• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1992

Previous studies have indicated that immunological factor is responsible for the infertility. We have detected sperm antibodies in ZIFT patients which grouped as fertilization failure (A; n=18) and low fertilization rate (${\leq}50%$)(B; n=20). Patients, however, had normal oocytes and sperms. We collected serum from wives and semen from husbands and donors (fertile sperm), if it was needed. We examined class, binding patterns and amounts of antisperm antibodies(ASA) by direct and indirect immunobead binding assay. In group A, 11 husbands were ASA positive showing 62.2% and 61.1% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively, and two wives were ASA positive showing 70.0% and 71.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively. Binding sites were mainly at the head of sperms (84%). In group B, 8 husbands were ASA positive showing 37.5% and 40.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively, and two wives were ASA positive showing 41.3% and 42.0% binding with IgA and IgG, respectively. Binding sites were also mainly at the head of sperms (78%). For the treatment of ZIFT patients who had fertilization failure at the first trial, we used albumin fractionation method and dilution method with 30% fetal cord serum (FCS) to reduce the titer of ASA. We used partial zona dissection (P.Z.D.) method for wives who have antisperm antibodies in their serum. According to represented method, we could inhance the fertilization rate to 60.0% by albumin fractionation and 20.0% by P.Z.D., respectively. We concluded that the use of micromanipulation like P.Z.D. or the other sperm processing methods is required to increase a chance of fertilization. This result suggested that it should be a prerequisite to test antisperm antibodies prior to entering assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.106-111
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• 1994

2-iminothiolane is known to bind $NH_2$ group of lysine in the protein and deliver SH group, which can be used to label protein with $^{99m}Tc$. In this study, we looked for the best reaction condition in which 2-iminothiolane is conjugated to human polyclonal IgG and labeling condition with $^{99m}Tc$-glucoheptonate. Labeling yield was measured with TSK G4000SW column and HPLC or precipitation with 10% TCA (trichloroacetic acid) and 1% HSA. In vivo distribution was investigated with Staphylococcal abscess bearing rats. With decreasing glucoheptonate, the labeling yield decreased. Without 2-iminothiolane, $^{99m}Tc$-glucoheptonate was bound to IgG, which seemed to be direct labeling. With increasing 2-iminothiolane upto 20 times higher than IgG, the labeling yield increased, and plateau was seen with higher molar excess of 2-iminothiolane. Polymer formation was not observed. The pH for the conjugation of 2-iminothiolane and IgG was best around 6.4. $^{99m}Tc$-2-iminothiolane-IgG showed faster blood clearance, higher renal activity and lower hepatic and splenic activity than $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA-IgG. The biodistribution of $^{99m}Tc$-2-iminothiolane-IgG with higher molar excess of 2-iminothiolane was not different from that with lower molar excess. Labeling antibodies with $^{99m}Tc$ using 2-iminothiolane can afford a possible route to simple labeling and wide clinical use of the immunoscintigraphy.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.50.1-50.19
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• 2022

Autoreactive B cells are not entirely deleted, but some remain as immunocompetent or anergic B cells. Although the persistence of autoreactive B cells as anergic cells has been shown in transgenic mouse models with the expression of B cell receptor (BCR) reactive to engineered self-antigen, the characterization of naturally occurring anergic B cells is important to identify them and understand their contribution to immune regulation or autoimmune diseases. We report here that a low-level expression of CD138 in the splenic B cells marks naturally arising anergic B cells, not plasma cells. The CD138^int B cells consisted of IgM^lowIgD^high follicular (FO) B cells and transitional 3 B cells in homeostatic conditions. The CD138^int FO B cells showed an anergic gene expression profile shared with that of monoclonal anergic B cells expressing engineered BCRs and the gene expression profile was different from those of plasma cells, age-associated B cells, or germinal center B cells. The anergic state of the CD138^int FO B cells was confirmed by attenuated Ca²⁺ response and failure to upregulate CD69 upon BCR engagement with anti-IgM, anti-IgD, anti-Igκ, or anti-IgG. The BCR repertoire of the CD138^int FO B cells was distinct from that of the CD138^- FO B cells and included some class-switched B cells with low-level somatic mutations. These findings demonstrate the presence of polyclonal anergic B cells in the normal mice that are characterized by low-level expression of CD138, IgM downregulation, reduced Ca²⁺ and CD69 responses upon BCR engagement, and distinct BCR repertoire.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2007

