• 농촌계획
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 1999

This paper examines the pastoral ideal and its legacy to landscape design. We have had the routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We, who would liken a scenic view to a picture, often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pastoral literature and traditional landscape paintings: the lush of towering trees, the field of endless green, the soft babbling flow of the river and the crisp clear sky. It is not a portrayal of nature as it is, but in fact a conceptual expression of its ideal form. The ideological root of that natural beauty can be retraced to the pastoral ideal, so eagerly longed for by people of the western world. A pastoral landscape graciously marked with leisurely peace and subtle harmony is what we identify as beautiful nature. In fact, however, it is no more than an artificial refuge in contextual isolation from its surrounding, and a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. The tradition of pastoralism, reaching its peak in the 18th century with its English Landscape Garden style, was transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. Landscape design in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and process. And we simply identify the green ornamentation with nature.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2003

The modern landscape architectural profession and education of Korea was established in the early 1970s. The former president Park Chung-Hee was a main axis in this process of establishment. This paper critically examines Park Chung-Hee's thoughts on landscape architecture. It can show us the functional relationship between his thoughts and the beginning of the history of modem landscape architecture in Korea. The close relationship between Park Chung-Hee and Korean landscape architecture can be interpreted as double sides. First, landscape architecture was a matter of great interest for Park Chung-Hee. His involvement of landscape architecture went well beyond that of an amateur. Second, landscape architecture was a strategic instrument for practicing his political policy of economic development and nationalism. There are three remarkable tendencies in his thoughts on landscape architecture. First, he regarded that the main role of landscape architecture was to cover and to decorate damaged sites. Second, he had a contradictory notion of tradition and history. Last, the European pastoral ideal was his criterion for the beauty of landscape. His thoughts on landscape architecture were an amalgamation of these three contradictory ideas, and it has left some controversial inheritances for contemporary landscape architecture.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2012

대체로 정원은 인간의 자연과 문화에 대한 생각, 그리고 그 둘 간의 영향관계로 설명되어 왔다(Francis and Hester, 1990). 이 글은 정원을 인간의 꿈과 이상이 구축된 표상으로 간주하고 그 구체적인 면모를 토마스 제퍼슨의 정원을 사례로 하여 고찰해 보려고 한 것이다. 정치가로서의 면모가 더 많이 알려져 있는 토머스 제퍼슨은 직접 여러 정원을 설계하여 조성한 후 몸소 가꾼 정원가이기도 하였다. 그가 직접 설계하고 완성시킨 몬티첼로, 아카데미컬 빌리지, 포플러 포레스트 등에는 그의 국가적 이념으로서 자유와 민주주의, 중농주의 등의 이념적 가치와 함께, 전원에 대한 지향 그리고 고등교육에 대한 이상이 숨김없이 표상되어 있다. 정치가이자 신생국의 선각자로서의 이상과 함께 그의 개인적인 꿈과 신념이 공간적으로 표출되어 있는 것이다. 추구하고자 하는 상징적 의미를 은유적으로 표현하거나 그것을 공간적 도식으로 재현함으로써 제퍼슨의 이상은 자신은 물론 그 곳을 찾는 이들에게 재음미되고 공유되어졌다고 할 수가 있다. 그런 점에서 제퍼슨에게 있어서 정원은 이념과 이상을 공간적으로 드러낼 수 있는 무대였다고 할 수가 있다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find through the algorithm of traditional region theory how nature has been recognized and occupied and harmoniously used by human beings. As seen Korean traditional villages, the natural elements such as mountains and streams in Yongdam are more remarkable than the artificial elements. The people in the village regards a radius of 4-12 km as their territory and an ideal space harmonized with natural landscape. The landscape structure of Yongdam shows traditional fengshui form and has a all the characteristics that Korean rural villages have. The landscape elements, such as mountains, rivers, plains, trees, soil color, etc. characterize Yongdam village and make the landscape of Yongdam a unique place. Traditional region theory is to study an emotional reaction to the quality of life, and landscape of a settlement. And it should be a basic theory to understand the whole landscape.

• 한국조경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국조경학회 2007년도 Journal of Landscape Architecture in Asia Vol.3
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2007

Ecotourism has a concept of conservation as a basis, for economic and social values are derived from the sustainable use of natural resources. This study aims to introduce natural landscape of the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland and to describe its conservation and tourism in the Park, in order to provide the implication of landscape conservation of National Parks in Korea. Although the National Parks of Scotland were officially established long after those of England and Wales, their important features had already been internationally recognised and designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI), National Nature Reserve(NNR), or National Scenic Area(NSA). These focus on landscape conservation and are managed by Scottish Natural Heritage(SNH). The Cairngorms National Park focuses on landscape conservation and recreation, and has been the subject of a number of initiatives attempting to assess landscape resource potential and its current and future management. This implies that a carefully preserved landscape has the effect of a tourism resource in which tourists look for novelty embedded in the typicality of the landscape of the National Park. The typical landscape which is conserved in the Cairngorms National Park is understood as both an objective representative and a subjective ideal involving the meaning of the landscape. This is implicit in the tourist booklet that promotes the sightseeing activities of tourists. It is thus important that National Parks should be focused both on managing landscape as well as promoting tourism.

