• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.451-460
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a modified constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT) using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the upper extremity function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: Fourteen participants with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to a group using both mCIMT and PNF or a group using mCIMT alone. Each group underwent twenty sessions (1 h/d, 5 d/wk) for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed with the action research arm test (ARAT), the Fugl-Meyer assessment for the upper extremities (FMA-UE), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and motor activity logs (MALs; amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]). Results: Both the experimental group and the control group showed significant intragroup improvement in the ARAT, FMA-UE, MBI, and MAL-AOU (p<0.05). The group using both mCIMT and PNF exhibited greater improvement in the ARAT, FMA-UE, MBI, and MAL-AOU than did the group using mCIMT alone. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the ARAT (p=0.01), FMA-UE (p=0.01), MBI (p=0.00), and MAL-AOU (p=0.01) between the groups. Conclusion: This study applied mCIMT combined with PNF for subacute stroke patients, and the results showed significant improvements in the patients' upper extremity function and ADLs. Therefore, mCIMT using PNF may be more effective than mCIMT alone in improving upper limb function and ADLs in patients with subacute stroke.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2009

Objective : To carry out the oriental medicine treatment on a patient with oculomotor nerve palsy accompanied by Diabetes mellitus complication history Methods : We conducted one patient with oculomotor nerve palsy at Won-Kwang University Kwang-Ju Oriental Medical Hospital. We treated patient by herbal medicine, acupuncture, etc. Results : We had an effect that one patient's symptom had improved. Conclusion : We suggest that the oriental medical treatment and management have an effect with oculomotor nerve palsy accompanied by DM complication history.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.39-54
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• 2005

In Chinese Mathematics, Jia Xian(要憲) introduced Zeng cheng kai fang fa(增乘開方法) to get approximations of solutions of Polynomial equations which is a generalization of square roots and cube roots in Jiu zhang suan shu. The synthetic divisions in Zeng cheng kai fang fa give ise to two concepts of Fan il(飜積) and Yi il(益積) which were extensively used in Chosun Dynasty Mathematics. We first study their history in China and Chosun Dynasty and then investigate the historical fact that Chosun mathematicians Nam Byung Gil(南秉吉) and Lee Sang Hyuk(李尙爀) obtained the sufficient conditions for Fan il and Yi il for quadratic equations and proved them in the middle of 19th century.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.807-815
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Mokhyangjoki-san extract (MJS) on the improvement in cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in cerebral ischemic rats, and further to determine cytokines production (IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$) of MJS. The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows ; The rCBF was significantly and stably increased by MJS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production in serum from femoral arterial blood 1 hr after middle cerebral arterial occlusion, MJS significantly decreased IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ production, and increased IL-10 production compared with control group. In cytokine production in serum from femoral arterial blood 1 hr after reperfusion, MJS significantly decreased IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ production compared with control group. IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$1 production in MJS group were significantly increased compared with control group. These results suggested that MJS significantly and stably increased rCBF by inhibiting the production IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, and accelerating that of IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}$. The result in nerve cells was as follows ; MJS significantly inhibited lactate dehydrogenase activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggested that MJS prevented the neuronal death.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.738-743
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• 2000

Objectives : The less invasive stereotactic surgery of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma has been preferred. Many techniques were developed to facilitate aspiration of a dense blood clot in acute stage. Authors describe a method for evacuation of putaminal hematoma via computerized tomography(CT)-aided free-hand stereotactic infusion of urokinase and frequent negative pressure aspiration. Patients and Methods : A total of ten patients with spontaneous putaminal hematoma underwent surgery with negative pressure aspiration in the three-year period. All procedures were performed within 12 hours of insult. A silicone ventricular catheter was inserted into the center of hematoma through a burr hole at the Kocher's point under local anesthesia. In a typical case of putaminal hematoma, the trajectory of catheter was pointed the center of hematoma parallel to sagittal plane vertically and the external auditory meatus posteriorly. Immediately after the first trial of hematoma aspiration low-dose urokinase solution(2,000IU/5ml saline) was administrated through the catheter and drain was clipped for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the partially liquified hematoma was manually aspirated using a 10ml syringe with a negative pressure of less than 2 to 3ml. The procedure was carefully repeated every 1 hour until the hematoma was near totally evacuated. Results : The patients population consisted composed of 4 men and 6 women with a mean age of 61.6 years. All had major neurological deficits preoperatively. The mean hematoma volume was 44.3 ml and hematoma was drained for 20 to 48 hours. No complications such as rebleeding, meningitis, or malplaced catheter were noted. Outcome was moderately disabled in four patients and good recovery in three patients. Conclusion : Although the frequent negative pressure aspiration and low-dose urokinase infusion has the disadvantage of possbility of rebleeding and infection, it is consisdered to be an effective method because it allows a simple, safe, and complete removal of hematoma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Objectives: Objectives: The object of this study was to elucidate the possible effects on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration of Gamisoyo-san (GMSYS) with 2.5 hr-intervals combination therapy of tamoxifen with GMSYS. Methods: After 2.5 hr of 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, GMSYS 100 mg/kg was administered. The plasma was collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of GMSYS treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: Although single co-administration with GMSYS with 2.5 hr-interval induced increased trends of plasma tamoxifen concentrations, there are no significant changes on the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were demonstrated in tamoxifen and GMSYS 100 mg/kg co-administrated rats with 2.5 hr-intervals as compared to those of tamoxifen single 50 mg/kg treated rats, and also GMSYS co-administrated rats did not showed any significant changes on the all pharmacokinetic parameters as compared to those of tamoxifen single formula treated rats. Conclusions: According to the this study, single co-administration of GMSYS with 2.5 hr-intervals did not critically influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, suggesting GMSYS did not critically influenced on the absorption and excretion of tamoxifen, the oral bioavailability, when they were co-administered with 2.5 hr-intervals, at the dose levels of tamoxifen 50 mg/kg and GMSYS 100 mg/kg.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2020

