• Title/Summary/Keyword: ITO-free

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A Study on the Amino Acid Contents of Edible Mushrooms (식용(食用)버섯류(類)의 아미노산(酸)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Pyo, Myoung-Yun;Ro, Ihl-Hyeob
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 1975
  • Free amino acids in extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer (Technicon PNC-1 Type). All these 11 species of mushroom can be repesented for convenience sake as follows. S-1; Agaricus campestris Fr. S-2: Agaricus campestris S-3; Pholiota nameko(I. Ito) S. Ito et Imai S-4; Auricularia auricula-judae(Fr.) $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-5; Tremella fuciformis Berk. S-6; Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing. S-7; Pleurotus ostreatus Fr. $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-8; Lentinus edodes Berk Sing. S-9; Ramaria botrytis (Pers.) Ricken S-10; Coprinus comatus(Fr.) S.F, Gray S-11; Gyrophora esculenta The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1) 17 kinds of amino acid, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quantified. 2) Of all free amino acids contained in mushrooms, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Ala, Thr, Pro and Lys in that order. There were no found Cys'and His in S-9;His in S-1; Met and Arg in S-11; Cys and Met in S-5;Pro, Cys, Met, Lys and Arg in S-4. Of all total amino acids which are closely related with nutritional valuation, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Asp, Ala, Arg, Leu, Thr, Gly in that order. Especially S-1 and S-2 contain high quantity $o{\acute{i}}$ proline in both free and total amino acids. 3) Cotents of ammonia in extracts of mushrooms in decreasing order in S-1, S-10, S-8, S-2, S-7, S-6, and S-2, S-6, S-8, S-9, S-1 in hydrolysates of mushrooms. 4) Gross Contents of free amino acid in extracts is high in decreasing order in S-10, S-1, S-7, S-6, S-8, and total amino acid in hydrolysates is high in S-10, S-2, S-2, S-8, S-1, S-9, S-6. 5) Besides 17 kinds of amino acid, 5 kinds of unknown amino acid are found in extracts and hydrolysates.

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Green Photoresist Stripping Process with the Influence of Free Surface from Dip Withdrawal (Dip 추출에서 유체 표면의 영향을 고려한 친환경 포토레지스트 박리공정)

  • Kim, Joon Hyun;Kim, Seung Hyun;Jeong, Byung Hyun;Joo, Gi-Tae;Kim, Young Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.14-20
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    • 2016
  • This paper describes a green stripping process to effectively strip the remaining DFR layer on a non-alkali-based ITO glass surface after an etching process. A stripper, water-soluble amine compound, is used to investigate the characteristics of stripping ability and to suggest a valid method for the green process. Increasing the composition (5-30% concentration) of the ethanol amine-based stripper was found to greatly reduce the stripping time applied in the dipping method. The composition (30%) achieved an excellent stripping effect and free-residue impurities. Additionally, it was possible to obtain the effect of stripping in a way to sustain the release before generating DFR sludge from the ITO glass surface by using dipping condition (stripping time) in the composition. An Additional stripping process (buffering) out of dipping can realize productivity improvement and cost reduction because of the higher proportion of re-use of the stripping solution used in the DFR removal step.

Ohmic Contact for Hole Injection Probed by Dark Injection Space-Charge-Limited Current Measurements

  • Song, Ok-Keun;Koo, Young-Mo
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.10a
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    • pp.1061-1064
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    • 2009
  • Through dark injection space-charge-limited current (DI-SCLC) and trap-free SCLC measurements, it has been demonstrated that an indium tin oxide (ITO)/buckminsterfullerene ($C_{60}$) electrode can form a quasi-Ohmic contact with N, N'-bis (naphthalen-1-yl)-N, N'-bis(phenyl) benzidine (NPB). The DI-SCLC results show a clear peak current along with a shift of the peak position as the field intensity varies, implying an Ohmic (or quasi-Ohmic) contact. A theoretical simulation of the SCLC also shows that ITO/$C_{60}$ forms an Ohmic contact with NPB. The Ohmic contact makes it possible to estimate the NPB hole mobility through the use of both DI-SCLC and trap-free SCLC analysis. This also contributes to a reduction in power consumption.

