• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.5 no.2 s.10
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 1999

This paper examines the pastoral ideal and its legacy to landscape design. We have had the routine convention of experiencing natural beauty from the picture-like nature. We, who would liken a scenic view to a picture, often equate natural beauty with superficial representations of nature shown in pastoral literature and traditional landscape paintings: the lush of towering trees, the field of endless green, the soft babbling flow of the river and the crisp clear sky. It is not a portrayal of nature as it is, but in fact a conceptual expression of its ideal form. The ideological root of that natural beauty can be retraced to the pastoral ideal, so eagerly longed for by people of the western world. A pastoral landscape graciously marked with leisurely peace and subtle harmony is what we identify as beautiful nature. In fact, however, it is no more than an artificial refuge in contextual isolation from its surrounding, and a by-stander's nature seen purely through the eyes of the outsider. The tradition of pastoralism, reaching its peak in the 18th century with its English Landscape Garden style, was transplanted into the real world through the practice of landscape architecture. Landscape design in such a form is just a static means of decoration devoid of meaning and process. And we simply identify the green ornamentation with nature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2003

The modern landscape architectural profession and education of Korea was established in the early 1970s. The former president Park Chung-Hee was a main axis in this process of establishment. This paper critically examines Park Chung-Hee's thoughts on landscape architecture. It can show us the functional relationship between his thoughts and the beginning of the history of modem landscape architecture in Korea. The close relationship between Park Chung-Hee and Korean landscape architecture can be interpreted as double sides. First, landscape architecture was a matter of great interest for Park Chung-Hee. His involvement of landscape architecture went well beyond that of an amateur. Second, landscape architecture was a strategic instrument for practicing his political policy of economic development and nationalism. There are three remarkable tendencies in his thoughts on landscape architecture. First, he regarded that the main role of landscape architecture was to cover and to decorate damaged sites. Second, he had a contradictory notion of tradition and history. Last, the European pastoral ideal was his criterion for the beauty of landscape. His thoughts on landscape architecture were an amalgamation of these three contradictory ideas, and it has left some controversial inheritances for contemporary landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2012

The garden has long served as away of thinking about nature and about culture and how each influences the other (Francis and Hester, 1990). This study, viewing the garden as a representation of the ideal, tried to seek for detailed aspects of the aforementioned ideal with the representative examples of Thomas Jefferson's gardens. Hidden behind his best known position as a politician was his other career: designer and creator of several gardens. Monticello, Academical Village, and Poplar Forest represented not only his ideals of national values like freedom, democracy and agrarian society, but also a yearning for the rural area and ideals for higher education realization. His personal desire and ideal are represented inside the spatial order, together with his ideals as a politician and the pioneer of new country. By representing the symbolic meaning metaphorically and restructuring it through a spatial scheme, Jefferson's ideal was admired and shared with visitors. In this way, Jefferson's gardens were practical stages to reveal his ideals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.9
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find through the algorithm of traditional region theory how nature has been recognized and occupied and harmoniously used by human beings. As seen Korean traditional villages, the natural elements such as mountains and streams in Yongdam are more remarkable than the artificial elements. The people in the village regards a radius of 4-12 km as their territory and an ideal space harmonized with natural landscape. The landscape structure of Yongdam shows traditional fengshui form and has a all the characteristics that Korean rural villages have. The landscape elements, such as mountains, rivers, plains, trees, soil color, etc. characterize Yongdam village and make the landscape of Yongdam a unique place. Traditional region theory is to study an emotional reaction to the quality of life, and landscape of a settlement. And it should be a basic theory to understand the whole landscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
• /
• 2007.10b
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2007

Ecotourism has a concept of conservation as a basis, for economic and social values are derived from the sustainable use of natural resources. This study aims to introduce natural landscape of the Cairngorms National Park in Scotland and to describe its conservation and tourism in the Park, in order to provide the implication of landscape conservation of National Parks in Korea. Although the National Parks of Scotland were officially established long after those of England and Wales, their important features had already been internationally recognised and designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest(SSSI), National Nature Reserve(NNR), or National Scenic Area(NSA). These focus on landscape conservation and are managed by Scottish Natural Heritage(SNH). The Cairngorms National Park focuses on landscape conservation and recreation, and has been the subject of a number of initiatives attempting to assess landscape resource potential and its current and future management. This implies that a carefully preserved landscape has the effect of a tourism resource in which tourists look for novelty embedded in the typicality of the landscape of the National Park. The typical landscape which is conserved in the Cairngorms National Park is understood as both an objective representative and a subjective ideal involving the meaning of the landscape. This is implicit in the tourist booklet that promotes the sightseeing activities of tourists. It is thus important that National Parks should be focused both on managing landscape as well as promoting tourism.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.8 no.2 s.19
• /
• pp.33-45
• /
• 1999

