• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2019

Mastoparan V1 was used as adjuvant of formalin-inactivated Salmonella Gallinarum whole cells vaccine against fowl typhoid in a chicken model. The 75 brown nick chickens were equally divided into 5 groups, and all chickens of each group were immunized at 6 weeks of age (0 WPPI; weeks prime post immunization), and at 9 weeks of age (3 WPPI) (except group B). Group A chickens were intramuscularly (IM) inoculated with 500 uL of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and group B chickens were subcutaneously immunized with 0.2 ml containing 5×10⁷ viable vaccine strain/bird. The chickens in groups C~E were IM inoculated with approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells, approximately 3×10⁹ cells/0.5 mL of formalin-inactivated the S. Gallinarum whole cells with mastoparan V1 as adjuvant, and 0.5 mL of PBS, respectively. S. Gallinarum outer membrane proteins-specific serum IgG titers were considerably higher in groups B~D than in groups A and E. However, the levels of IFN-γ in groups B and D only than in groups A and E were significantly higher. Following oral challenge with virulent wild-type S. Gallinarum, no chicken in groups A (no challenge group) and B was dead, and only 30% of chickens in group D was dead. However, 70% of chickens in group C and all chickens in group E were dead after oral challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that IM immunization with approximately 3×10⁹ of the formalin-inactivated S. Gallinarum whole cells containing mastoparan V1 induced robust antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in chickens. The whole cells also conferred protection against infection with wild-type S. Gallinarum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1138-1143
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• 2001

A total of 96 piglets were weaned at 19 and 13 days in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, and allotted to one of four diets: three with different spray dried plasmas (SPs) and one with hydrolysed casein (HC). SPs were from pigs (SPP), mixed origin (SMP), and mixed origin with standardized level of immunoglobulins (SMPIG). All the diets contained 1.7% total lysine, 25% of the test protein source, 45% corn starch, 15% lactose, 2% sucrose, 7% soybean oil. At d 4 and d 2 in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively, piglets were perorally challenged with $10^{10}$ CFU E. coli K88. Growth performance, immunity, and health condition were measured for 15 days and 14 days in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. To investigate apparent ileal digestibility and nutrient deposition, all piglets were sacrificed at d 14 in Exp. 2. In 1. 3 piglets died in HC diet and 1 in SPP diet. HC diet showed higher mortality (p<0.01) than other diets. In Exp. 2, no clinical sign of infection was detected, no difference for the content of E. coli K88 was found in feces at 4 and 6 days after the infection, and no E. coli K88 was found in the jejunum at the end of experiment. In both experiments, feed intake was lower for HC diet and ADG was 96, 106, 122 and 155 for HC, SPP, SMP and SMPIG diet, respectively (HC vs others, p<0.05; SMPIG vs other SP, p<0.01). Heal apparent digestibility of nitrogen in sacrificed piglets was higher for HC diet (p<0.05). After the challenge, K88-specific titers in saliva (Exp. 1) and in plasma (Exp. 2) were reduced in SMP and SMPIG. The piglets positive to the adhesion of the used E. coli strain to the intestinal brush borders had a significantly reduced growth (p<0.01) and a higher K88-specific IgA titer in plasma, in comparison with negative ones. This effect was independent of the diet. The data show the relevance of spray dried plasma sources and particularly of SP with standardized level of immunoglobulins for the feeding of early-weaned at the risk of infection by enterotoxigenic bacteria.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권9호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2015

