• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2009

Objectives To evaluate the effect of InsamGobonHwan (IGH) on growth of rats. Methods We divided male Sprague-Dawley rats into 4 groups(IGHE1, IGHE2, IGHE3 and sham group). IGHE1, IGHE2, IGHE3 groups were administered with IGHE water extracts once a day at the dose of 1,000, 500 and 250mg/kg/$10m{ell}$ for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks. Sham group was administered with normal saline with using the same method. We measured body weight, amount of body weight increasing, length of femur, serum Growth Hormone(GH), serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I(IGF-I), serum Thyroid-stimulating Hormone(TSH) and serum testosterone at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks of experiment. Results The body weight and the changes of body weight increased significantly in IGHE1 group compared to sham group after 2 and 3 weeks, and in IGHE2 group after 2 weeks. The lengths of the femur increased significantly in IGHE1 group as compared with sham group after 1, 2 and 3 weeks, and in IGHE3 group after 1 week. The level of IGF-I in the serum increased significantly in S1 group as compared tosham group after 1 and 3 weeks, and in IGHE13 group after 3 weeks. The level of TSH in the serum increased significantly in IGHE1group as compared to sham group after 2 and 3 weeks. The level of GH and testosterone in the serum does not change significantly. Conclusions SGT have an effect of promoting growth of rats and might be effect to treat various kinds of growth delay in children.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.162-173
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• 2006

The water-extracts of Scutellaria barbata Don (SBDE) were isolated from Chinese medicinal plant sources. The extracts showed strong growth-inhibitory activity and cancer chemopreventive activity on the growth and DNA incorporation of MG63 human osteosarcoma and K562 human leukemia cell lines. The growth of human cancer cells was inhibited in the presence of the extracts (20, 50 and 100 ${\mu}$g/ml), and the effects were concentration-dependent and incubation time-dependent up to 8 days. When 50 ${\mu}$g/ml of the extracts was added to the media of MG63 and K562, cell growth after 8 days or 6 days of incubation was retarded by 93.2 to 97.3% of the control group. Morphological changes of MG63 and K562 cell lines were observed. As the concentration of the extracts increased up to 50 ${\mu}$g/ml, degree of cell aggregation decreased. Moreover, the DNA incorporation of the cells which were labeled with [3H] thymidine was significantly reduced after 3 days of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ with the extract. Therefore, it is suggested that the extract is highly effective on inhibition of cancer cell growth. The extract also inhibited gene expression of IGF-II in transcriptional level. Since IGF-II works as a mitogenic effector on MG63 and K562 cell lines, these results suggest that the growth inhibition is in part mediated through the inhibition of IGF-II gene expression.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Origanum vulgare extracts on cell proliferation of human hair dermal papilla cell (HHDPC) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) method, expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) by analyzing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and hair growth in a shaving animal model of C57BL/6 mice topically applying with an amount of 0.1 mL once a day for 3 weeks. The mice were divided into 4 groups including normal group (saline, N), negative control group (dimethyl sulfoxide, NC), positive control group (5 mg/mL minoxidil, PC), and experimental group (Origanum vulgare extracts, OV). Treatment of OV didn't show cytotoxicity in HHDPC up to 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ and exhibited antioxidant activity with $IC_{50}$ of 31.0 ${\mu}g/mL$. IGF-1 expression in the skin was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the PC and OV compared to the N or NC. PC and OV also showed a prominently promoted hair regrowth compared to the N or NC in hair growth observation. The hair regrowth of OV was significantly higher than that of PC (p<0.05). Therefore, these results indicate that O. vulgare extracts effectively stimulated hair growth in an animal model.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2013

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are important components of insulin growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways. One of the binding proteins, IGFBP-5, enhances the actions of IGF-1, which include the enhanced proliferation of smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we examined the expression and the biological effects of IGFBP-5 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). The levels of IGFBP-5 mRNA and protein were found to be higher in the VSMC from SHR than in those from WKY. Treatment with recombinant IGFBP-5-stimulated VSMC proliferation in WKY to the levels observed in SHR. In the VSMCs of WKY, incubation with angiotensin (Ang) II or IGF-1 dose dependently increased IGFBP-5 protein levels. Transfection with IGFBP-5 siRNA reduced VSMC proliferation in SHR to the levels exhibited in WKY. In addition, recombinant IGFBP-5 significantly up-regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the VSMCs of WKY as much as those of SHR. Concurrent treatment with the MEK1/2 inhibitors, PD98059 or U0126 completely inhibited recombinant IGFBP-5-induced VSMC proliferation in WKY, while concurrent treatment with the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor, LY294002, had no effect. Furthermore, knockdown with IGFBP-5 siRNA inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation in VSMC of SHR. These results suggest that IGFBP-5 plays a role in the regulation of VSMC proliferation via ERK1/2 MAPK signaling in hypertensive rats.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

