• 토지주택연구
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2014

본 연구는 수도권의 1기 신도시가 건설된 이후 지난 20여 년간 신도시 내의 주거 및 인구특성의 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 1995년부터 2010년까지 통계청의 인구주택총조사 자료를 이용하였다. 첫째, 신도시 건설당시의 계획목표와 현재를 비교분석한 결과, 인구목표는 평촌을 제외하고 2.1~28.6% 정도 초과하고 있는데 비해 세대수는 14.3~73.8% 증가하여 인구대비 세대수 증가가 더 많았다. 주택유형별로는 단독주택의 경우 면적대비 87.9%, 세대수 대비 130.3%로서 세대수 증가율이 더 컸으며, 이는 다가구 다세대주택에 의한 것으로 보인다. 또한 공동주택은 계획면적 대비 95.6%, 세대수 대비 113.4%로서 대체로 목표에 근접하였다. 2010년 신도시 총인구는 1,248천명으로 이는 1990년부터 2010년까지 서울시 인구 감소량 818천명의 152.6%, 경기도 인구 증가량 5,224천명의 23.9%에 해당하는 규모로서, 이는 간접적이나마 1기 신도시 건설이 서울 인구의 수도권 분산에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 5년 단위로 신도시의 인구 및 가구특성의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 인구는 도시가 완성된 이후 2005년을 정점으로 다소 감소 경향을 보였으며, 장년층 및 노령인구가 증가하였고, 여성인구가 다소 많은 대졸이상의 고학력 도시이며, 가구원수가 지속적으로 감소하였는데 특히, 1세대 가구의 증가와 1인 가구의 증가가 두드러졌다. 또한 총주택의 83~99%를 아파트가 차지하고 있으며, 대부분 건축년수가 20년이 경과되었다. 거주지역 외에 주택을 소유한 가구가 증가하였는데 이는 전국 및 수도권에 비해서 높은 수준이다. 전세가구 비율은 분당 및 평촌을 제외하고는 다소 감소하였고, 월세가구 비율은 신도시 모두 큰 폭으로 증가하여 '전세감소-월세증가'라는 임차주택시장의 변화를 반영하고 있었다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2008

Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disrupter, enters the human body continuously in food and drink. Young children are likely to be more vulnerable than adults to chemical exposure due to the immaturities of their organ systems, rapid physical development, and higher ventilation, metabolic rates, and activity levels. The direct effect of BPA on peripheral tissue might also be of importance to the development of insulin resistance. However, the influence that BPA has on insulin signaling molecules in skeletal muscle has not been previously investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of BPA on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in post-weaned Wistar rats and on insulin signaling proteins in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of BPA on insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation in C2C12 myotubes. In rats, BPA treatment (0.1-1,000 ng/mL for 24 hours) resulted in the increase of FBG and plasma insulin levels, and reduced insulin-mediated Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of insulin receptor (IR) was decreased after 24 hours of BPA treatment in C2C12 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the mRNA levels of other insulin signaling proteins, including insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and 5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), were unaffected. Treatment with BPA increased GLUT4 expression and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity in C2C12 myotubes, but not in protein levels. We conclude that exposure to BPA can induce insulin resistance by decreasing IR gene expression, which is followed by a decrease in insulin- mediated Akt activation and increased PTP1B activity.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.177-193
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• 2009