Purpose: The clinical interpretation of children sensitized to allergens is challenging, particularly in children with food allergies. We aimed to examine clinical differences between children with monosensitization and those with polysensitization to common food allergens and to determine risk factors for polysensitization in young children <10 years of age with immediate-type food allergies. Methods: The study included children <10 years of age with signs and symptoms indicative of immediate-type food allergies. Serum total IgE level was measured, and ImmunoCAP analysis for food allergens was performed. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was $1.6{\pm}1.6$ years (75 boys and 51 girls). Thirty-eight children (30.2%) were monosensitized and 88 children (69.8%) were polysensitized. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of polysensitization to common food allergens was positively associated with a parental history of allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78-22.13; P=0.004), season of birth (summer/fall) (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.10-8.79; P=0.033), and exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of age (aOR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.20-10.25; P=0.022). Conclusion: We found significant clinical differences between children with monosensitization and those with polysensitization to common food allergens and identified risk factors for the development of polysensitization in young children with immediate-type food allergies. Clinicians should consider these clinical risk factors when evaluating, counseling, treating, and monitoring young children with food allergies.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.419-422
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• 2009

개의 림프종을 분자유전자학적으로 진단하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 12개의 염색 및 고정된 도말 표본으로부터 DNA를 추출한 후, 임파육종에 특이적인 재배열된 항원 수용체 유전자를 중합효소연쇄반응으로 증폭시켰다. 그 결과 6개의 type-B 림프종에서 type-B 세포의 림프종에 특이적인 IgH (immunoglobulin H) 주유전자(major gene)와 type-B 림프종의 부유전자(minor gene)가 증폭되었다. 또한, 3개의 type-T 세포의 림프종의 경우에도 이에 특이적인 $TCR{\gamma}$ 유전자가 증폭되었다. 한편, 에를리키아증에 이환된 표본은 $TCR{\gamma}$ 유전자가 위양성으로 증폭되었지만, 활성화된 림프절 샘플의 경우에는 어떤 유전자의 재배열도 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 림프종의 진단에 있어서 혈액 또는 조직 도말 표본의 DNA를 이용하여 재배열된 항원 수용체 유전자의 검출을 시도한다면, 특이적이고 객관적으로 림프종을 감별진단 할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 회고적 분석에도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.380-391
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• 1992

This study was designed to evaluate a direct method of $^{99m}Tc$ labeling using $\beta-mercaptoethanol$ as a reducing agent, and to investigate whether $^{99m}Tc$ labeled specific monoclonal antibody against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-92) can be used for the scintigraphic localization of human colon cancer xenograft. Purified CEA-92 IgG was fragmented into F $(ab')_2$ and then labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ by transchelation method using glucarate as a chelator. Labeling efficiency, immunological reactivity and in vitro stability of $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ were measured and then injected intravenously into nude mice bearing human colon cancer (SNU-C4). Scintigrams were obtained at 24 hour after injection. Then nude mice were sacrificed and the radioactivity was measured Labeling efficiency of injected $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$, immunoreative fraction and in vitro stability at 24 hour of injected $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ was 45.2%, 32.8% and 57.4%, respectively. At 24 hour after injection, % ID/g in kidney (46.77) showed high uptake, but %ID/g in tumor (1.65) was significantly higher than spleen (0.69), muscle (0.16), intestine (0.45), stomach (0.75), heart (0.48) and blood (0.45). There was no significant difference between tumor and liver (1.81). Tumor contrast as quantitated by tumor to blood ratio of $^{99m}Tc$ CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ was increased significantly (p<0.005) until 24 hours (3.70), and there was no statistical differece from tumor to blood ratio of I-131 CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$. The scintigram demonstrated localization of radioactivity over transplanted tumor, but significant background radioactivity was also noted over kidney and abdomen. It is concluded that CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ can be labeled with $^{99m}Tc$ by a direct transchelation method using $\beta-mercaptoethanol$ as a reducing agent and $^{99m}Tc$ labeled CEA-92 F $(ab')_2$ can be used for the scintigraphic localization of human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice model.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2002

