• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 1975

The study Was carried out to determine the residue concentrations of peniccillin in Merket milk samples collected from some of the retail shops located in Seoul City. During the period from June to September 1974, 160 milk samples were collected and examined, using the Filter Paper Disk Method, for Screening test and Quantitative test of penicillin residue. The results obtained in the study were as follows: 1. Among the 160 Market Milk samples. 28 samples (17.5%) proved to contain some antibiotics residue. 2. In the case of the antibiotics residue positive milk samples, the rate of penicillin residue alone was 46.4% and the rate of the other antibiotics was 53.6%. 3. In the distribution of milk plants examined in relation-to the antibiotics residue positive milk samples, it was shown that S.K.H. and M.Market Milk plants had 15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 17.5 percent respectively. 4. According to the monthly distribution, the highest antibiotics residue positive rate (25.0% of the samples) was shown in the samples collected in August, and the next (20.0% of the samples) in July. While the samples collected in June and September 1974 Showed lower rates of 7.5% and 17.5% respectively. 5. The range of the residue concentraction of penicillin in the positive milk samples were as follows: a. 53.8% of the total samples were found in the lowest range of 0.02-0.05 IU/ml. b. 30.8% of the total samples were found in the lower range of 0.05-0.1 IU/ml. c. 7.7% of the total samlpes were found in the higher range of 0.1-0.2 IU/ml. d. 7.7% of the total samples were found in the highest range of over 0.2 IU/ml.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2013

The increase in the meat quality and milk production of cows, which breed Korean Native Cow (KNC) and Holstein cow, is not improving reproductive efficiency. In this study, we examined the effect of interferon (IFN) supplementation on motility of frozen-thawed semen and pregnancy rate after artificial insemination of KNC and Holstein cow. In experiment 1, we investigated the effect of IFN-tau concentration (10,000 IU and 20,000 IU) on the percentage of total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. In experiment 2, KNC were infused 20,000 IU IFN-tau at insemination or after insemination. In experiment 3, KNC or Holstein cow were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen and infused 20,000 IU IFN-gamma or -tau after insemination. In experiment 1, the average of TM (23.9% to 30.9%) and PM (18.5% to 21.9%) were similar between control and treatments. In experiment 2, the pregnancy rates of IFN infusing times were not different from 45.8% to 53.6%. In experiment 3, the pregnancy rates of Holstein cow infused different kinds of IFN were similar (control, IFN-gamma, IFN-tau; 42.9%, 40.5%, 48.0%). In the case of KNC, however, the pregnancy rate of control was 55.6%, which was significantly lower than that of IFN-gamma (68.9%; p<0.05). Thus, IFN is effective on the improvement of reproductive efficiency, but further study is needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2010

목 적: 라미부딘에 내성을 보인 소아 청소년 만성 B형 간염에서 엔테카비어 단독요법의 바이러스 억제효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법: 라미부딘에 내성을 보이는 소아 청소년 만성 B형 간염 환자 23명 중 6명(남 4, 나이 15.1~24.6세, 평균 17.5세)에게 엔테카비어 1 mg으로 치료하였으며 (평균 13.4개월, 1~21.1개월) 아데포비어로 치료한 11명과 비교하였다. 치료 시작 후 HBV DNA 역가가 1 $log_{10}$ 이하, 2 $log_{10}$ 이하, 357 IU/mL 이하로 감소하는데 걸리는 기간을 각각 구하여 서로 비교하였다. 결 과: HBV DNA 역가가 2 $log_{10}$ IU/mL 이상 감소하는데 걸린 기간은 각각 2.4${\pm}$2.3개월, 9.2${\pm}$7.3개월로 (p=0.025) 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. HBV DNA 역가가 1 $log_{10}$ IU/mL 이상 감소하는데 걸린 기간 및 357 IU/mL 이하로 감소하는데 걸린 기간은 두 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 라미부딘 내성 소아 청소년 만성 B형 간염에서 엔테카비어 단독요법은 아데포비어 단독요법과 비교해 볼 때 HBV DNA 역가가 2 $log_{10}$ IU/mL 이상 감소하는데 걸린 기간이 유의하게 짧았다. 특별한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 엔테카비어의 치료 효과를 알기 위하여 더 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 장기 치료가 필요하다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1997

