• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1228-1233
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• 1999

A study was conducted on four maize cultivars to determine the dry matter and fibre digestibility as influenced by advancing plant age. Samples of maize cultivars Akbar, Neelum, UM-81 and IZ-31 were harvested at weekly intervals/ growth stages. The samples of morphological fractions such as leaf and stem were also collected at various growth stages. Whole mixed fodder and different fractions of maize plant were analysed for their chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of whole maize plant, leaf and stem decreased significantly with advancing stage of maturity. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose decreased significantly in all plant parts with advancing plant age/growth stages. Maximum values for the digestibility of dry matter and various cell wall constituents were observed in leaf, followed by whole plant and stem fractions. Cultivars were observed to have significant effect of IVDMD and digestibility of NDF, ADF and cellulose in all plant fractions. The results indicated that digestibility of maize fodder was affected by stage of maturity and cultivars. However, maturity had a greater effect on digestibility in all plant fractions than did cultivars. Dry matter contents were found to be significantly and negatively correlated with IVDMD of whole plant and its leaf and stem fractions. Based on correlations, regression equations were computed to predict IVDMD.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2009

본 실험은 국립축산과학원에 초지사료연구센터에서 조사료의 IVDMD 분석을 위해 사용 중인 Holstein을 이용하여, 혼합건초를 자유 채식케 하는 Holstein에서 반추위액의 채취 시간이 사료작물의 IVDMD에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 사료작물은 청보리 (Yong-yang, Yu-yeong), 크림손 클로버 (Tibbee), 이탈리안 라이그라스(Kospeed, Kogreen, Hwasan 101), 호밀(Wintergreen) 등 4작물 7품종을 공시재료로 이용하였으며, 반추위액의 채취 시간은 T1: 농후사료 급여 전, T2: 사료급여 직후(급여 1시간 후), T3: 사료급여 후 4시간, T4: 사료급여 후 8시간으로 하였다. 모든 사료작물에서 T1 처리구의 위액을 이용한 IVDMD가 T2, T3, T4 처리구에서 채취한 위액을 이용한 IVDMD 보다 높게 나타났다. 특히 IRG의 Kospeed의 경우 T1 처리구에서 T2 처리구보다, Kogreen의 경우 T1 처리구에서 T2 및 T3 처리구보다 IVDMD이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 하지만 나머지 모든 사료작물에서 처리구간에 IVDMD의 차이는 있었지만 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 혼합건초의 자유채식이 사료급여 횟수를 증가시킴과 동시에 조사료를 충분히 급여하는 효과를 가져와 침 분비량이 증가하여, 배합사료 급여 후에도 제 1 위 내 pH가 정상범위를 유지하여 사료작물의 안정적인 소화에 영향을 미친 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.531-536
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or LAB+cellulases on the cell wall compositions and the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Rhodesgrass (RG) and Italian ryegrass (IRG) silages. LAB (Lactobacillus cassei) at a concentration of $10{\times}10^5\;cfu.g^{-1}$ fresh forage was added to all ensiling samples (except the untreated control) of RG and IRG. The cellulases used were Acremoniumcellulase (A), Meicelase (M) or a mixture of both (AM). Each cellulase was applied at levels of 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 % fresh sample. The samples were incubated at 20, 30 and $40^{\circ}C$ for about 2 months of storage. LAB inoculation did not affect cell wall components or IVDMD of both the RG and IRG silages, but LAB+cellulase treatments did. Increasing the amount of cellulase addition resulted in further decreases of cell wall concentrations. This reduction more markedly occurred with cellulases A and AM than it did with cellulase M. Cell wall components losses were higher in the IRG silages than in the RG silages. LAB+cellulase treatments decreased IVDMD of the RG silages, but had no effect on the IRG silages. The different effect of LAB+cellulase treatments on cell wall degradation and IVDMD of the RG and IRG silages suggested that RG contains more structural carbohydrates, which were difficult to degrade with cellulase, than did IRG.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2000

Triticale을 사료로서의 특성을 알기 위하여 밀(북견 66호, 월한1호, 치오쿠코무기), 호밀(Amilo, W Warko, Mardar), triticale(Moniko, Presto, Tewo)을 출수기, 유숙기, 호숙기, 황숙기에 수확하여, 건물 수량, 사료성분 및 IVDMD을 조사했다. 1. 재료의 건물수량은 어느 초종도 생육에 따라 증가했고, triticale은 다른 2종의 초종보다 수량성이 우수했다. 2. triticale의 사료성분은 대부분 멸과 호밀의 중간에 위치했다. 3. triticale과 호멸의 IVDMD는 출수기부터 호숙기까지 저하하고, 성숙기에 향상한 것에 반해 밀은 생육에 따라 저하했다. triticale의 IVDMD는 출수기와 성숙기에서 가장 높았고, 유숙기와 호숙기에서는 밀이 높았고, 호밀은 출수기를 제외한 모든 시기에서 최저였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2017