The effects of Gamisoyo-san (GMSYS) co-administration within 5 min on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tamoxifen were observed. After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen oral treatment, GMSYS 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min to 7-wk old male SPF.VAF Outbred Crl:CD [Sprague-Dawley (SD)] rats. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of GMSYS treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. Tmax, Cmax, AUC, t1/2 and MRTinf of tamoxifen were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Although co-administration with GMSYS did not critically influenced on the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral tamoxifen, they induced increased trends of plasma tamoxifen concentrations, especially significant (p<0.05) increases of plasma tamoxifen concentrations were demonstrated at 0.5 hr after end of co-administration with GMSYS as compared with tamoxifen single formula treated rats, at dosage levels of tamoxifen 10 mg/kg and GMSYS 100 mg/kg within 5 min. It is considered that pharmacokinetic studies should be tested like the effects of GMSYS on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen, when they were co-administered with prolonger intervals than Tmax of tamoxifen oral administration (about 2.5 hr-intervals), to achieve the optimal dosing regimen of GMSYS and tamoxifen co-administration.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.33
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• pp.31-72
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• 2010

At first, I extract materials on folk religion from four encyclopedic literatures of late Chosun dynasty-Lee, Ji-Bong-Ryu-Seol(『芝峯類說』) by Soo-Kwang(李晬光), San-Lim-Kyung-Jae(『山林經濟』) by Hong, Man-Sun(洪萬選), Sung-Ho-Sa-Seol(『星湖僿說』) by Lee-Ik(李瀷), O-Ju-Yeon-Moon-Jang-Jun-San-Go(『五洲衍文長箋散稿』) by Lee, Kyu-Kyung(李圭景), and present these materials by tables. Second, I examined the contents and characters of these materials on folk religion. The conclusions from this research are as follows. ① There are common features and points of difference between these four encyclopedic literatures. One of common features are that all these four are encyclopedic works, but San-Lim-Kyung-Jae is more practical than another three. ② These encyclopedic literatures regard folk religion as a negative culture, because these literatures based on Confucianism. But they did not deny miraculous virtues of folk religion. ③ These encyclopedic literatures give us many informations on gods and spirits of Korean folk religion, i.e. city gods(城隍神)·Yup-Sin(업신)·spirits of disease, god Kim-Bu(金傅大王神)·god Jung-Duk-Yang(鄭得揚)·god of King Kuan-u(關王神)·god Bu-keun(付根神) etc. So I review these gods and spirits referenced in encyclopedic literatures. ④ These encyclopedic literatures show much interest in ghost in common. The reason of interest is that authors of these encyclopedic literatures are all scholars of Sung Confucianism and Sung Confucian was concern about ghost. The Sung Confucianism denied the ghost as personal being whom Korean folk religion regards to a kind of spirits. Instead of beliefs in ghost of folk religion, they insist on the ghost as Ki(氣), a kind of cosmic principle. But these encyclopedic literatures acknowledge some parts of folk religion's beliefs in ghost, because they admit the miraculous virtues of these parts. ⑤ There are many items on divination in these encyclopedic literatures. But they show dual attitude on divinations. The one is negative attitude to divinations on individual destiny and the other one is positive attitude to divinations on agriculture. ⑥ There are also many items on witchcrafts in these encyclopedic literatures. Through these items, I assumed pervasiveness of beliefs on witchcraft at that time. ⑦ Shamans, as religious specialist, are stand on a central position of Korean folk religion. So it is a matter of course that these encyclopedic literatures concerned on Korean shaman. As Confucians, authors of these encyclopedic literatures did not regards shamans as positive one. But they did not deny miraculous virtues of shamans. In spite of these encyclopedic literatures have negative view points to, and include false informations Korean folk religion, I would like to emphasis on importance of these encyclopedic literatures to understand Korean folk religions, especially Korean folk religions of late Yi Dynasty.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.226-234
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• 2008

Background and Objective : Acne is very common skin disease encountered by dermatologists. But There is few reports on Acne treated with the Ko-Bang(古方) and the Sa-Am acupuncture. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of Acne patients by the Ko-Bang(古方) and the Sa-Am acupuncture. Methods : We conducted one patient with Acne seen at Won-Kwang University Ik-San Oriental Medical Hospital. We treated Acne by a herbal medicine, acupuncture, etc. Conclusions : We suggest that the oriental medical treatment and management have an effect with Acne which means Jwachang(挫瘡) in Oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.313-319
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• 2006

Background and Objective : Localized Pustular Psoriasis(LPP) is a rare form of psoriasis characterized by erythematous papules, plaques studded with pustules(usually on palms or soles) However, the pathophysiology of the LPP remains obscure. Treatment at present is symptomatic and supportive. There is no report on LPP treated with oriental medical treatment. Methods : We conducted one patient with LPP seen at Won-Kwang University Ik-San Oriental Medical Hospital in 2003. We treated LPP in a forty-nine years old man by a herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxa, etc Conclusions : We had a significant results. So we report this case to estimate the efficiency of oriental medic at treatment and management on LPP