완화의학에서 환자의 평가는 치료의 의사결정과 그 결과에 이르기까지 중요한 역할을 한다. 평가도구의 사용 목적은 이를 환자 진료에 반영하여 개개인 환자와 가족들에 대한 돌봄의 질을 높이는 데 있다. 환자의 기능 상태와 통증 및 비 통증 증상을 평가하는 다양한 단일 영역 및 다차원 평가 척도들이 사용 가능하며, 삶의 질을 측정하는 다양한 도구들이 존재한다. 삶의 질이나 증상 측정에서 우월하다고 추천되는 단일 도구는 없는 실정이다. 도구마다 측정하는 시간의 틀이 다르고, 특성이 다르므로 사용 목적과 상황에 따라 적절한 도구를 선택하여야 한다. 여명 예측을 위해서는 예후 지수의 병용이 권고되는 추세이고, 웹을 기반으로 하는 예측 프로그램들도 등장하였다. 예후지수로는 최근 우리나라에서 다기관 연구를 통해 개발한 객관적 예후지수가 임상적인 여명 예측을 포함하지 않으면서 새로운 객관적인 예후 요인을 반영하여, 누구나 쉽게 사용이 가능하다. 완화의학 입문자의 경우 상대적으로 사용이 용이한 도구가 좋다. 따라서 기능의 평가에는 Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 기능지수를 사용하고, 통증에서는 10점만점의 숫자 통증 등급(Numeric Rating Scale) 도구를 활용하면서 초기 통증 평가로는 간이 통증 조사지를 추천한다. 여러 가지 증상을 한꺼번에 측정하기 위해서는 숫자 등급으로 직접 물어보거나 혹은 M.D. Anderson 증상조사지(the Korean version of MD Anderson Symptom Inventory) 설문지를 사용하기 바란다. 삶의 질을 평가하는데에는 European Organization Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care, 예후 지수로는 객관적 예후 지수(Objective Prognostic Score)를 사용하기를 권한다. 향후 완화의학에서 평가도구의 발전방향은 국제 공동 연구의 활성화와 디지털 기기를 통한환자 보고의 전산화이고, 머지않은 앞날에 우리나라에도 이러한 경향이 도입될 것이다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2018

In this report, we present a case study of how pharmacogenomics and pharmacometabolomics can be useful to characterize safety and pharmacokinetic profiles in early phase new drug development clinical trials. During conducting a first-in-human trial for a new molecular entity, we were able to determine the mechanism of dichotomized variability in plasma drug concentrations, which appeared closely related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) through integrated omics analysis. The pharmacogenomics screening was performed from whole blood samples using the Affymetrix DMET (Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters) Plus microarray, and confirmation of genetic variants was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Metabolomics profiling was performed from plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A GSTM1 null polymorphism was identified in pharmacogenomics test and the drug concentrations was higher in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects. The apparent drug clearance was 13-fold lower in GSTM1 null subjects than GSTM1 functional subjects (p < 0.001). By metabolomics analysis, we identified that the study drug was metabolized by cysteinylglycine conjugation in GSTM functional subjects but those not in GSTM1 null subjects. The incidence rate and the severity of ADRs were higher in the GSTM1 null subjects than the GSTM1 functional subjects. Through the integrated omics analysis, we could understand the mechanism of inter-individual variability in drug exposure and in adverse response. In conclusion, integrated multi-omics analysis can be useful for elucidating the various characteristics of new drug candidates in early phase clinical trials.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

The officetel introduced into Korea in the mid-1980s has thus far been in the limelight as the object of investment for the substitute for small-sized housing and for lease income. But to raise the possibility of succeeding in officetel investment in the future, it has been necessary to make a systematic analysis of the changed direction of the officetel market and the profitability and stability of investment. Accordingly, this study attempted to analyze demand for officetel with a focus on the possibility of increase in the households composed of one or two members, the major consuming bracket of small-sized housing. And it attempted to analyze the possibility of investment in officetel as the investment goods for lease income due to the entry of Korea into aging society. And past analysis of investment in officetel was confined to profitability analysis, but this study sought to develop the stability indicator of the officetel for the analytical purpose. As a result, it is predicted that demand for small-sized housing will increase due to the increase in 1-to 2-person households. Accordingly, it is predicted that demand for officetel as the place of residence will come to increase. And taking into consideration the more serious degree of sustained aging in the population, older people's preference for real estate and need for lease income, it is predicted that preference for officetel as the object of investment will increase. An attempt was made to analyze the profitability and stability of investment in the metropolitan area which the officetel has principally been supplied, in order to analyze the profitability and stability of officetels. For the purpose of this study, Yeoksam-dong in Kangnam-gu, Yeoui-dong in Youngdeungpo-gu, Bongcheon-dong in Kwanak-gu were selected in Seoul as the area for analysis. Jung-dong in Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Seohyun-dong in Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Janghang-dong in Ilsan-gu, Koyang were selected in Kyonggi province as the area for analysis. As a result, it was found that the small-sized officetel had higher profitability and stability than the large-sized officetel. It was found that the area of Kyonggi Province had the larger deviation by size. That is, it was found that the small-sized officetel in the area of Kyonggi Province was significant as the object of investment for stable lease income.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