[ ${\beta}ig-h3$ ] is an extracellular matrix protein that mediates cell adhesion through interaction with integrins. The 18 residue YH motifs within each fas-1 domain are known to be responsible for the interaction with the ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_5$ integrin, and the synthetic YH motif peptides are known to inhibit endothelial tube formation and reduces the number of blood vessels, and so expected to be an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis. In this study, we solved the 3D structure of the 18 residue YH motif peptide (EALRDLLNNHILKSAMCA; D2 peptide) within the second fas-1 domain of ${\beta}ig-h3$ using NMR. The Peptide has ${\alpha}-helix$ structure at the C terminal region but the N terminal region is flexible. The present structural information may be helpful for developing more effective peptide drug candidate for the treatment of diseases dependent on angiogenesis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.781-786
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on radical scavenger activity and immune responses in female judo athletes(n=18). The age and sex matched sedentary students were used as controls(n=15). The initial plasma vitamin E concentration, lipid peroxide level and radical scavenger activity (RSA) were not different between two groups. The supplementation of $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate(400IU/d) for 4 weeks significantly increased plasma vitamin E concentration of the subjects in both groups. In addition, the decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)(p<0.05) and enhancement of RSA(p<0.05) were observed in both groups. Percentages of total T-cells in the athletic group was lower than that in the control group(p<0.05). However, the ratio of CD4 / CD8(helper T-cal $l^pressor T-cell) was higher in the sports group, due to more decrease in CD8 subset than in CD4 subset. The concentrations of IgG and IgM in the sports group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05). Therefore, severe training of the athletic group seems to be associated with the changes of supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation (400IU/d, 4 weeks) of the female university students improved antioxidative activities of the blood, by decreasing lipid peroxide and enhancing radical scavenger activity. Percentages of T lymphocytes and IgG and IgM concentrations in the athletic group were lower than those in the control group. Meanwhile, vitamin E supplementation had no effects on immune status in both groups.ps.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.1348-1353
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• 2006

목 적 : 고용량의 IVIG의 투여가 어떠한 기전으로 가와사끼병 환자들의 임상증상을 급속히 호전시키는지는 아직도 확실히 밝혀진 것은 없으나 항원-항체 반응에 의한 원인 항원의 제거도 한 가지 유력한 학설이다. 간이나 비장의 세망내피계는 굴형 모세혈관으로 이루어져 있어서 분자량이 큰 단백질들도 혈장과 간질 사이의 상호 이동이 가능하다. 본 연구자들은 대량의 IVIG 투여 후에 투여된 IgG 및 기타 단백질들의 혈장과 간질 사이의 재분포가 있을 가능성을 가정하고 IVIG 2 g/kg 투여 전후의 혈장 단백질 및 지질 농도를 측정하여 어떠한 변화가 일어나는지 알아보았다. 방 법 : 2004년 3월부터 2006년 2월까지 의정부 성모병원에 가와사끼병으로 입원하여 IVIG 1 g/kg를 2일 연속 두 차례에 걸쳐 총 2 g/kg를 투여 받은 34명을 대상으로 하였다. IVIG가 투여 전과 투여가 종료된 다음날(12-18시간 후) 두 차례 혈액을 채취하여, 총단백, 알부민, IgG, IgM, IgA, CRP, 그리고 혈청전기영동상의 ${\alpha}1$ 글로불린, ${\alpha}2$ 글로불린, ${\beta}$ 글로불린 및 혈청지질(총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지방)의 변화를 살펴보았다. 결 과 : IVIG 투여 후에 혈청 IgG, IgM, IgA 등 ${\gamma}$ 글로불린은 유의하게 상승하였고, IgG의 상승량은 $1,779{\pm}304mg/dL$이었다. 한편, 알부민, ${\alpha}1$ 글로불린, ${\alpha}2$ 글로불린 및 ${\beta}$ 글로불린은 각각 18%, 24%, 19% 및 12%의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 혈청 지질치는 HDL-콜레스테롤은 유의하게 감소한 반면(20%), LDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방은 각각 21%와 50%의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 결 론 : IVIG 투여 후 ${\gamma}$ 글로불린을 제외한 대부분의 단백질들이 감소하며, IgG의 상승도 예상 혈청 IgG 농도에 미치지 못하였다. 이러한 결과들은 투여된 IVIG에 의해 IgG의 일부와 가와사끼병에서 임상 증상을 일으키는 원인 단백을 포함한 단백들이 혈관 밖 구역으로의 이동 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1944-1948
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• 2007

