• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.674-682
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• 2002

최근 인터넷의 급속한 보급으로 인터넷을 이용한 사회 활동이 증가하고 이에 따라 전자상거래 분야에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 실세계에서의 상거래를 가상 공간인 인터넷으로 그대로 옮긴 전자상거래는 암호화된 기반 구조와 안전한 프로토콜을 통해 온라인으로 연결되어야 하며 이러한 상거래 환경에서는 정보의 보안성, 개별 거래에 대한 인증체계, 전자 지불 수단 및 관련 체계 등의 기본 조건이 만족해야 한다. 따라서 현재 많은 전자상거래 시스템들이 구축되어 서비스되고 각 시스템 별로 별도의 관리자를 두어 상호간의 정보를 교환하여 서로의 시스템을 보안에 관한 정보를 서로 상호 보안적인 관계를 유지하면서 시스템을 보안하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 관리자의 개입 없이도 많은 정보와 작업을 관리하여 전자상거래에서 많은 연구가 진행중인 에이전트를 이용하여 사용자에 게 안전한 전자상거래 서비스를 제공하기 위한 보안된 시스템 관리를 제시함으로써 보다 안전하고 편리한 전자상거래 서비스를 위한 보안 기법을 제안한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.418-423
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• 2016

Background Skin grafting is a relatively simple and thus widely used procedure. However, the elastic and structural quality of grafted skin is poor. Recently, various dermal substitutes have been developed to overcome this disadvantage of split-thickness skin grafts. The present study aims to determine the feasibility of RapiGraft as a new dermal substitute. Methods This prospective study included 20 patients with partial- or full-thickness skin defects; the patients were enrolled between January 2013 and March 2014. After skin defect debridement, the wound was divided into two parts by an imaginary line. Split-thickness skin grafting alone was performed on one side (group A), and RapiGraft and split-thickness skin grafting were used on the other side (group B). All patients were evaluated using photographs and self-questionnaires. The Manchester scar scale (MSS), a chromameter, and a durometer were used for the scar evaluation. The average follow-up period was 6 months. Results The skin graft take rates were 93% in group A and 89% in group B, a non-significant difference (P=0.082). Statistically, group B had significantly lower MSS, vascularity, and pigmentation results than group A (P<0.05 for all). However, the groups did not differ significantly in pliability (P=0.155). Conclusions The present study indicates that a simultaneous application of RapiGraft and a split-thickness skin graft is safe and yields improved results. Therefore, we conclude that the use of RapiGraft along with skin grafting will be beneficial for patients requiring reconstructive surgery.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2009

Objective : Intraoperative ventriculostomy is widely adopted to make the slack brain. However, there are few reports about hemorrhagic or parenchymal injuries after ventriculostomy. We tried to analyze and investigate the incidence of these complications in a consecutive series of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods : From September 2006 to June 2007, 43 patients underwent surgical clipping for aneurysmal SAH at our hospital. Among 43 patients, we investigated hemorrhagic or parenchymal injuries after intraoperative ventriculostomy using postoperative computed tomographic scan in 26 patients. After standard pterional craniotomy, ventriculostomy catheter was inserted perpendicular to the cortical surface along the bisectional imaginary line from Paine's point. Results : Hemorrhagic injuries were detected in 12 of 26 patients (46.2%). Mean systolic blood pressure during anesthesia was with in statistically significant parameter related to hemorrhage (p=0.006). On the other hand, parenchymal injuries were detected in 11 of 26 patients (42.3%). Female and the amount of infused mannitol during anesthesia showed statistically significant parameters related to parenchymal injury (p=0.005, 0.04, respectively). However, there were no ventriculostomy-related severe complications. Conclusion : In our series, hemorrhagic or parenchymal injuries after intraoperative ventriculostomy occurred more commonly than previously reported series in aneurysmal SAH patients. Although the clinical outcomes of complications are generally favorable, neurosurgeon must keep in mind the frequent occurrence of brain injury after intraoperative ventriculostomy in the acute stage of aneurysmal SAH.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.815-821
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of accessibility to dental cervices of maxillary molars upon plaque control level of these areas. Fifthy-seven dental students with healthy gingiae participated in this study. Maxillary dental casts were fabricated for each participants. Using the casts, cervical accessibility was measured at the mid-palatal point of maxillary first and second molars. Cervical accessibility was defined as the perpendicular distance from the entrance of gingival sulcus to the imaginary line between the most protruded points of palatal gingiva and tooth surface, and classified into degree I(${\leq}0.5mm$), II($>0.5mm,\;{\leq}1.0mm$), III($>1.0mm,\;{\leq}1.5mm$), and IV(>1.5mm). Plaque score was recorded as the distance from crest of gingival margin to the most coronal extent of plaque. Measurements of plaque score were repeated 3 times at 1-week intervals. After the baseline measurements, the participants began to use unitufted brushes on randomly assigned right or left side. Two weeks later, a session of plaque score records identical to the baseline measurements was started. The maxillary second molars showed higher cervical accessibility than the first molars(p<0.01), but the plaque scores of maxillary second molars were also higher than those of first molars(p<0.01). For the maxillary first molars, correlation between accessibility and plaque score was statistically significant, but such correlation was not found for the second molars. Use of unitufted brushes decreased the plaque score(p<0.01). Correlation between accessibility and the degree of plaque score improvement was not found. These findings suggest that cervical accessibility may influence the amount of plaque, and use of adjunctive oral hygiene devices may be helpful in maintaining optimal oral hygiene level at the areas of low cervical accessib ility.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.918-922
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• 1998