Group of 40 male and 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily intravenous injections of different dosage of Erythropoietin (EPO), 80 IU/ kg/day (low dosage group), 400 IU/ kg/day (middle dosage group), or 2000 IU /kg/day (high dosage group)for 4 weeks by tail vein according to Established Regulation of Korean National Institute of Safety Research (1994. 4. 14). Appearance, behavior, mortality, and food consumption of rats of treated groups were not affected during the experimental periods. No significant EPO (erythropoietin)-related changes were found in urinalysts, eye examination, hematology, serum chemistry, and organ weight. No histopathological lesions were observed in both control and treatment groups. Our results strongly suggest that no toxic changes were found in rat treated intravenously with EPO (erythropoietin)for 4 weeks.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.231-235
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• 1998

A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for serum TSH has been developed utilizing the tight binding between biotin and avidin, and three layered protein polystyrene beads as solid phase. To increase binding capacity of TSH and sensitivity of the assay, the polystyrene beads were coated sequentially with mouse immunoglobulin as first layer, rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin as second layer and monoclonal anti-TSH as third layer. A serum sample was incubated simultaneously with a monoclonal anti-TSH immobilized polystyrene beads and a second monoclonal anti-TSH covalently attached to biotin. After washing, the antibody bound serum TSH-anti-TSH-biotin complex is reacted with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled avidin. Following second wash, the bound HRP activity was measured calorimetrically. Reproducible results were obtained within 4 hours for serum TSH in the range between $0{\mu}\textrm{IU}$ml and ${50}{\mu}\textrm{IU}$ml with detection limit of $0.1{\mu}\textrm{IU}$ per test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.742-752
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) supplementation during late-stage pregnancy on longissimus dorsi muscle tissue development, birth traits, and growth performance of postnatal Korean native calves. Methods: In the preliminary experiment, twenty-six pregnant cattle (initial body weight [BW] = 319 kg (standard deviation [SD] = 30.1; 1st parity) were randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The treatment group received VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/d from gestational day 225 until delivery. In the main experiment, twelve pregnant cattle (initial BW = 317 kg [SD = 31.3]; 1st parity) were treated with VA supplementation at 24,000 IU/d (gestational days 150 to 225) and at 78,000 IU/d (gestational day 225 until delivery). Serum VA levels were analyzed in pregnant cattle, and the growth performance, gene expression, and serum VA levels were analyzed in the offspring. Results: Serum VA levels in pregnant cattle decreased the late gestation in both experiments (p<0.001). In the main experiment, pregnant cattle at parturition and offspring at birth in the treatment group had higher serum VA levels than those in the control group (p<0.05). In the treatment groups, an increased birth weight was observed in the main experimental group (p = 0.022), and a tendency (p = 0.088) toward an increased birth weight was observed in the preliminary experimental group. However, no differences were observed in the feed intake, average daily gain, gain-to-feed ratio, or BW of 31-day-old calves. Gene expression was analyzed in longissimus dorsi muscles of 31-day-old calves. VA supplementation in pregnant cattle stimulated postnatal muscle development in offspring by elevating myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), MYF6, and myoblast determination levels (p<0.05). Moreover, preadipocyte-related marker genes such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 and krüppel-like factor 2 were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: VA supplementation (78,000 IU/d) in late-stage pregnant cattle maintained serum VA levels. In addition, 78,000 IU/d VA supplementation increased the birth weight and expression of genes related to muscle and preadipocyte development in offspring. Overall, 78,000 IU/d VA supplementation in pregnant cattle is beneficial to newborn calves.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2012

This study investigated the shelf life of emulsion-type sausages containing garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 10, 20, and 30 d. Six groups of emulsion-type sausages were included: control (no additives), GP1 (1% garlic powder), GP3 (3% garlic powder), AT100 (100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage), AT200 (200 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage), and GP1+AT100 (1% garlic powder+100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage). During storage, the pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and residual nitrite content were reduced by the addition of garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol relative to the control (p<0.05). In addition, emulsion-type sausages supplemented with garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol improved color stability (p<0.05). The results suggest that a higher amount of garlic powder and their different combinations could improve the shelf life of emulsion-type sausages and protect against lipid oxidation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제6권
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• pp.181-186
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• 1988