Silkworm hemolymph (SH), prepared from fifth-instar larvae of Bombyx mori and heat-treated at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, was used to improve cell viability and the production of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin (hCTLA4Ig) in transgenic Oryza sativa L. cell suspension cultures. Even though SH could not elevate cell viability at the concentrations up to 3% (v/v), addition of 0.3% (v/v) SH to a culture medium enhanced the production of hCTLA4Ig by 36.8% over an SH-free medium. Moreover, the production period of hCTLA4Ig could be shortened in a 0.3% (v/v) SH-added medium compared with that in an SH-free culture. As a result, addition of 0.3% (v/v) SH improved the productivity of hCTLA4Ig significantly in transgenic rice cell cultures.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.933-942
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• 2006

본 실험은 생봉독 처리가 돼지의 체액성 면역반응에 대한 생봉독의 효과를 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 혈중 Immunoglobulin(Ig) G, IgA, IgM의 농도에 미치는 생봉독의 효과를 조사하기 위하여 모돈 3두에서 생산한 자돈 20두(LY ×D)를 생봉독 처리군과 대조군으로 각각 10두씩 배치하였다. 생봉독 처리군은 출생시와 3일령에 교소혈 (GV-1), 해문혈(ST-25) 및 두구혈(CV-8), 6일령에 거세, 단미 창상부위에 생봉 1마리씩 직침 시술하였고, 대조군은 생리식염수 1ml를 동일한 혈위에 주입하였다. 혈중 Ig 농도 측정을 위하여 출생시와 3일, 7일, 14일 및 21일령에 채혈하여 Immunoturbidimetric method로 IgG, IgM, IgA를 측정하였다. 지표항원으로 사용한 돈 콜레라와 위축성비염 백신에 대한 생봉독의 항체 생성효과를 조사하기 위하여 모돈 5두에서 생산된 자돈 40두(LY×D)를 생봉독 처리군과 대조군으로 각각 20두씩 공시하였다. 생봉독 처리군은 출생시에 교소혈(Jiao-Chao, GV-1), 해문혈(Hai-Men, ST-25) 및 두구혈(Du-Kou, CV-8)에, 3일령에 단미 및 거세시술 시 창상부위에 생봉독을 처리하였고, 21일령 이유시에는 교소혈(GV-1)과 백회혈(Bai- Hui, GV-20)에 생봉독을 처리하였다. 지표항원으로 위축성비염 백신은 24일령과 44일령에 접종하였고 돈콜레라 백신은 44일령과 64일령에 각각 접종하였다. 항체가 분석용 혈액은 24, 34, 44, 54 및 74일령에 채혈하여 위축성비염은 시험관응집반응, 돈콜레라는 ELISA법에 의하여 항체가를 조사하였다. IgG 농도는 처리군에서 출생시 339.52, 3일령에 366.48, 7일령에 296.52, 14일령에 242.06, 21일령에는 219.06mg/dl이었고 대조군은 각각 347.10, 333.14, 243.28, 205.18 및 191.58mg/dl 이었다. 처리전(출생시)에는 처리군과 대조군간에 유의차가 없었으나 처리군의 IgG 농도가 대조군에 비하여 3일령 10.3% (P<0.02), 7일령에는 21.9% (P<0.01), 14일령에는 18.0% (P<0.07), 21일령에는 14.3(P<0.07) 더 높게 나타났다. IgA와 IgM의 농도는 전체기간동안 처리군과 대조군간에 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 돈콜레라 virus에 대한 항체역가는 처리군에서 대조군에 비하여 24일령 때 57.0%(P<0.03), 34일령 때 74.6% (P<0.006), 44일령에 48.6% (P<0.017), 54일령 때 45.0% (P<0.16), 74일령 때 44.4%(P<0.006)가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 위축성비염 원인균인 Bordetella bronchiceptica에 대한 항체역가는 처리군이 대조군에 비하여 34일령 때는 39.7%(P<0.002), 44일령 때 31.9% (P<0.02), 54일령 때에 33.4%(P<0.01), 74일령 때에는 57.3%(P<0.007)가 높게 나타나 접종일인 24일령을 제외하고 전체기간에 걸쳐 높은 항체수준을 보였다. 위의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 돼지에 대한 생봉독 처리는 면역기능향상 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 이와 같은 결과를 볼 때 돼지에 대한 생봉독의 처리는 양돈 생산성면에서 생봉독 처리는 돼지의 생존율을 높이고, 증체량이 높았다는 조 등(2005)의 보고를 뒷받침하고 있어 양돈 산업발전에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2001