폐흡충증은 비록 발생빈도가 현저히 줄어 현재는 드물게 발생하는 질환이 되었지만 아직도 국내에 폐흡충증과 같은 기생충감염의 보고가 있으므로 게장이나 생가재 등의 섭식을 금하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 호산구 증가증을 동반한 치료되지 않은 폐질환에 있어서 비록 객담이나 대변검사에서 충란이 발견되지 않을지라도 폐흡충증에 대한 정확한 병력청취가 필요하며 폐흡충증은 피내반응검사로 간단히 선별검사를 할 수 있고, 면역효소측정법을 이용하여 비교적 정확하게 진단할 수 있기 때문에 관심을 가지고 적극적인 검사 및 치료가 시행되어야겠다. 폐흡충증이 폐결핵과 임상증상이나 방사선학적으로 여러 가지 유사한 소견을 보인다는 점에서 폐결핵과 감별하는 것은 중요할 것 같다. 본 증례들은 전남 영암 월출산 계곡에서 잡은 생가재를 섭식한 후 일가족에서 발생한 폐흡충증으로서 이제까지 폐흡충증의 발생지역으로 보고된 적이 없었던 월출산 계곡을 새로운 폐흡충증의 발생지역으로 보고하며 지속적인 호산구 증가증을 동반한 치료되지 않은 폐질환이 있을 때 폐흡충증과 같은 기생충감염의 가능성에 대해서도 고려해야 할 것이다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1994

We have previously shown that crude water extract of Euonymus alatus (EA) had strong prophylactic effect against chemically induced-and tumor cell implanted-cancer, and that the mechanisms responsible for its antitumor effects were due to nonspecific enhancement of the NK cell activities and the cell mediated immunity. However, it was unknown that any components of crude extract did work so, since it consisted of several components. In this paper, we fractionated the crude watar EA-extract into several fraction such as hexane-, ethylether-, ethyl acetate-, n-butanol- and water soluble-fraction, and screened the immune regulating activities of each fraction by the evaluation of lymphokine production and activated lymphocyte proliferation. As a result of the component fraction of EA-extract, it was found that n-butanol fraction was a potent immunostimulator, and the remained water soluble fraction also contained some stimulator, But, other fraction did not showed any remarkable effect. It is therefore suggested that EA-glycosides in n-butanol fraction may be new one of the potent biological response modifiers. The present study was also undertaken in an efforts to investigate the effects of elm-bark(EB, Ulmus clavidiana var japonica), which has been used for curing ulcer and inflammation as a folk medicine without any kind of experimental evidence to support this, on the cellular- and humoral-immune responses, lymphocyte function and NK cell activities in mice. Regardless of time and duration of EB-treatment, Arthus reaction and antibody response to SRBC were not modified by EB, but delayed hypersensitivity to SRBC was significantly enhanced only when EB was treated prior to SRBC-sensitization. EB slightly inhibited the proliferation responses of splenocytes to PHA-stimulation, but it significantly augmented the responses of these cells to S aureus Cowan 1 and Con A-activation, and these effects were manifested only when EB was added at culture initiation. EB did not influence Ig secretion of spleen cells but it significantly augmented the Con A-induced 1L 2 and MIF production of splenocytes. NK cell activities of splenocytes were markedly riled when effector cells were pretreated with EB and this augmentation was dine to the increase of binding affinity of effector cells to target cells and the target cell lytic activities of effector cells. These results led to the conclusion that EB triggers increase of cellular immune responses, such as delayed hypersensitivitiy, lymphokine production and NK cell activities. Also these results suggested that EB contains potent immune stimulants, which may provide the rational basis for their therapeutic use as one of the new biological response modifiers.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

환경스트레스에 강한 내성을 지닌 신품종 톨페스큐를 개발할 목적으로 산화스트레스에 의해 강하게 유도되는 SWPA2 promoter 하류에 CuZnSOD와 APX 유전자가 엽록체에 동시에 발현하도록 제작한 벡터를 Agrobacterium법을 이용하여 톨 페스큐에 도입하였다. Hygromycin이 첨가된 선발배지에서 내성을 가지며 재분화된 형질전환 식물체를 pot로 이식하여 기내 순화시킨 후, Southern 분석을 실시하여 본 결과, 발현벡터의 T-DNA 영역이 형질전환 식물체의 genome에 성공적으로 도입되었음을 확인하였다. 형질전환 식물체 잎 절편을 산화스트레스와 중금속을 포함하고 있는 용액에 처리하여 엽록체의 손상정도를 조사한 결과, 비형질 전환체에 비해 형질전환체는 강한 내성을 나타내었다. 또한 유식물체 수준에서 MV를 처리하여 내성을 비교한 결과, 비형질전환체에 비해 형질전환체는 손상을 덜 받았다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 CuZnSOD와 APX 유전자를 엽록체에 동시발현시키는 기술이 다양한 환경스트레스에 대해 복합재해내성을 가지는 다양한 작물을 개발하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 나타낸 결과이다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.739-743
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• 2014