Characterization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) was investigated in the experimental crosses between Berkshire and Yorkshire breed. A total of 525 F$_2$ progenies from 65 matting of F$_1$ Parents were produced. Phenotypic measurements included average daily gain (ADG), average back fat thickness (ABF), and loin eye area (LEA). To identify the presence of QTL for reproductive performance, birth weight (BWT) and body weight at 16 days (16DAY) were included as indirect trait. QTL segregation was deduced using 8 markers assigned to chromosome 2 (SSC2). Quantitative trait locus analyses were performed using interval mapping by regression under line-cross model. Presence of imprinting was tested under the statistical model that separated the expression of paternally and maternally inherited alleles. To set the evidence of QTL presence, significance thresholds were derived by permutation following statistical tests, respectively. Genome scan revealed significant evidence for three quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting growth and body compositions, of which two were identified to be QTL with imprinting expression mode near the ICF II gene region. For average back fat thickness (ABF), a paternally expressed QTL was found on chromosome 2 (SSC2). A paternally expressed QTL affecting loin eye area (LEA) was found in the region of SSC2 where evidence of imprinted QTL was found for average back fat thickness (ABF). For average daily gain (ADG), QTL expressed with Mendelian mode was found on chromosome 2 (SS2). Also, QTL affecting average daily gain (ADC), was identified to be expressed with Mendelian express mode.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

Purpose: Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an overgrowth malformation syndrome caused by a methylation abnormality at chromosome 11p15, consisting of two imprinting centers, BWSIC1 (IGF2, H19) and BWSIC2 (LIT1, KvDMR). This study evaluated the applicability of a methylation-specific (MS) PCR RFLP method for the genetic diagnosis of BWS. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 patients were recruited based on clinical findings. Karyotyping was performed using peripheral blood leukocytes, and genomic DNA was treated with bisulfate and amplified using methylation-specific primers. RFLP was conducted with restriction enzymes in differentially methylated regions of LIT1, H19, and IGF2. Results: The 12 BWS patients had normal karyotypes. Abnormal methylation patterns in the BWSIC2 (LIT1) region were identified in seven patients (58.3%) using the MS-PCR RFLP method. Conclusions: The MS-PCR RFLP method is a simple, economical genetic test. It detected genetic abnormalities in 50-60% of BWS patients, suggesting that it can be used as a screening test. A more precise method is required, however, to enhance the detection rate of genetic abnormalities, especially in BWSIC1 region.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.19-35
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• 2009