This study was carried out for production of neutral antibody to bee venom $(anti-phospholipase\;A_2IgY)$. Hen layings were injected repeatedly with bee venom and phospholipase $A_2$ with Freund's adjuvant. Specific antibody in egg yolk from immunized hen laying was separated, and purified, also immunological characteristics of anti phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ was invested. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Phospholipase $A_2$ was showed single band at molecular weight 17,000 in SDS-PAGE and bee venom was showed two band at molecular weight 17,000 and under molecular weight 6,500 in SDS-PAGE. 2. During 70 days after hen immunized with bee venom and phospholipase $A_2$, antibodies(anti-bee venom IgY) to bee venom were showed poor ELISA value in egg yolk, but antibodies$(anti-Phospholipase\;A_2IgY)$ to phospholipase $A_2$ in egg yolk were increased ELISA value from 8 days or 15 days and found maximum ELISA value at 42 days. Also after booster at 49 days, ELISA value of anti Phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ in egg yolk was supported at optical density(O.D) 1.0 level, continuously. 3. Titer of phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ was showed 1: 32,000. 4. In double immunodiffusion test to phospholipase $A_2$ after double dilution of anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$, only precipitation line was made in 1:1 dilution well of anti-Phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$. But In immunodiffusion test to anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ after double dilution of phospholipase $A_2$, Precipitation line to 250ul/ml well of phospholipase $A_2$ was showed. In double immunodiffusion test to bee venom(1mg/ml) after double dilution anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$, all well without 1:32 dilution well were showed strong precipitation line. 5. In dot bloting test to anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ after diluting bee venom(0.5mg/ml), dot bloting color was showed clearly to $1/100(5{\mu}g/ml)$ in bee venom.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2004

Antibody based biosensors are very selective and ultra-sensitive. Antigen-antibody reactions have been used in immunoassays. In this research, a biosensor which uses antigen-antibody reaction was developed to measure and detect rat IgG. Because the antigen-antibody reaction is a physical bounding between antigen and antibody, there are several ways to measure an antigen-antibody reaction. Among the methods, impedance analysis has short measuring time and possibilities of analyzing various properties of the reaction using frequency analysis. Rat IgG could be detected with developed biosensor and impedance analyzer. The biosensor showed good repeatability and availability of detecting concentration changes of rat IgG.