Objective: To determine the incidence of embryo retention (ER) in the transfer catheter following embryo transfer (ET) in blastocyst transfer and investigate whether retransferring retained embryos has an impact on reproductive outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-ET. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 1,131 blastocyst transfers, which comprised 223 single blastocyst transfer (SBT) and 908 double blastocyst transfer (DBT) cycles. Each SBT and DBT group was classified depending on whether ET was performed without retained embryos in the catheter during the first attempt (without-ER group) or whether any retained embryos were found following ET (ER group) for the purpose of comparing reproductive outcomes in a homogenous population. Results: The overall incidence of finding retained embryos was 2.8% (32/1,131). There were no retained embryos in SBT cycles. In DBT cycles, implantation rates (30.0% vs. 26.6%), positive ${\beta}-hCG$ rates (57.2% vs. 56.2%), clinical pregnancy rates (45.3% vs. 46.9%), and live birth rates (38.9% vs. 43.8%) were not significantly different between the without-ER and ER groups. There were no significant differences in the mean birth weight (g) $2,928.4{\pm}631.8$ vs. $2,948.7{\pm}497.8$ and the mean gestational age at birth ($269.3{\pm}17.2days$ vs. $264.2{\pm}25.7days$). A total of nine cases of congenital birth defects were found in this study population. Eight were observed in the without-ER group and one in the ER group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that retransfer of retained embryos does not have any adverse impact on reproductive outcomes in blastocyst transfer cycles. Furthermore, our results support finding that SBT might be advantageous for decreasing the incidence of retained embryos in catheters.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 간호사들이 인지하는 직무교육 참여동기와 요구도를 파악하고, 또 직무교육 참여동기에 미치는 영향요인을 알아보기 위함이다. 본 연구는 경기도 소재 일 종합병원 간호사 345명을 대상으로 임의 표출하여 설문조사 하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2015년 10월5일부터 18일까지였다. 연구자료는 SPSS 21.0 Program을 이용하여 t-test와 ANOVA, Bonferroni 사후검정, Multiple regression으로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 직무교육 참여동기는 '전문역량 향상과 개발'이 높게, 개인이익과 직업 안정성이 낮게 나타났다. 직무교육 요구도는 전문간호 영역은 병원감염관리와 심폐소생술이 가장 높았고, 호스피스와 재활간호가 가장 낮았다. 직무교육 참여동기는 연령, 결혼유무, 교육수준, 임상경력에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었고, 전문간호영역의 직무교육 요구도와 질병치료에 필요한 의학적 지식에 대한 직무교육 요구도로 부터 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 직무교육의 효과성을 높이기 위해서는 전문간호 영역과 질병치료에 필요한 의학적 지식을 주제로 한 교육프로그램을 계획하고, 참여동기를 증가시킬 수 있도록 개인별 특성과 함께 임상단계를 고려한 체계적인 전략이 필요하며, 병원 차원의 교육공가 지원 등 직무교육관련 다양한 복지가 확대되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2014