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of KangwhalSokdan-tang(Jianghuoxuduan-tang) on the muscle regeneration of atrophied rat muscle by hindlimb suspension. Materials and methods : In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 250g were subjected to hindlimb suspension and divided into total four groups: Normal group(n=6), Control group(n=6), Hindlimb non-treatment group(n=6), Hindlimb treatment group(n=6). Experiments were seperately tried two times. The first trial was studied by the following two groups; The first was normal group(n=6). The second was group(n=18) for hindlimb suspension during 2 weeks (control I group). The second trial after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension was studied by the following three groups; The third group(n=6) was expired immediately after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. The forth group(n=6) was given free activity during 2 weeks after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. The fifth group(n=6) was administrated of KST during 2 weeks after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. In order to investigate degree of muscle atrophy, body weight and gastrocnemius muscle mass were compared. To analyze muscle regeneration factors(expression of IGF-1, Myogenin, MyoD), Western blot was used. Results : The results were analyzed by statistical process as follows, 1. In body weight, all hindlimb suspension groups were lower than normal group, but tendency of increase was shown in KST group compared to non-treatment group after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. 2. In gastrocnemius muscle mass, KST group on both side was significantly higher than non-treatment group after 2 weeks hindlimb suspension. 3. In case of IGF-I, Type I of KST group was significantly increased than non-treatment group, but Type II was not shown significance. 4. There was no significantly difference in Myogenin. 5. In MyoD, Type I of KST group was significantly increased than control group, and Type II of KST group was significantly increased than non-treatment group. Conclusions : In summary, this study demonstrates that KST administration has an effect to prevent muscle atrophy and contribute muscle regeneration and proliferation. And also it is suggested that IGF-I and MyoD is major factors of myogenesis expression to KST adminstration after hindlimb suspension.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the improvement of the pregnancy rate of Al or clone embryo transfer on hCG administration in Korean Native heifer. A total of 42 heifers were treated with control, CIDR(withou E2 capsule). hCG after 7 day of hi, the pregnancy rate were spewed 53, 46, 71%. These results were significant different among the treatments(P<0.05). When the hCG were adminstrated at cloned embryo transfer, pregnanacy rate were control, hCG 5.8%, 10.4% respectively and there was no significant different between treatments. Plasma P4 concentration of hCG treatment in heifers were 3 times higher than control on 13~16 day after heat. After this, plasma P4 concentration of CIDR and hCG treated heifers were kept the 2~3 times levels. IGF-I concentration were showed no differences between pregnancy and non-pregnancy. hOG and CIDR. IGF-II concentration were revealed the differences between pregnancy and non-pregnancy in CIDR group but there was no differences in hCG administration group. Plasma cortisol were high at heat and 16 day after heat and CIDR treated group was higher than the other group. These results suggest that hCG administration was improve the pregnancy rates on Al and cloned ET, accompanying the incline of P4 concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1643-1648
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of feeding restricted on growth, carcass characteristics and plasma profiles in an attempt for optimum responses, a total of 108 cross-bred finishing barrows [(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc]weighing an average of $46.88{\pm}0.52kg$ were assigned in a randomized complete block (RCB) design to one of four treatments with three replicates and nine pigs per pen. Feeding regimens were, 1) ad libitum from 50 kg to market weight (Ad 3/3), 2) restricted feeding from 90 kg to market weight (Ad 2/3), 3) restricted feeding from 70 kg to market weight (Ad 1/3), and 4) restricted feeding from 50 kg to market weight (Ad 0/3). During the experimental period, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was decreased from 2.53 kg (AD 3/3) to 2.09 kg (AD 0/3) with increasing restricted feeding duration of (p<0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) of AD 3/3 (0.79 kg) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of AD 1/3 (0.74 kg) or AD 0/3 (0.72 kg). Feed efficiency was not influenced by restriction regimens. Blood IGF-I concentrations were increased from 74.14 to 134.25 (167.36-115.66) ng/ml as body weight increased. Blood leptin concentrations were affected by feed intake level and coincided with blood IGF-I concentrations. Most of carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by restricted feeding, however cooking losses in AD 1/3 and Ad 0/3 treatment diet were higher than those in Ad 3/3 and Ad 2/3. In addition, there was a trend that backfat thickness was lowered in proportional to decreasing feed intake (p>0.05). In conclusion, restricted feeding improved feed efficiency after 50 kg body weight without deteriorating the pork quality of barrows.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 1996

The aim of the present investigation was to see the effect of combined use of PDGF BB and IGF -1 on the guided tissue regeneration(GTR) using barrier membrane in the treatment of human furcation involvement. Twelve patients with initially diagnosed as having moderate to advanced adult periodontitis with mandibular class II buccal furcation defects have been wer selected. Initial scaling and root planing has been performed and baseline data consisting of probing depths and attachment levels have been recorded prior to surgical procedures. The GTR procedures using either barrier membrane(control : ePTFE) alone or together with the application of PDGF - BB and IGF -l(experimental : ePTFE+PDGF/IGF) have been done under the routine guidelines. During the surgery, the distance from CEJ either to the bottom of the bone defects(CEJ - BD) or to the bone crest(CEJ-BC) were measured. Horizontal distance to the deepest area in the furcal defects were measured from the reference line connection the most prominent bony walls of the two buccal roots. 6 months following the GTR therapy, all the measurements were made repeatedly. The probing attachment gain of the experimental and the control grous were 2.14mm and l.07mm, respectively with no statically significnant difference. Amont of vertical bone fill in the experimental and the control groups were 2.43mm and 2.29mm, rexpectively. Amonut of horizontal bone fill were 2.86mm in the experimental group and 2.17mm in the control group, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the amount of bone fill(both vertical and horizontal)between the two groups.