• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2019

Objectives: The resin infiltration technique is a promising alternative therapy for arresting the early dental caries. However, there are very few reports on the safety and biocompatibility of this technique. We evaluated various properties of resin infiltrant (RI) based on a triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA).The water sorption (Wsp) and water solubility (Wsl) was assessed. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of RI against both animal and human fibroblast cell lines was investigated. Methods: The RI of the $Icon^{(R)}$, the first product developed for resin infiltration, is mainly composed of TEGDMA in the resin matrix. The Wsp and Wsl for the RI were measured in accordance with ISO 4049 specifications. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for analyzing the polymerization before and after curing of RI. The cytotoxicity of RI against the mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (hTERT-hNOF) was evaluated using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Wsp and Wsl of the RI specimens were $53.37{\mu}g/mm^3$ and $10.6{\mu}g/mm^3$, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed a slightly higher degree of curing with longer irradiation time. The degree of conversion for RI was high (80.9%) after 40 seconds of light curing. There was a significant decrease in the viability of L929 and hTERT-hNOF cells at RI extraction solution concentrations above 50%, respectively, compared to that in the negative control (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Even though the RI exhibited positive effect on the early prevention of dental caries, the clinicians should also consider the toxicity of RI on periodontal tissues.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-54
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• 2019

Since the birth of melodrama in the early Enlightenment era, it has flowed through various cultures and media. In order to grasp the principle of differentiation of melodrama and the direction of its change, a developmental approach to the formation process of melodrama is necessary. In this regard, this paper examines the formation process of modern melodrama and its aesthetic features around the time of the French Revolution. The modern melodrama was formed in the period between the end of the 18th century and the start of the 19th century. It was born at the intersectional point of the contradictions of the modern imagination and the political paradox of the French Revolution, which demanded an autonomous citizenship but did not recognize a woman as a citizen. The aesthetic of women's sacrifice and tears reproduced in the modern melodrama is a political aspiration to restore a corrupt society by glamorizing a woman as a moral icon. This was an icon to save a society under divide and crisis and a coordination of emotions to conceal sexist violence in the politics of the exclusion of women. The aesthetic of women's sacrifice and tears reproduced in modern melodrama has consistently been considered under negative evaluation such as a play of moral hypocrisy and vulgar drama. However, the academic interest in melodrama in the 1970s has been amplified due to the "Sirk-melo" which is a transition to the new aesthetic of women's sacrifice and tears, encompassing not only women, but also races and classes. In modern society, entering the era of uncertainty, where various social problems, national disasters, and global disasters have become commonplace, 'the aesthetic of women's sacrifice and tears' are shifting from gender differences to various victim narratives. Reviewing new theoretical trends and changes of recent melodrama as well as analyzing specific works are left as follow-up tasks.Since the birth of the melodrama in the early Enlightenment era, it has flowed through various cultures and media. In order to grasp the principle of differentiation of melodrama and the direction of its change, a developmental approach to the formation process of melodrama is basically necessary. In this regard, this paper examines the formation process of modern melodrama and its aesthetic features around the time of the French Revolution.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2003

This study aims to understanding the effects of culture on websites with emphasis on the website structure and navigation. The website is inherently‘cultural’because anyone around the world can access to website if he or she is equipped with appropriate equipment. For the importance of cultural role in website, various researches have been conducted to understand the relationship between culture and website. However they tended to focus mainly on phenomenal matters such as color, layout, icon etc. There have been not so many thorough attempts to causal relationships between website and‘thick culture’in depth. The study conducted cross-cultural usability testing of websites between Korea and America. At first, representative I-commerce websites of Korea and America were selected and they were analyzed by the selected frameworks such as layout, display type, element type, and the relationship with homepage and sub-page navigation. The results were used to construct typical prototypes of website for Korea and America for experiment. Two websites were used for cross-cultural usability testing though specially-developed remote testing. 20 users from each country participated in the usability testing. The result shows that Korean users peformed better usability testing for Korean style structure of website while American counterparts showed better performances in American style of websites. Other various significant findings were revealed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-264
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the priority of information presentation and the effective menu type to be placed in the center of a gauge cluster display for commercial trucks and to present a set of ergonomic designs for the gauge cluster display. Background: An effective ergonomic design is specifically needed for the development of the gauge cluster display for the commercial trucks, because more diverse and heavier information is delivered to truck drivers, compared to the information to passenger car drivers. Method: First, all the information that must be shown on the commercial truck display was collected. Then, the severity, frequency of use, and display design parameters were evaluated for those information by commercial truck drivers. Next, an analysis on the information attributes and the heuristic evaluation utilizing the display design principles were carried out. According to the results, a design alternative of the main screen to be displayed was constructed by priority. A comparative analysis between the alternative and existing main screens was also conducted to see the efficacy of the designs. Lastly, we conducted an experiment for the selection of menu type. The experiment was conducted using the driving simulator with an eye-tracking device. The independent variables were four types of the menu reflecting the commercial truck characteristics such as grid type, icon type, list type, and flow type. We measured preference, total execution time, the total duration of fixation on the gauge cluster area, and the total number of fixation on the gauge cluster area as dependent variables. Results: Four types of driver convenience information and six types of driver assistance information were selected as the information to be placed primarily on the main screen of the gauge cluster. The Grid type was the most effective among the menu types. Conclusion: In this study, the information that appears on the main screen of the display, the division of the display and the design of the menu type for commercial truck drivers were suggested. Application: This study is expected to be utilized as guidelines on the ergonomic design of a gauge cluster display for commercial trucks.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.925-935
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• 2013