With the development of industry, the qualitical advancement of power is needed. Since it is placed in the end step of power system, the fault at the distribution system causes some users blackout directly. So if the fault occurs, quick restoration is very important subject and, for the reason, induction of the distribution automation system is now being progressed briskly. For the quick restoration of the faulted distribution system, the load shedding of the blackout-area must be followed, and the other problems like the shedded load, faulted voltage and the rest may cause other accident. Accordingly load shedding must be based on the precise calculation technique during the distribution system load flow(dist flow) calculation. In these days because of its superior convergence characteristic the Newton-Raphson method is most widely used. The number of buses in the distribution system amounts to thousands, and if the fault occurs at the distribution system, the speed for the dist flow calculation is to be improved to apply to the On-Line system. However, Newton-Raphson method takes much time relatively because it must calculate the Jacobian matrix and inverse matrix at every iteration, and in the case of huge load, the equation is hard to converge. In this thesis. matrix equation is used to make algebraical expression and then to solve load flow equation and to modify above defects. Then the complex matrix is divided into real part and imaginary part to keep sparcity. As a result time needed for calculation diminished. Application of mentioned algorithm to 302 bus, 700 bus, 1004 bus system led to almost identical result got by Newton-Raphson method and showed constant convergence characteristic. The effect of time reduction showed 88.2%, 86.4%, 85.1% at each case of 302 bus, 700 bus system 86.4%, and 1004 bus system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37C권10호
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• pp.965-976
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• 2012

본 논문은 공지(Aeronautical to Ground) 통신 환경에서 장거리용 공용 데이터링크로 개발되는 다중플랫폼 영상 정보용 공용 데이터링크(MPI-CDL : Multi-Platform Image & Intelligence Common Data Link)의 링크 가용도 분석 방법을 제안하고 링크 가용도를 만족하기 위해 필요한 링크마진을 분석한다. 제안된 링크 가용도 분석 방법은 강우감쇄와 다중경로 페이딩 분석모델을 하나의 조건부 확률로 변환함으로써 강우감쇄와 다중경로 페이딩을 함께 고려하여 링크 가용도를 분석할 수 있다. 영상정보용 공용 데이터링크의 주파수, 운용 고도, 통달거리에 따른 링크 가용도를 만족하기 위한 링크마진을 분석하고 실제 영상정보용 데이터링크가 적용되는 무인항공기의 운용환경을 고려한 링크마진 분석결과를 제시한다.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 1996

Gauss pupil를 이용하는 초분해능 광학계가 .lambda.=0.013.mu.m인 연 X-선영역에서 정밀하게 취급되었다. 회절상의 적분에서 허수축방향의 선적분치가 작은 값이 된다는 것을 증명하고 이것을 무시하여 실수축 위의 선적분 만으로서 회절상을 구하였다. 이 광학게에서 회절상이 분해능에 대한 구경의 공간주파수대폭(2.omega. $_{o}$ )의 제약 조건이 없다. .omega..rarw..inf.일 때의 회절상의 중심의 강도의 e$^{-2}$ 배의 강도를 초분해능 광학계가 지니고 있어야 한다는 추가적인 조건에서 부터 .omega.$_{o}$ .geq.1/2.sigma.(.omega.$_{o}$ =12*$10^{5}$ , 1/2.sigma.=5.0*$10^{5}$ )의 조건을 얻고, 이 조건에서부터 .DELTA.x=1/2(FWHM).geq. 0.26.lambda.=0.0034.mu.의 관계식을 얻었다 (단, NA=0.25, Rayleigh resolution limit=2.lambda.). 본 연구에서 .DELTA.x=0.008.mu.m인 초분해능 연X-선 결상계를 제시하였으며 이 분해능은 Rayleigh의 분해한계 2.lambda.=0.026.mu.m보다 작다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2018