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The triple layer anode for flexible top emission organic lightemitting devices

  • Chung, Sung-Mook;Hwang, Chi-Sun;Lee, Jeong-Ik;KoPark, Sang-Hee;Yang, Yong-Suk;Do, Lee-Mi;Chu, Hye-Yong
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.08a
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    • pp.698-701
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    • 2007
  • A top emission organic light emitting diode comprising of a triple anode on polycarbonate $film/TNATA/NPB/Alq_3:C545T/cathodes$ has been fabricated. The triple layer structure of Cr/Al/Cr allowed for fabrication of a crack-free anode and provided better higher work function than ITO anode.The anode showed compatibility with flexible plastic substrate and no crack was formed during bending test while ITO anode showed crack.

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Organic photovoltaic cells using low sheet resistance of ITO for large-area applications

  • Kim, Do-Geun;Gang, Jae-Uk;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.5.1-5.1
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    • 2009
  • Organic photovoltaic (OPV)cells have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for flexible, lightweight, and low-cost application of solar energy conversion. Since a 1% power conversion efficiency (PCE) OPV based on a single donor-acceptor heterojunction was reported by Tang, the PCE has steadily improved around 5%. It is well known that a high parallel (shunt)resistance and a low series resistance are required simultaneously to achieve ideal photovoltaic devices. The device should be free of leakage current through the device to maximize the parallel resistance. The series resistance is attributed to the ohmic loss in the whole device, which includes the bulk resistance and the contact resistance. The bulk resistance originated from the bulk resistance of the organic layer and the electrodes; the contact resistance comes from the interface between the electrodes and the active layer. Furthermore, it has been reported that the bulk resistance of the indium tin oxide (ITO) of the devices dominates the series resistance of OPVs for a large area more than $0.01\;cm^2$. Therefore, in practical application, the large area of ITO may significantly reduce the device performance. In this work, we investigated the effect of sheet resistance ($R_{sh}$) of deposited ITO on the performance of OPVs. It was found that the device performance of polythiophene-fullerene (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction OPVs was critically dependent on Rsh of the ITO electrode. With decreasing $R_{sh}$ of the ITO from 39 to $8.5\;{\Omega}/{\square}$, the fill factor (FF) of OPVs was dramatically improved from 0.407 to 0.580, resulting in improvement of PCE from $1.63{\pm}0.2$ to $2.5{\pm}0.1%$ underan AM1.5 simulated solar intensity of $100\;mW/cm^2$.

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Buffer and Anode Combined Ta Doped In2O2 Electrodes Prepared by Co-sputtering for PEDOT:PSS-free Organic Solar Cells

  • Lee, Hye-Min;Noh, Yong-Jin;Na, Seok-In;Park, Hyun-Woo;Chung, Kwun-Bum;Kima, Han-Ki
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2014.02a
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    • pp.168.1-168.1
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    • 2014
  • We developed poly (3,4-ethylene dioxylene thiophene):poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)-free organic solar cells (OSCs) using buffer and anode combined Ta doped $In_2O_3$ (ITaO) electrodes. To optimize the ITaO electrodes, we investigated the effect of $Ta_2O_5$ doping power on the electrical, optical, and structural properties of the co-sputtered ITaO films. The optimized ITaO film doped with 20 W $Ta_2O_5$ radio frequency power showed sheet resistance of 17.11 Ohm/square, a transmittance of 93.45%, and a work function of 4.9 eV, all of which are comparable to the value of conventional ITO electrodes. The conventional bulk heterojunction OSC with ITaO anode showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.348% similar to the OSCs (3.541%) with an ITO anode. In addition, OSCs fabricated on an ITaO electrode successfully operated without an acidic PEDOT:PSS buffer layer and showed a PCE of 2.634%, which was much higher than the comparable no buffer OSC with an ITO anode. Therefore, co-sputtered ITaO electrodes simultaneously acting as a buffer and an anode layer can be considered promising transparent electrodes for cost-efficient and reliable OSCs because they can eliminate the use of an acidic PEDOT:PSS buffer layer.