In this study, a comprehensive field monitoring was conducted to understand habitat conditions of fish species in up and downstream of Hoengseong Dam. Based on the monitoring data, riverine health conditions such as composition ratio of fish species, bio-diversity (dominance index, diversity, evenness and richness), index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) were assessed, and optimal ecological flowrates (OEF) were estimated using the habitat suitability indexes (HSI) established for three fish species Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Pungtungia herzi and Microphysogobio longidorsalis selected as icon species using the physical habitat simulation system (PHABSIM). The total number of species sampled was 20 species, and two species of Zacco platypus (30.4%) and C. splendidus (20.9%) dominated the fish community. As a result, it was revealed that IBI and QHEI values decreased from upstream to downstream along the river. The estimated IBI value ranged from 24 to 36 with average being 30.9 out of 50, rendering the site ecologically fair to good health conditions. HSI for C. splendidus were determined according to three different month in terms of season: Spring (April), Summer (August) and Autumn (October). HSI for flow velocity were estimated at 0.7 to 0.8 m/s for the Spring, 0.5 to 1.0 m/s for the Summer and 0.8 to 0.9 m/s for the Autumn. HSI for water depth were estimated at 0.3 to 0.5 m for the Spring; 0.3 to 0.5 m for the Summer; and 0.3 to 0.4 m for the Autumn. OEF was estimated at 4.2 and $6.5m^3/s$ for the Spring and Autumn, and $12.0m^3/s$ for the Summer. Overall, it was concluded that the Hoengseong Dam has been relatively well protected from the anthropogenic disturbance for the legally protected species including the endemic species studied in this study.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.111-123
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• 1993

TravTek이란 Travel Technology의 합성어이며, 미래의 여행자들이 차를 사용하여 여행할 때, 보다 편리하고 쾌적한 여행이 될 수 있도록 차에 컴퓨터단말기를 부착하여 현재 주행하고 있는 도로 를 차안에서 화면을 통하여 볼 수 있고, 컴퓨터가 최단경로를 운전자에게 제시하고, 도로의 상황과 여 행정보(즉 호텔, 관공명소, 행사안내등)를 컴퓨터화면으로 나타내고, 그 정보를 컴퓨터음성으로 들려 주는 것등이 TravTek 시스템의 주된 요소들이다. 현재 미국 플로리다주의 올란도시에서 GM회사가 TravTek 시스템을 설치한 차 100대를 가지고 10개의 기관이 합작으로 평가연구중에 있으며, 이 논문에서 다루고자 하는 것은 그중에서 이차의 인간공학적 평가로 제한하고자 한다. 이러한 시스템을 설치한 차 를 타고 여행할 때, 여행자가 과연 얼마나 안락하게 여행할 수 있으며, 도로의 체증현상을 줄이고, 사 고를 예방하며, 차의 설계와 목적이 인간공학적으로 합당한 가를 알아보고자 하는 연구이다. 인간공학적 평가 인자들은 (1) 운전자의 수행도, (2) 사용자 선호도, (3) 사용자 인식, (4) 운행정보등이다. 그리고 컴퓨터음성을 사용하였을 때와 사용하지 않았을 때의 두가지 경우와 (1) 움직이는 컴퓨터 지도를 사용하 였을 때, (2) 단순화 한 도로안내를 사용하였을 때, (3) 컴퓨터 지도를 사용하지 않았을 경우(종이지도 사용)에 관해 위의 4가지 인간공학적 인자들을 평가하고자 한다. 이 연구는 아직도 진행중이라 발표하 고자 하는 논문역시 현재까지의 연구결과를 토대로 발표하는 것이므로 완전한 결론을 내릴 수는 없고, 진행과정의 내용과 토의사항과 잠정적인 결론을 제시하고자 한다.기서 사용된 아이콘에 대해서만 타당한 것으로 이것을 모든 아이콘에 대해 일반화시키기는 어려우나 이후에 행해질 Icon-based User Interface 분야의 많은 연구들의 기초가 될 것이다. 더불어 아이콘과 관련된 많은 요인들(문화적 영향, 아이콘 색깔, 크기, 아이콘의 위치등이 인식에 미치는 영향)에 대해서도 연구가 행해져야 할 것이다. 확인하고 각각의 기능을 분명히 했다.가 수월하게 하였고 메모리를 동적으로 관리할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 기존의 smpl에 디버깅용 함수 및 설비(facility) 제어용 함수를 추가하여 시뮬레이션 프로그램 작성을 용이하게 하였다. 예를 들면 who_server(), who_queue(), pop_Q(), push_Q(), pop_server(), push_server(), we(), wf(), printfct() 같은 함수들이다. 또한 동시에 발생되는 사건들의 순서를 조종하기 위해, 동시에 발생할 수 있는 각각의 사건에 우선순위를 두어 이 우선 순위에 의하여 사건 리스트(event list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation energy of carriers from the shal