복강 내 종괴 촉진 및 구토, 식욕부진, 발열, 체중 감소, 수면시간 증가를 보이는 한 마리의 고양이가 서울대학교 부속 동물병원에 내원하였다. 신체검사, 혈액검사와 더불어 영상학적 검사가 진행되었다. 복부 초음파, CT 검사를 통해 소장분절과 연결된 종괴가 확인되었으며, 종괴에 대한 세포학적 검사 결과 소화기 림프종으로 잠정 진단되었으며 이에 따른 항암치료가 이뤄졌다. 항암치료가 진행되는 동안 증상은 호전되지 않았고, 결국 항암치료 중단 6일 후 폐사하였다. 부검이 이뤄졌으며 최종적으로 병변은 조직병리학적 검사를 통해 고양이 전염성 복막염으로 확진하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.240-260
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• 2006

Purpose : The objective of this study is to serve guidelines for the investigation and management of uterine myomas with KM therapies. Methods : English-language articles from PubMed and Korean-language articles from the database of the journal of oriental gynecology were reviewed from 2000 to 2005, using the key words 'uterine myoma', 'uterine leiomyoma', 'fibroid', 'uterine artery embolization', 'endometrial ablation', 'myomectomy', and jagungguenjong(子宮筋腫)'. Results and Limits : The areas of clinical practices considered in formulating this guideline are assessment, KM therapies, medical treatments, myolysis, selective artery occlusion, endometrial ablation and surgical therapies including myomectomy and hysterectomy. Implementation of this guideline would optimize the decision-making process of women with uterine myomas and further investigation or therapy of their KM doctors. But we don't have abundant evidences of clinical trials of uterine myoma treated with KM therapy, though we treat or manage that with every-day clinical practices. Moreover cultural gaps between Korea and other western countries make many differences in the attitude to surgical therapies, especially hysterectomy. So it is very difficult to compare W therapies with other therapies. Moreover it is much difficult to estimate cost-effectiveness and benefit of those therapies in QOL. Conclusions : The majority of uterine myoma is asymptomatic and will not require any intervention or further investigation. But unmarried women who wish to marry and get pregnant want to find safe therapy for their asymptomatic uterine myomas. In that case, most of the patients prefer non-surgical therapy to surgical therapy. So KM herbal medicinal therapy is a good alternative method for those patients. For the symptomatic myomas, hysterectomy offers a definitive solution. However, it is not the best solution for women who wish to preserve their uterus. So KM therapy is a good alternative for them. But the predicted benefits of alternative therapies including KM therapy must be carefully weighed against the Possible risks of these therapies. To improve the quality of life of both women with asymptomatic and symptomatic myomas, selecting and treating patients should be done carefully. Moreover, the effect of KM therapy has to evaluated, comparing the possible situation without treatment and the benefit of constant treatment as a health-care system.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2018

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used in Asia for its various biological effects, but no studies have investigated the safety of its long-term intake. Therefore, the present study evaluated the safety of KRG intake for 24 weeks. Methods: We randomized 1,000 participants in a 1:1 ratio into two groups, which were treated daily with 2 g of KRG or a placebo for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was all adverse events and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that occurred after KRG or placebo administration, which were reported at week 4, 12, and 24 after the baseline visit. Results: In total, 192 and 211 participants experienced adverse events in the KRG and placebo groups (39.2% and 42.0%, respectively; p = 0.361), and 59 and 57 KRG- and placebo-treated individuals reported ADRs (12.0% and 11.4%, respectively; p = 0.737). The frequently occurring ADRs were pruritus (2.0%), headache (1.6%), diarrhea (1.4%), and dizziness (1.2%) in the KRG group and pruritus (2.0%), headache (1.8%), dizziness (1.6%), rash (1.4%), and diarrhea (1.2%) in the placebo group. Discontinuation of drug administration due to ADRs was reported in 13 participants, six (1.2%) and seven (1.4%) in the KRG and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.814). No significant abnormal changes were revealed by anthropometric, laboratory, and vital sign measurements in the KRG group compared with those in the placebo group. Conclusion: The present study confirms the safety and tolerability of daily intake of 2 g of KRG for 24 weeks by healthy adults.