The essence of Chinese landscape architecture is realization of a space that embraces nature and human integrating the openness and encloseness. The concept of landscape architecture that artificially furnishes natural elegance into urban areas coincides with the spiritual basis of Chinese literati-painting which subjectifies the scenery of objective world and entrusts personal feelings on that. In other words, the ultimate ideal of Chinese landscape architecture is embodying the Utopia of confucian intellectual in a city. This paper has tried to shed a light on inter-relationship of literati-painting theory and Chinese landscape architecture theory through comparing them. It is the identical spiritual basis they shared harmoniously that made landscape architecture, poetry and painting possible to meet.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 1994

the purpose of this study was to suggest managemental strategies for one-day use recreational area in public sector under competitive environment with private sector. Data was collected from citizens of Seoul, and 10 recreational areas were determined by a preliminary survey. Theses areas were regarded as "products", then positioning was applied to these products. Perceptual map was produced by multidimensional scaling to identify degree of competition among areas. Properties, which were developed by the Kelly Repertory Grid, were utilized to understand the strong and weak points of each area. Ideal types of recreational areas were analyzed by PREFMAP, then the size and distribution of recreation market of Seoul were found by grouping of individual ideal point by cluster analysis. Several strategies were suggested to enhance the competitive power for public recreation areas, and a few comments were described to improve this method for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.34 no.1 s.114
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2006

This paper examines the conceptual shift of wilderness and its legacy to the contradictory view of nature in landscape architecture tradition. In hunting and gathering societies, there was no dichotomy between the cultivated environment and wilderness. 'Wilderness' is a word whose first usage marks the transition from a hunting-gathering economy to an agricultural society. We can identify two archetypal responses to wilderness: classical and romantic. In the classical perspective, wilderness is something to be feared-an area of waste and desolation. The conquest of wilderness and the creation of usable places is a mark of civilization. For the romantics, in contrast, untouched wilderness has the greatest significance; it has a purity that human contact tends to sully and degrade. Wilderness for the romantics is a place to revere, a place of deep spiritual significance, and an object of aesthetic experience. In the Western world, the classical position predominated until the last two hundred years when the romantic concept began to gain more ground. The shift was made possible by the change in the way nature is understood. Modernity and modern science objectified nature. The transition of the concept of wilderness exemplifies the objectification and pictorialization of nature. Wilderness in the modern era is not different from the pastoral landscape which can be controlled by landscape architects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.22-35
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to understand the idea of the ideal garden, pursued by Dasan, by analyzing the production process of his writing and the location of his dwelling, and the characteristics of the garden in the writings of Dasan (茶山) Jeong Yag-Yong (丁若鏞)'s "Jaehwangsangyuincheop (題黃裳幽人帖)" is concerned with his writings on an imaginary garden (意園). This paper assumed that "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" served as a blueprint for his ideal dwelling. The main research subjects are the external scenes described in the "Jaehwangsangyuincheop", and the garden elements and spatial construction that were visualized as a Korean Ink Painting (水墨畵) through the analysis of related works. The results are as follows. First, Hwang Sang was Dasan's favorite pupil, and "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" was written by Dasan while at Boeunsanbang in the winter of 1805 as an answer to a question that Hwang Sang posed about the residence of a hermit. By referring to this response, Hwang Sang established Ilsoksanbang (一粟山房) under Mt. Cheongae in Daegu-myeon, Gangjin. Secondly, the residence in "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" has mountains behind it and water in front of it (背山臨水). The residence was used as a place to combine life and leisure. It was an ideal residence that secluded the scholar(隱士). Thirdly, Dasan's ideal garden was shown as operation of natural geography in a residential location, practically using various plant materials, expanding physical boundaries of garden, pursuing synesthetic aesthetics while enjoying garden elements, and having an active experience of the taste for the arts in the extended garden. "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" depicted the life of a scholar with the taste of elegance (雅趣), who live in reclusiveness (隱逸), which was wanted by Dasan after exile. It was realized as Ilsoksanbang. "Jaehwangsangyuincheop" was interpreted as the ideal of a feasible dwelling that faithfully reflects Dasan's conceptual thoughts on the garden.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.3 s.110
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2005

Deokjin Park in Jeonju City was the site of a pond during the Koryo Period. Although Jeonju City has developed rapidly in modem times, Deokjin Pond was preserved and was developed into a park It can be theorized that Deokjin Pond's latent character has made it possible for it to adapt to the changes it has undergone throgh the years. In this study, the placeness of Deokjin Park is determined by examining its role in the adaptation process. Placeness can be determined by examining the objective character of a certain environment and the subjective experience related to it. For this paper, documents about the history of Deokjin Park were examined so that the facts related to it could be established. In addition, a number of Jeonju citizens were asked about their memories of Deokjin Park since memories reveal people's subjective experiences. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. Deokjin Pond is an ideal space for Feng Shui. It is a holy place because the tomb of the founder of the Chosun Dynasty is close to it. In addition, it has scenic value as it is part of the Jeonju Palkyoung (eight sceneries). To this day, we can see people washing their hair in the pond, proof that Deokjin Pond is still the subject of folk beliefs. When Korea was under Japanese rule, Deokjin Pond became Deokjin Park because of its ideal location, scenic value, and grand possibilities as an amusement center. Over the years, though its scenic value decreased after the death of its pine trees. Jeonju City, however, was able to revive the park's charm though a series of renovation projects and through the addition of several facilities. Deokjin Park is now surrounded by many cultural buildings. The significance of Deokjin Park can be expected to evolve with these changes. This study helps to predict the future of Deokjin Park and to elucidate the importance of landscape architecture from the point of view of an "evolving place."