Objectives : The GB18 belongs to one of the 92 controversial points in the development of WHO standard of acupuncture point location. The number of Chon measurement of GB18 is described differently in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (ChimGuGakEulKyung; AB Classic) and the Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(ChimGuDaeSeong; Complete Compendium). The aim of the study is to review the point location of GB18 and compare the relation of the location of BL7. In addition, I would like to propose new locating method of GB18. Methods : In order to review I examined the expressions of the location of GB18 and the mapping location on the acupuncture chart in the landmark classic acupuncture literatures. Results : In the most literatures, the location of GB18 was described by the distance from the GB17. The distance was 1.5 chon with one exception of 1 chon. The intervals from GB15 to GB18 was 1 chon or 1.5 chon. Although the distance from the anterior hairline is the same as 4 chon, mapping points of GB18 and BL7 on the acupuncture chart were different. Conclusions : Consequently, in the AB Classic, meaning of the location is the actual distance of scalp surface. In the Complete Compendium, however, meaning of the location is the hypothetical distance in the imaginary scalp surface. Therefore, it is safe to find the GB18 on the same level with GV20 on the connecting line of bilateral auricular apexes. The relation of GB18 and BL7 should be reconsidered.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.731-740
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• 1998

이전의 preadjusted appliance 개발을 위한 치관경사도의 계측에 있어서는 교합평면을 계측기준으로 사용했는데, 교합평면은 Spee 만곡으로 인해 브라켓 부착점들을 연결하는 선(Andrews' plane)에 평행하지 않은 문제점이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Spee 만곡에 영향받지 않으며, Andrews' plane에 보다 평행한 계측기준으로 각각의 구치의 근, 원심측 변연융선을 잇는 가상선을 설정하고, 이를 변연융선평면으로 명명하였다. 교합평면과 변연융선평면으로부터 각각 정상교합자의 구치부 치관경사도를 계측하여 비교한 결과 교합평면을 기준으로 한 치관경사도가 특히 상, 하악 제 1소구치(P<0.05) 및 제 2대구치(P<0.01)에서 Spee 만곡의 영향을 받음을 발견하였다. 구치부 치아들의 치관경사도는 Spee 만곡의 양에 따라 변해야만 인접치간 변연융선의 불일치가 생기지 않는다. 이전의 연구들에서는 다소의 Spee만곡을 갖는 정상교합자 표본에서 교합평면을 기준으로 계측한 치관경사도를 Spee 만곡이 없는 교합평면이 치료 목표의 일부인 bracket system에 적용하는 오류가 있었다. 이러한 치관경사도와 Spee 만곡 사이의 부조화는 Spee만곡이 straight wire에 의해 완전히 leveling되었을 때 변연융선 불일치를 초래할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 구치부 브라켓 slot이 변연융선평면에 평행하도록 브라켓 경사도를 결정하는 것이 추천된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2009

Purpose: The integrity of interproximal hard/soft tissue has been widely accepted as the key determinant for success or degree of root coverage following the connective tissue graft. However, we reason that the gingival biotype of an individual, defined as the distance from the interproximal papilla to gingiva margin, may be the key determinant that influence the extent of root coverage regardless of traditional classification of gingival recession. Hence, the present study was performed with an aim to verify that individual gingival scalloping pattern inherent from biotype influence the level of gingival margin following the connective tissue graft for root coverage. Methods: Test group consisted of 43 single-rooted teeth from 21 patients (5 male and 16 female patients, mean age: 36.6 years) with varying degrees of gingival recession requiring connective tissue graft; 20 teeth of Miller class I and 23 teeth of Miller class III gingival recession, respectively. The control group consisted of contralateral teeth which did not demonstrate apparent gingival recession, and thus not requiring root coverage. For a biotype determination, an imaginary line connecting two adjacent papillae of a test tooth was drawn. The distance from this line to gingival margin at mid-buccal point and this distance (P-M distance) was designated as "gingival biotype" for a given individual. The distance was measured at baseline and 3 to 6 months examinations postoperatively both in test and control groups. The differences in the distance between Miller class I and III were subject to statistical analysis by using Student.s t-test while those between the test and control groups within a given patient were by using paired t-test. Results: The P-M distance at 3 to 6 months postoperatively was not significantly different between Miller class I and Miller class III. It was not significantly different between the test and control group in a given patient, either, both in Miller class I and III. Conclusions: The amount of root coverage following the connective tissue graft was not dependent on Miller's classification, but rather was dependent on P-M distance, strongly implying that the gingival biotype of a given patient may play a critical impact on the level of gingival margin following connective tissue graft.