재래산양(在來山羊)에 있어서 prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$의 투여(投與)가 황체퇴행(黃體退行)시에 야기되는 호르몬 함량의 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 발정주기의 10일에 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$(Lutalyse) 5mg을 3시간 간격으로 2회 주사(注射)한 다음 경시적(經時的)으로 혈중(血中) 난소(卵巢) 및 뇌하수체(腦下垂體) hormone의 함량을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 있어서 발정주기(發情週期)의 10일에 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$를 주사한 결과 혈중(血中) progesterone의 평균농도는 주사직전에 $4.15{\pm}1.8ng/ml$였으며 주사후(注射後) 3시간에 $2.52{\pm}1.2ng/ml$로 약 60% 감소(減少)하였으며 12시간에는 $0.81{\pm}0.3ng/ml$로 감소(減少)하여 72시간까지 1.02ng/ml 이하로 감소(減少)하였다. 혈중(血中) estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 함량은 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여후(投與後) 6시간부터 유의(有意)하게(p < 0.05) 증가(增加)하여 72시간까지 유지되었다. 혈중(血中) LH함량은 주사직전에 $3.0{\pm}0.3{\mu}IU/ml$였으며 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여후 3~12시간에는 증가(增加)하였으나 그후 24~72시간 사이에는 $4.1{\mu}IU/ml$에서 $2.5{\mu}IU/ml$로 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 혈중(血中) FSH 함량은 투여전 $3.5{\pm}0.5{\mu}IU/ml$였으며 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여후(投與後) 3시간부터 감소하기 시작하여 72시간까지 유의차없이 약간 감소(減少)를 나타내었다. 혈중(血中) prolactin의 함량은 유의성(有意性)은 없었으나 $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ 투여후 약간 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 이상의 결과(結果)에서 LH함량의 최초 증가는 혈장중(血漿中) progesterone의 감소로 기인된 것이며 성선척극(性腺刺戟) hormone의 분비형태(分泌形態)는 황체(黃體)의 퇴행시에 progesterone 또는 progesterone과 estradiol-$17{\beta}$의 함량비의 차이로 인하여 상위되었다고 본다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. YHB216 is a new rHu-EPO developed by Yuhan Research Institute. In this study, we investigated the single dose and 4-week repeated dose toxicity of YHB216 in Beagle dogs. In the single dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously at single dose levels of 0 and 25,000 IU/kg to dogs (2 dogs/sex/group). There were no treament-related changes in survivals, clinical signs, body weight gain, hematological values, blood chemical values, and necropsy finding during experimental period. In the repeated dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously to dogs for 4 weeks at the dose levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2,500IU／kg (3 dogs/sex／group). There were no toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis and blood chemistry. There were increased values of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all treated groups. Spleen revealed increased weight and extramedullary hematopoiesis at 500 IU/kg or more. These changes are all considered to be Pharmacology-related effects and were recovered after 4-week recovery period. From these results, it is concluded that LD50 value was above 25,000 IU/kg in the single dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 IU/kg day in the repeated dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.1017-1028
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• 2024

Lignocellulolytic enzymes play a crucial role in efficiently converting lignocellulose into valuable platform molecules in various industries. However, they are limited by their production yields, costs, and stability. Consequently, their production by producers adapted to local environments and the choice of low-cost raw materials can address these limitations. Due to the large amounts of olive stones (OS) generated in Morocco which are still undervalued, Penicillium crustosum, Fusarium nygamai, Trichoderma capillare, and Aspergillus calidoustus, are cultivated under different fermentation techniques using this by-product as a local lignocellulosic substrate. Based on a multilevel factorial design, their potential to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes during 15 days of dark incubation was evaluated. The results revealed that P. crustosum expressed a maximum total cellulase activity of 10.9 IU/ml under sequential fermentation (SF) and 3.6 IU/ml of β-glucosidase activity under submerged fermentation (SmF). F. nygamai recorded the best laccase activity of 9 IU/ml under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Unlike T. capillare, SF was the inducive culture for the former activity with 7.6 IU/ml. A. calidoustus produced, respectively, 1,009 ㎍/ml of proteins and 11.5 IU/ml of endoglucanase activity as the best results achieved. Optimum cellulase production took place after the 5th day under SF, while ligninases occurred between the 9th and the 11th days under SSF. This study reports for the first time the lignocellulolytic activities of F. nygamai and A. calidoustus. Furthermore, it underlines the potential of the four fungi as biomass decomposers for environmentally-friendly applications, emphasizing the efficiency of OS as an inducing substrate for enzyme production.