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Properties of Ferroelectric $PbTiO_3$ Thin Films Prepared on ITO/Glass Substrates (ITO/Glass 기판위에 제조된 강유전성 $PbTiO_3$ 박막의 특성)

  • 김승현;오영제;김창은
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.31 no.11
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    • pp.1315-1322
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    • 1994
  • In this study, stable PbTiO3 coating solution was prepared using diethanolamine(DEA) complexing agent and deposited on indium-tin oxide(ITO) coated glass substrate. Prepared thin films were dense and crack-free. Perovskite-type PbTiO3 thin films could be obtained above 50$0^{\circ}C$, while the films heat-treated above $650^{\circ}C$ showed undesired properties due to interface reactions between films and substrates and warpage phenomena of substrates. Measured maximum dielectric constant and loss tangent were found to be 144 and 0.0163 at 1 kHz, 55$0^{\circ}C$ heat-treatment, respectively.

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Influence of the DC Power on the Electrical and Optical Properties of ITO Thin Films Deposited on Nb2O5/SiO2 Buffer Layer (Nb2O5/SiO2 버퍼층위에 증착한 ITO 박막의 전기적 및 광학적 특성에 DC 파워가 미치는 영향)

  • Joung, Yang-Hee;Kang, Seong-Jun
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.297-302
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    • 2019
  • In this study, we deposited ITO thin films on buffer layer of $Nb_2O_5(8nm)/SiO_2(45nm)$ using DC magnetron sputtering method and investigated its electrical and optical properties with various DC powers(100~400 W). The surface of the ITO thin film was observed by AFM. All thin films had defected free surface such as pinholes and cracks. The thin film deposited at DC power of 200 W exhibited the smallest surface roughness of 1.431nm. As a result of electrical and optical measurements, the ITO thin film deposited at DC power of 200 W which showed the lowest resistivity of $3.03{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}-cm$. The average transmittance in the visible light region(400 to 800 nm) and the transmittance at the wavelength of 550nm were found to be 85.8% and 87.1%, respectively. The chromaticity(b*) was also a relatively good value as 2.13. The figure of merit obtained from the sheet resistance of the ITO thin film, the average transmittance in the visible light region and the transmittance at the wavelength of 550nm were the best values of $2.50{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}^{-1}$ and $2.90{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}^{-1}$ at a DC power of 200W, respectively.

Replacement of ITO for efficient organic polymer solar cells (ITO를 대체한 고효율 유기박막 태양전지)

  • Kim, Jae Ryoung;Park, Jin Uk;Lee, Bohyun;Lee, Pyo;Lee, Jong-Cheol;Moon, Sang-Jin
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.69.1-69.1
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    • 2010
  • We have fabricated organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) with highly conductive poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene : poly styrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) layer as an anode without using transparent conducting oxide (TCO), which has been modified by adding some organic solvents like sorbitol (So), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), and ethylene glycol (EG). The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS film modified with each additive was enhanced by three orders of magnitude. According to atomic force microscopy (AFM) study, conductivity enhancement might be related to better connections between the conducting PEDOT chains. TCO-free solar cells with modified PEDOT:PSS layer and the active layer composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl [6,6] C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) exhibited a comparable device performance to indium tin oxide (ITO) based organic solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organic solar cells incorporating DMSO, So + DMSO and EG modified PEDOT:PSS layer reached 3.51, 3.64 and 3.77%, respectively, under illumination of AM 1.5 (100mW/$cm^2$).

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Study on the Development of Sensitivity Lighting Design Using LED - Focused on the Concept of Relationship in Toyo Ito's Architecture - (LED를 이용한 감성조명디자인 개발 연구 - 토요 이토 건축의 관계성 개념을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Jong-seo
    • Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.332-339
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    • 2017
  • Today, our indoor space requires a user-centered considering design that satisfies even human sensitivity. The word 'sensitivity' is being frequently used in the design market recently and this means that consumers are becoming more sensitive. For this reason, the characteristics of Toyo Ito's architecture, which are innocent due to its natural structure and materials, are suggested as a sensitive lighting stand design which can relieve users' stress from daily life and bring a psychological stability. As such, sensitivity lighting can create a lighting environment that considers consumers in various spaces along with the development of new scientific technologies and develop in a new direction of aesthetical beauty and eco-friendly area. In this study, a natural and sensitive lighting stand is suggested where a variety of digital art techniques of LED are applied based on formative characteristics of relationship, one of Toyo Ito's architectural concept factors. Such sensitivity lighting designs can not only realize a type-free design but also suggest a creation of the atmosphere which is close to nature.