• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.476-482
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• 2005

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of 11-hydroxyaclacinomycin X (ID-6105), a novel anthracycline, after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration at a multiple dose every 24 h for 5 days in rats. To analyze ID-6105 levels in biological samples, we used an HPLC-based method which was validated in a pharmacokinetic study by suitable criteria. The concentrations of ID-6105 after the multiple administration for 5 days were not significantly different from the results after the single administration. The $t_{1/2\alpha}, t_{l/2\beta}, V_{dss}, and CL_{t}$ after the multiple administration were not significantly different from the values after the single administration. Moreover, the concentrations of ID-6105 1 min at day 1-5 after i.v. bolus multiple administration did not show the significant difference. Of the various tissues, ID-6105 mainly distributed to the kidney, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, and liver after i.v. bolus multiple administration. ID-6105 concentrations in the kidney or lung 2 h after i.v. bolus administration were comparable to the plasma concentration shortly after i.v. bolus administration. However, the ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues 48 h after i.v. bolus administration decreased to low levels. ID-6105 was excreted largely in the bile after i.v. bolus multiple administration at the dose of 3 mg/kg. The amounts of ID-6105 found in the bile by 12 h or in the urine by 48 h after the administration were calculated to be $14.1\% or 4.55\%$ of the initial dose, respectively, indicating that ID-6105 is mostly excreted in the bile. In conclusion, ID-6105 was rapidly cleared from the blood and transferred to tissues, suggesting that ID-6105 might not be accumulated in the blood following i.v. bolus multiple dosages of 3 mg/kg every 24 h for 5 days. By 48 h after i.v. bolus administration, ID-6105 concentrations in various tissues had decreased to very low levels. The majority of ID-6105 appears to be excreted in the bile.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2011

As the existing contactless power transfer system(CPTS) is adopting the principle of contactless transformer enables to supply power in contactless way using RFID(radio frequency identification)/ID communication method between primary and secondary sides of contactless transformer and detect the alien load. Such CPTS requires the circuit that generates ID in addition, and the ID identification and control generated from the secondary side is performed at the primary side, which cuases complexity of the circuit. Therefore, this study suggested the CPTS using voltage phase, and In order to verify the validity of this study, 3[W] class CPTS shall be designed, and the simulation and test of CPTS using current and voltage phases shall be carried out.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