Objective: The study explored the dynamics of shearing force and its correlation with chemical compositions and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of stylo. Methods: The shearing force, diameter, linear density, chemical composition, and IVDMD of different height stylo stem were investigated. Linear regression analysis was done to determine the relationships between the shearing force and cut height, diameter, chemical composition, or IVDMD. Results: The results showed that shearing force of stylo stem increased with plant height increasing and the crude protein (CP) content and IVDMD decreased but fiber content increased over time, resulting in decreased forage value. In addition, tall stem had greater shearing force than short stem. Moreover, shearing force is positively correlated with stem diameter, linear density and fiber fraction, but negatively correlated with CP content and IVDMD. Conclusion: Overall, shearing force is an indicator more direct, easier and faster to measure than chemical composition and digestibility for evaluation of forage nutritive value related to animal performance. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the nutritive value of stylo.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.104-109
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, Two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed in Spring. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape in spring. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less in IVDMD and DDMW than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMW among the varieties of forage rape in Spring, in this experiment.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.372-375
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• 2003

In order to examine the possibility that oil seed rape could be used as a forage fodder crop and to select the most suitable variety of forage rape at the southern area of Korea, two varieties of oil seed rape currently grown for oil production and six introduced varieties of forage rape with relatively high yield and high nutritional value were grown at the same condition and their nutritional value were observed. Generally, rape was considered as a useful forage fodder crop with high content of crude protein and low contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Differences in mean values of the above characters between two groups of rape were not statistically significant. Velox showed significantly higher content of crude protein and significantly lower contents of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin compared with other varieties of forage rape. Rape was relatively high in IVDMD compared with other forage fodder crops, and forage rape was more or less higher in IVDMD and DDMM than oil seed rape. Velox was the highest in IVDMD and DDMM among the varieties of forage rape in this experiment.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.169-173
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• 1986

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 새로 도입(導入)된 13개(個) 품종(品種)의 수수-수단그라스잡종(雜種)(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), T-E Goldmaker 수수잡종(雜種) (S.bicolor (L.) Moench), $NC^+$ 88SS 수단그라스 잡종(雜種) (S. bicolor (L.) Moench), Supermill permillet(Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) 및 teosinte(Euchlaena mexicana Schrad.)를 Pioneer 988 수수-수단그라스 잡종(雜種)을 대조 품종으로 하여 건물생산성(乾物生産性), 조단백질함량(粗蛋白質含量) in vitro 건물소화율(乾物消化率)(IVDMD) 및 그밖의 생육특성(生育特性)을 비교하여 농가(農家)에 새로운 자료(資料)를 제시하기 위하여 수행되었다. 건물수량(乾物收量)에 있어서 14품종간(品種間)의 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 teosinte 및 TE Goldmaker는 수량이 가장 낮았다. 각(各) 품종간(品種間)에 다소의 차이는 있었으나 대부분의 품종(品種)들이 엽병(葉病)(잎마른병)에 강하였으며 pearlmillet과 teosinte는 전혀 엽(葉)에 이병이 안되었고 $NC^+$ 88SS는 엽고병(葉枯病)에 매우 약하였다. 수수-수단그라스계(系) 잡종(雜種)의 평균(平均) 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)은 pearlmillet과 수수잡종(雜種) 보다는 낮았으나 수단그라스 잡종(雜種)보다는 높았다. G-83F, TE Goldmaker, Teosinte 및 HW 5111의 IVDMD는 대조 품종인 P-988보다 높았으며 고온기(高溫期) 청예용(靑刈用) 사초(飼草)의 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 함량(含量)과 IVDMD간에는 일정한 상호관계(相互關係)가 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of chemical composition and digestibility. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of grasses was not significantly affected by season or altitude. On the other hand, the some proximate components and cell wall components were significantly affected by season and altitude including the season${\times}$altitude interaction. For the legumes, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and cellulose content were significantly affected by season. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) content was significantly affected by season and altitude. The interaction of the season${\times}$altitude for IVDMD, of the year${\times}$season for some proximate components and of the year${\times}$season and the season${\times}$altitude for some cell wall components were significant. These results indicate that the forages grown at highland in dry season have a relatively high quality. The means of the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content estimated from IVDMD in grasses and in legumes were 50.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and the crude protein contents were 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between IVDMD and the contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively high in all of forage plants, suggesting that these components would provide an accurate prediction of digestibility or TDN content. A close relationship between IVNDFD and lignin content indicates that the lignin would be the most accurate predictor of cell wall digestibility.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1988

This study was carried out to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization levels (0, 100 and 200kg/ha) and formaldehyde (0.4,0.8 and 1.2%: w/w CM) on the chemical composition, dry matter (DM) yield and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of forage rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera) silage. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Forage rape was a catch crop which was highly digestible and low concentration in NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 2. The concentration of the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and buffering capacity (PK) was 17.9% and 6.77g/100g, respectively, provided the WSC to PK ratio was 2.65. 3. DM content of silage decreased as the rate of N fertilization increased, but concentration of ammonia-N decreased. IVDMD was not affected by the rate of N fertilization. 4. By the addition of formaldehyde, the pH and IVDMD were increased, but the DM, lactic acid, total organic acid and ammonia-N content of rape silage were decreased, that was effective as a silage additive for forage rape.