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 1999

The essence of Chinese landscape architecture is realization of a space that embraces nature and human integrating the openness and encloseness. The concept of landscape architecture that artificially furnishes natural elegance into urban areas coincides with the spiritual basis of Chinese literati-painting which subjectifies the scenery of objective world and entrusts personal feelings on that. In other words, the ultimate ideal of Chinese landscape architecture is embodying the Utopia of confucian intellectual in a city. This paper has tried to shed a light on inter-relationship of literati-painting theory and Chinese landscape architecture theory through comparing them. It is the identical spiritual basis they shared harmoniously that made landscape architecture, poetry and painting possible to meet.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 1994

the purpose of this study was to suggest managemental strategies for one-day use recreational area in public sector under competitive environment with private sector. Data was collected from citizens of Seoul, and 10 recreational areas were determined by a preliminary survey. Theses areas were regarded as "products", then positioning was applied to these products. Perceptual map was produced by multidimensional scaling to identify degree of competition among areas. Properties, which were developed by the Kelly Repertory Grid, were utilized to understand the strong and weak points of each area. Ideal types of recreational areas were analyzed by PREFMAP, then the size and distribution of recreation market of Seoul were found by grouping of individual ideal point by cluster analysis. Several strategies were suggested to enhance the competitive power for public recreation areas, and a few comments were described to improve this method for future research.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2006

This paper examines the conceptual shift of wilderness and its legacy to the contradictory view of nature in landscape architecture tradition. In hunting and gathering societies, there was no dichotomy between the cultivated environment and wilderness. 'Wilderness' is a word whose first usage marks the transition from a hunting-gathering economy to an agricultural society. We can identify two archetypal responses to wilderness: classical and romantic. In the classical perspective, wilderness is something to be feared-an area of waste and desolation. The conquest of wilderness and the creation of usable places is a mark of civilization. For the romantics, in contrast, untouched wilderness has the greatest significance; it has a purity that human contact tends to sully and degrade. Wilderness for the romantics is a place to revere, a place of deep spiritual significance, and an object of aesthetic experience. In the Western world, the classical position predominated until the last two hundred years when the romantic concept began to gain more ground. The shift was made possible by the change in the way nature is understood. Modernity and modern science objectified nature. The transition of the concept of wilderness exemplifies the objectification and pictorialization of nature. Wilderness in the modern era is not different from the pastoral landscape which can be controlled by landscape architects.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.22-35
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 다산 정약용의 의원기(意園記)라 할 수 있는 "제황상유인첩"의 제작 경위와 글에 나타난 주거지의 입지 및 정원 조영의 특성을 분석하여 다산이 추구한 이상적 정원에 대한 생각을 이해하고자 했다. 본 논문은 "제황상유인첩"이 이상적 주거향의 설계도로 기능했을 것으로 가정하였다. 주요 연구 대상은 "제황상유인첩"에 서술된 외부 경관이며, 관련 저작의 분석을 통해 정원 요소와 공간 조영을 수묵화로 시각화하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, "제황상유인첩"은 다산이 강진에서 유배하던 1805년(순조 5) 겨울 보은산방에서 은자의 거처에 대해 물어오던 애제자 황상의 질문에 답하여 써준 글이다. 황상은 이를 참고하여 이후 강진 대구면 천개산 아래 일속산방을 조성하였다. 둘째, "제황상유인첩" 속 주거지는 배산임수의 입지를 취하였고 생활과 여가를 겸하는 곳으로 사용되었다. 이곳은 은둔하고 있는 선비의 이상적 주거지였다. 셋째, "제황상유인첩"에 나타난 정원의 특성은 주거지 입지에 있어서의 자연지리의 운용, 다양한 식물재료의 실용적 이용, 정원의 물리적 경계 확장, 정원 요소 향유에 있어서 공감각적 미학 추구, 확장된 정원에서의 적극적 풍류체험으로 살펴볼 수 있었다. "제황상유인첩"은 유배 이후 다산이 원했던 은일하는 선비의 아취 있는 삶의 모습을 담았다. 이는 일속산방으로 구현되었다. "제황상유인첩"은 다산의 정원상이 충실하게 반영된 실현가능한 주거의 이상향으로 해석되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2005

Deokjin Park in Jeonju City was the site of a pond during the Koryo Period. Although Jeonju City has developed rapidly in modem times, Deokjin Pond was preserved and was developed into a park It can be theorized that Deokjin Pond's latent character has made it possible for it to adapt to the changes it has undergone throgh the years. In this study, the placeness of Deokjin Park is determined by examining its role in the adaptation process. Placeness can be determined by examining the objective character of a certain environment and the subjective experience related to it. For this paper, documents about the history of Deokjin Park were examined so that the facts related to it could be established. In addition, a number of Jeonju citizens were asked about their memories of Deokjin Park since memories reveal people's subjective experiences. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Deokjin Pond is an ideal space for Feng Shui. It is a holy place because the tomb of the founder of the Chosun Dynasty is close to it. In addition, it has scenic value as it is part of the Jeonju Palkyoung (eight sceneries). To this day, we can see people washing their hair in the pond, proof that Deokjin Pond is still the subject of folk beliefs. When Korea was under Japanese rule, Deokjin Pond became Deokjin Park because of its ideal location, scenic value, and grand possibilities as an amusement center. Over the years, though its scenic value decreased after the death of its pine trees. Jeonju City, however, was able to revive the park's charm though a series of renovation projects and through the addition of several facilities. Deokjin Park is now surrounded by many cultural buildings. The significance of Deokjin Park can be expected to evolve with these changes. This study helps to predict the future of Deokjin Park and to elucidate the importance of landscape architecture from the point of view of an "evolving place."