연구 목적: Microarray data에 의해 밝혀진 생쥐자궁에서의 Id 유전자의 hormonal effect와 implantation process 동안의 관계를 조사하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 난소절제한 생쥐에 estrogen을 주사하고 6시간, 12시간이 지난 후 자궁을 적출하여 두 가지 방법으로 sample을 준비하였다. 먼저 자궁전체의 RNA를 추출하여 실험하거나 laser capture microdissection (LCM) 방법으로 자궁내막상피세포, 자궁기질세포, 자궁근육층으로 분리하여 RNA를 추출하고 semi-quantative RT-PCR을 수행하여 Id 유전자의 발현을 조사하였다. 임신 4.5일째 생쥐에 Chicago blue dye를 주사하여 착상부위와 비착상부위를 분리하고 RNA를 추출하여 Id 유전자의 발현을 semiquantitative RT-PCR 방법으로 실험하였다. 결 과: Estrogen을 처리한 난소절제된 생쥐 자궁에서의 cDNA microarray 자료에서 Id-1 mRNA는 점진적으로 두 배 이상 증가하였고 Id-2 mNRA는 반대로 시간이 지날수록 두 배 이상 감소하였다. Microarray 자료를 재확인하기 위해 semi-quantitative RT-PCR을 이용하여 실험하였고, 그 결과 Id-1 유전자는 estrogen 처리 6시간까지는 큰 변화가 없었으나 12시간에서는 4배 이상의 높은 발현을 보였으며, Id-2 mRNA의 발현은 estrogen 처리 6시간과 12시간 모두에서 대조군에 비해 4배 가량 감소하였다. 이 실험군을 LCM을 이용하여 자궁내막상피세포, 자궁기질세포, 자궁근육층을 각각 분리하여 실험한 결과 estrogen 처리군에서 Id-1의 발현은 자궁내막상피세포에서만 높은 발현을 보였으며, estrogen 처리 6시간과 12시간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, Id-2 mRNA는 자궁내막상피세포에서 estrogen 처리 6, 12시간 모두에서 높은 발현을 보였고, 근육세포층에서는 estrogen 처리 6시간에서는 변화가 거의 없었으나 12시간에는 현저하게 증가하였다. 단, 자궁기질세포에서는 대조군에 비해 estrogen 6, 12시간에서 Id-2 mRNA의 발현이 감소하였다. 임신한 생쥐 자궁의 착상부위에서는 Id-1 mNRA의 발현은 비착상부 위보다 월등하게 높은 증가를 보였다. 결 론: 난소절제 생쥐를 이용한 실험에서 Id-1, -3는 estrogen에 의해 발현이 증가하고, Id-2는 발현이 감소하였다. LCM을 이용한 실험에서는 Id-2는 이와는 달리 부위별 발현양상은 다르게 나타났지만 이는 넓은 부위를 차지하는 자궁기질에서의 발현감소가 전체적인 Id-2의 발현양상으로 나타난 것으로 추측된다. 착상부위에서의 Id의 발현은 Id-1만이 유일하게 월등한 증가를 보였다. 위의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 생쥐 자궁에서 Id 유전자는 estrogen에 의해 조절되며 직, 간접적으로 착상시기에 다양한 작용을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Digital Contents
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• no.3 s.10
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• pp.95-96
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• 1994

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

In this paper, we studied line coding technology tendency for high speed data communication at LED-ID (Identification) communication system in indoor environment. A LED-ID technology is a communication using visible ray (RGB) that come out in LED device. It is energy curtailment effect and possible in ubiquitous network service applications. The LED-ID system has the above advantages about that the communication throughout the whole room is enabled by high power lighting and lighting equipment with white colored LED which are easy to install and have good outward appearance. Therefore, the transmission by light waves is more suitable for wireless networks than by radio waves. We compared with the NRZ, AMI, 4B5B, HDB3, 8B10B line coding for efficient in error detection and serves data transmission of high speed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.414-425
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• 2010

When we implement the single frequency network (SFN) in ATSC terrestrial DTV system, there is an interference problem to DTV receivers due to the use of same frequency channel among transmitters and repeaters. To resolve this problem, it is recommended to adopt the transmitter identification signals in transmitting equipments. In this paper, we analyzed the influence suffered by legacy DTV receivers when the TxID signal is added to the DTV transmitting signals and the results were further verified by computer simulation, laboratory test and field test. The above tests show that if the TxID signal is added to the level of -30dB compared to the original DTV signal, the TOV(Threshold Of Visibility) increment in legacy receivers is about 0.17 dB. It means that we can insert and transmit the TxID signal in ATSC terrestrial DTV system without making the negative effect to the legacy DTV receivers.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.1289-1310
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• 2016

Dynamic ID-based authentication solves the ID-theft problem by changing the ID in each session instead of using a fixed ID while performing authenticated key exchanges between communicating parties. User anonymity is expected to be maintained and the exchanged key kept secret even if one of the long-term keys is compromised in the future. However, in the conventional dynamic ID-based authentication scheme, if the server's long-term key is compromised, user anonymity can be broken or the identities of the users can be traced. In addition, these schemes are vulnerable to replay attacks, in which any adversary who captures the authentication message can retransmit it, and eventually cause the legitimate user to be denied service. This paper proposes a novel dynamic ID-based authentication scheme that preserves forward anonymity as well as forward secrecy and obviates replay attacks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.831-838
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• 2018