'열하' 품종은 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 고령지농업연구센터에서 2013년도 육성한 사계성 딸기 신품종이다. '열하(Yeolha)'는 '고하(Goha)' 품종을 모본으로 하고 '엘시뇨(Elsinyo)' 품종을 부본으로 2008년 교배하여, 고온장일조건에서 과실이 크고, 화방이 연속적으로 출현되는 우수한 사계성 개체를 선발한 것이다. 고랭지의 여름재배 작형에서 2010-2013년 생산력 검정, 특성검정을 거쳐 '새봉 5호'로 계통명을 부여하고, 2012년에는 2지역 적응성시험을 거쳐 '열하'로 명명하였다. '열하'의 초형은 반개장형이며, 엽형은 타원형이며, 초세가 강한 편이다. 과실모양은 원추형이며, 과색은 붉은 색이다. '열하'의 당도는 8.6%로 '플라멩고'의 8.0%보다 0.6% 더 높다. 그러나 경도는 '플라멩고'보다 낮았다. '열하'의 평균과중은 12.1g으로 사계성 품종 중에서 중간크기에 속하는 편이고, 상품수량은 $28,133kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$으로 '플라멩고' 품종보다 117% 더 많았다. 병해저항성은 시듦병에 저항성이다. '열하'는 고온장일조건에서도 화방이 연속으로 출뢰하여 다수확용으로 적당한 사계성딸기 품종이다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

Free ammonia ($NH_3$-N) inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) has been widely studied for partial nitrification (or nitrite accumulation) and denitrification via nitrite ($NO_2^-$-N) as a low-cost treatment of ammonium containing wastewater. The literature on $NH_3$-N inhibition of NOB, however, shows disagreement about the threshold $NH_3$-N concentration and its degree of inhibition. In order to clarify the confusion, a simple and cheap respirometric method was devised to investigate the effect of free ammonia inhibition of NOB. Sludge samples from an autotrophic nitrifying reactor were exposed to various $NH_3$-N concentrations to measure the maximum specific nitrite oxidation rate ($\hat{K}_{NO}$) using a respirometer. NOB biomass was estimated from the yield values in the literature. Free ammonia inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria was reversible and the specific nitrite oxidation rate ($K_{NO}$) decreased from 0.141 to 0.116, 0.100, 0.097 and 0.081 mg $NO_2^-$-N/mg NOB h, respectively, as the $NH_3$-N concentration increased from 0.0 to 1.0, 4.1, 9.7 and 22.9 mg/L. A nonlinear regression based on the noncompetitive inhibition mode gave an estimate of the Inhibition concentration ($K_I$) of free ammonia to be 21.3 mg $NH_3$-N/L. Previous studies gave $\hat{K}_{NO}$ of Nitrobacter and Nitrospira as 0.120 and 0.032 mg/mg VSS h. The free ammonia concentration which inhibits Nitrobacter was $30{\sim}50\;mg$ $NH_3$-N/L and Nitrospira was inhibited at $0.04{\sim}0.08\;mg$ $NH_3$-N/L. The results support the fact that Nitrobacter is the dominant NOB in the reactor. The variations in the reported values of free ammonia inhibition may be due to the different species of nitrite oxidizers present in the reactors. The respirometric method provides rapid and reliable analysis of the behavior and community of the nitrite oxidizing bacteria.