient. Radiologic evaluation showed correction of deformity and no distortion or loosening of surgical titanium mesh with satisfactory fixation postoperatively. Conclusions : We could obtain neurological improvement, relief of pain, immediate stabilization and early return to normal activities postoperatively. Based on these results, authors recommend anterior decompression and internal fixation with surgical titanium mesh in thoracolumbar unstable spine injuries.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2005

Treatment methods of mandibular condylar fracture were conservative and surgical method. Surgical method of mandibular high condylar fracture was very difficult because approach and internal fixation of small size fracture fragment were difficult. So there is a tendency to select conservative method over surgical method for guiding a stable occlusion and avoiding TMJ disorder and growth disturbance, minimizing pain and deviation during function. But, in case of mandibular high condylar fracture patient who has no biting teeth on posterior teeth area, guiding a stable occlusion and conservative functional treatment were very difficult. In this case, patient was 62years old male. He had fracture of mandibular symphysis, right mandibular body, left mandibular high condyle. We treated the patient for mandibular symphysis and right mandibular body fracture area with surgical method. But left mandibular high condylar fracture area was difficult to treat with surgical method. So we selected a conservative functional method on left mandibular high condylar fracture area. We intended recovery of vertical dimension and stable occlusion with implantation of immediate provisional implant on maxillar and mandibular posterior teeth area, and temporary crown. And then patient did mandibular functional movement and his mandibular function was recoverd.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1999

Avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia are not uncommon. In the displaced avulsion fracture, anatomical reduction and firm fixation of fracture fragments are needed but the most of the conventional operative techniques including arthroscopic technique are relatively complex and need. The results were not always satisfactory due to the risk of postoperative complications such as wound infection, premature epiphyseal closure and loss of fixation after early motion etc. So we describe a simple and safe modified method of arthroscopic reduction and fixation for avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. In our thirteen cases, we achieved anatomical reduction and secure fixation using cannulated screw through the three arthroscopic portals (anterolateral, medial mid-patellar and central). Postoperatively, immediate limited range of motion of the knee and partial weight bearing were possible. Additional use of the washer afforded safe fixation of comminuted avulsion fracture. The advantage of this technique includes its technical simplicity, easy removal of hardware, ability to treat comminuted type IV fracture with washer, no additional skin incision, no damage to growing plate in growth children and less morbidity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 1990

A series of 19 cases with maxillary hyperplasia and mandibular retrognathia were operated on by simultaneous superior repositioning of the maxilla after Le Fort I osteotomy and anterior repositioning of the mandible after bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomies with or without osteotomy of the inferior border of the mandible. These were evaluated by retrospective cephalometric and computer analysis for the longitudinal skeletal and dental changes for an average of 17.1 months after surgery. For stabilization of the osteotomized segments, the authors used wire osteosynthesis by means of bilateral infraorbital and zygomatic buttress suspension wire at the maxilla, and direct interosseous wire at the split segments of the mandibular rami. Results show generally good stability after simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery with wire osteosynthesis, and a minimal to moderate tendency toward skeletal and dental relapse. This article is a preliminary study to defy the efficiency of the wire osteosynthesis (wo)compared with rigid internal fixation (RIF) for simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery. 1. The vertical relapse rate of the A point after superior repositioning of the maxilla is 2.2%. 2. The horizontal relapse rate of the B point after advancement of the mandible is 18.3%. 3. The condyle is distracted inferiorly and slightly posteriorly at the immediate postoperative period. 4. At the long term follow up examination, the condyle presents tendency of return to the preoperative position. 5. Condylar segment angle is decreased at the immediate postoperative period, and at the long term follow up evaluation, the angle is increased. 6. Gonial angle is increased at the immediate postoperative period, and then is decreased at the long term follow up evaluation. 7. The dentition is satisfactory with acceptable movement at the long term follow up evaluation. 8. At the mandibular free body analysis, genioplasty shows good stability. 9. Wire osteosynthesis provides excellent stabilization for the simultaneous maxillary and mandibular surgery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.739-743
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• 2005

Subcondylar fractures have generally been treated by intermaxillary fixation except in cases where there is an absolute indication for open reduction. The reason behind a less aggressive surgical approach lies on the inherent difficulties in manipulating fragments in such a small area at the risk of damaging facial nerves or vessels such as the internal maxillary artery. However, long-term follow-up studies showed that conservative treatment of subcondylar fractures results in disturbances of occlusal function, deviation of the mandible, internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint, and ankylosis of the joint. We carried out open reduction of dislocated subcondylar fractures in 14 patients from 2000 to 2004 by a retromandibular approach. After the reduction of fractured bone, two H-shaped miniplates with 6 holes were fixed with screws at the anterior and posterior surfaces of the subcondyle. The retromandibular approach allowed good access and easy manipulation of the subcondyle. Immediate relief from malocclusion and correction of mandibular midline shifting were observed in all patients. Late temporomandibular dysfunction and ankylosis were not observed. Open reduction with plate osteosynthesis made it possible to avoid IMF in 7 of the 14 patients. The present study shows that open reduction through this retromandibular approach can produce good outcome in adult patients with subcondylar fracture.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.623-628
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• 2009

Purpose: In cases where nasal fractures involve frontal process of maxilla or perpendicular plate of ethmoid, 4 - 5 days of nasal packing may not provide sufficient support for avoiding displacement after packing removal. Therefore a single Kirschner - wire(K - wire) is used as an internal splint when nasal fractures involve the above two areas. Methods: Thirty five patients during the last 3 practical years were treated with a K -wire pinning according to the anatomic locations of nasal fractures. We performed a retrospective study using 13 nasal fractures out of total 35 patients. Among 13 cases, 10 patients involved frontal process of maxilla, and 3 patients were diagnosed as bilateral nasal side wall fractures accompanied with fractures of perpendicular plate of ethmoid. One patient of the last three cases had been augmented with dorsal silicone implant long before the trauma. We analyzed the anteroposterior displacement of key stone area and the width between both lateral walls by comparing immediate postoperative radiographs with 2 month follow - ups. To reduce the errors, the same measurements were taken by two different inspectors, and the mean of each inspector's measurements was compared. Patient satisfaction was analyzed using a questionnaire regarding the esthetic and functional outcomes. Results: Ten patients underwent a longitudinal K - wire fixation in submucoperiosteal plane underneath the frontal process of maxilla. And three patients underwent a transverse K - wire fixation from the one side of lateral wall to the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and to the other side of lateral wall. The mean postoperative anteroposterior displacement of the key stone area measured by two inspectors were 1.84% and 3.06%; mean narrowing of bony pyramid were 1.33% and 1.48%, respectively. Subjective satisfaction scores regarding the esthetic appearance and the maintenance of nasal shape compared with immediate post - operative state with the long term ones were not different (p>0.05). Conclusion: K - wire pinning after closed reduction is a reliable and useful method for the treatment of nasal fractures involving frontal process of maxilla or perpendicular plate of ethmoid. This is because it achieves longer intranasal support after reduction. This method also leaves conspicuous external scar, and minimal soft - tissue injury.