Trophic interactions of introduced biocontrol fungi with soil animals can be a key determinant in the fungal proliferation and activity. This study investigated the trophic interaction of an introduced biocontrol fungus with soil nematodes. The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and the fungivorous nematode Aphelenchoides sp. (10 per gram of soil) were added to nonsterile soil, and microbial populations were monitored for 40 days. Similar results were obtained when the experiment was duplicated. ThzID1-M3 stimulated the population growth of indigenous nematodes (p < 0.05), regardless of whether Aphelenchoides sp. was added. Without ThzID1-M3, indigenous nematodes did not increase in number and the added Aphelenchoides sp. nematodes almost disappeared by day 10. With ThzID1-M3, population growth of nematodes was rapid between 5 and 10 days after treatment. ThzID1-M3 biomass peaked on day 5, dropped at day 10, and then almost disappeared at day 20, which was not influenced by the addition of nematodes. In contrast, a large quantity of ThzID1-M3 hyphae were present in a heat-treated soil in which nematodes were eliminated. Total fungal biomass in all treatments peaked on day 5 and subsequently decreased. Addition of nematodes increased the total fungal biomass (p < 0.05), but ThzID1-M3 addition did not affect the fungal biomass. Hyphae of total fungi when homogenously distributed did not support the nematode population growth; however, hyphae of the introduced fungus did when densely localized. The results suggest that soil fungivorous nematodes are an important constraint on the hyphal proliferation of fungal agents introduced into natural soils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.815-822
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• 2021

Indigenous fungus-feeding nematodes may adversely affect the growth and activity of introduced biocontrol fungi. Alginate pellets of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1-M3 and sclerotia of the fungal plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were added to nonsterile soil at a soil water potential of -50 or -1,000 kPa. The biomass of ThzID1-M3, nematode populations, and extent of colonization of sclerotia by ThzID1-M3 were monitored over time. The presence of ThzID1-M3 increased the nematode population under both moisture regimes (p < 0.05), and fungivores comprised 69-75% of the nematode population. By day 5, the biomass of ThzID1-M3b and its colonization of sclerotia increased and were strongly correlated (R² = 0.98), followed by a rapid reduction, under both regimes. At -50 kPa (the wetter of the two environments), fungal biomass and colonization by ThzID1-M3 were less, in the period from 5 to 20 days, while fungivores were more abundant. These results indicate that ThzID1-M3 stimulated the population growth of fungivorous nematodes, which in turn, reduced the biocontrol ability of the fungus to mycoparasitize sclerotia. However, colonization incidence reached 100% by day 5 and remained so for the experimental period under both regimes, although hyphal fragments disappeared by day 20. Our results suggest that indigenous fungivores are an important constraint for the biocontrol activity of introduced fungi, and sclerotia can provide spatial refuge for biocontrol fungi from the feeding activity of fungivorous nematodes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1716-1721
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• 2021

Chikungunya fever is an arboviral disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The disease has similar clinical manifestations with other acute febrile illnesses which complicates differential diagnosis in low-resource settings. We aimed to develop a rapid test for CHIKV detection based on the nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay technology. The system consists of a primer set that recognizes the E1 region of the CHIKV genome and test strips in an enclosed cassette which are used to detect amplicons labeled with FITC/biotin. Amplification of the viral genome was done using open-source PCR, a low-cost open-source thermal cycler. Assay performance was evaluated using a panel of RNA isolated from patients' blood with confirmed CHIKV (n = 8) and dengue virus (n = 20) infection. The open-source PCR-NALFIA platform had a limit of detection of 10 RNA copies/ml. The assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 67.56% - 100%) and 100% (95% CI: 83.89% - 100%), respectively, compared to reference standards of any positive virus culture on C6/36 cell lines and/or qRT-PCR. Further evaluation of its performance using a larger sample size may provide important data to extend its usefulness, especially its utilization in the peripheral healthcare facilities with scarce resources and outbreak situations.