• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27
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• pp.18-28
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• 1984

In order to improve feed values of Korean agricultural by-products, various treatments including physical, chemical, physicochemical and fermentation were suggested in th is review article. Physical treatments such as chopping, grinding and pelleting reduce partiole size of agricultural by-products, and increase passage rate from the rumen, thus may increase voluntary feed intake and weight gain. Digestibility and voluntary feed intake of straw, rice hull and sawdust, also, may be increased by chemical treatment using sodium hydroxide or ammonia. Especially, because nitrogen content of by-products increase and toxic problem is not posed by ammonia treatment, it's practical usage is recommended in Korea. Silage or fermentation treatment using principles of microbial fermentation may improve palatability of low quality by-products. As mentioned above, it is concluded that various treatments suggested are desirable and improve feed value but may raise several problems. Unfortunately, because cost for installation and products is great and processing work is complicate, farmers are not using well these processing methods until now. Therefore, in order to increase the practical usage at farm level, it is thought that many research works be achieved for efficient process which have simple operation and low installation cost.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.291-306
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference between the consumers' willingness to purchase environmentally friendly agricultural products and the distributers. The main results are as follows; First, it appeared with the fact that the reliability of the consumer against environmentally friendly agricultural products is 50% under. So it is important to fully guarantee the certification of environmentally friendly agricultural products. Second, if the traceability and brand-name system were introduced, the consumers and dealers would more likely to purchase environmentally friendly agricultural products more than they are now. Third, it shows a significant result in certification, developing packing-materials and sale and consuming magnification intention by the t-test between consumers and dealers.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2014

The goal of this study was to contemplate the impact of visual formative elements on the satisfaction level of visitors in websites of toy-style products. To attain the goal, the visual element of motion graphics in websites of toy-style products, i. e., color, layout, illustration, and, typography, were independent variables and the satisfaction level of visitors as a dependent variable. The variables were analyzed objectively. First, it appeared that visual formative elements of motion graphics appeared in websites of toy-style products exerted statistically significant impacts on the satisfaction level of visitors. Second, the element exerting the most significant impact on the satisfaction level of visitors among the visual formative elements in websites of toy-style products were appeared as 'illustration' and 'color'. Thus, it was concluded that it is necessary to give priority in 'illustration' and 'color' to enhance the satisfaction level of visitors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.35-43
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• 2012

Purpose - The current analysis has been done in order to verify the difference between consumer attitudes on the distributor's PB products in terms of practical shopping value and attitudes about the product according to its perceived quality. Research design, data, and methodology - The target respondents of this study were those who have bought PB products at large-scale discount stores within the past six months. We asked homemakers, office workers, and students who live in Seoul or Daejon to respond to a questionnaire by filling out self-evaluations, and collected the completed questionnaires. To test the hypothesis, a t-test was carried out by group for 25 percent of the high and low rankings, including a quarter of the total respondents, to verify attitudes toward products and brands, purchase satisfaction, and re-purchase intention according to the practical shopping value and recognized quality of PB products. A variance analysis was conducted to see if there were differences among groups in terms of practical shopping value and perceived quality. Scheffe's back testing was used to identify differences between groups. Results - The result of the investigation of consumer attitudes according to practical shopping value is as follows. First, it was verified that consumer attitudes about PB products increase as practical shopping value increases. Second, there was no significant. Third, it was verified that repurchase intentions for PB products get higher as the practical shopping value of the consumer increases. The following is the result of the investigation of consumer attitudes according to the perceived quality of PB products. First, it was verified that the product attitude improves as the perceived quality of PB products increases. Second, the research confirmed that the brand attitude improves as the perceived quality of PB products increases. Third, consumer satisfaction is higher when the perceived quality of PB products is high. Fourth, this study verified that repurchase intentions for PB products are higher as the perceived quality of the product increases. Finally, the results of identifying differences between groups for perceived quality and shopping value are as follows. It was identified that there were differences in shopping value according to the characteristics of the groups. However, perceived quality does not change according to the characteristics of groups. Conclusions - These results have practical implications for the marketing strategy of PB products in order to satisfy consumer demands and provide a differentiated service by the distributor. In addition, it is suggested that a communication strategy may be necessary to increase brand loyalty and ensure the continual growth and value creation of PB products as symbolic products for distributors.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.105-116
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• 2006

In product manufacturing industries, a recent issue is the green concept. The green concept is a complicated area. If the green concept is for products, its serious issues have to be criticized. Although the importance of the green concept has overflowed, its influences have not been disputed vigorously. So this study is to critic the serious issues of the green concept in aesthetics in product design, manufacturing, and products' prices. The green environment has four representative elements: systems, policies, minds, and technologies, but they are not in the field of design. An element of the green concept, green design is also a sub concept for design, so it should be based on aesthetics. It is green aesthetics. But since green design first appeared, it has never approached by aesthetics because it has mostly had social meanings and expectations. So for green aesthetics, to think about what makes a product, and what can be aesthetic issues among them are important. Products consist of form, structure, material, and technology. Form means different shapes in a structure, but there cannot be any specific directions for a green concept. Structure has two kinds: interior and exterior structure. While interior structure has a technological character, exterior structure is deeply related with aesthetics, but it has also no chance for green concept. Material can be divided as two also: aesthetic and technological. Aesthetics materials mean the colors, opacity, and tactile sense of materials, but they are not aesthetic issues. Technological materials are recycled materials or non-recycled materials. Even if recycled materials are used today, they are close to systems or policies rather than aesthetics. With this result, green aesthetics is a very difficult concept. Second, green products are usually 30% more expensive than general products. But every consumer has his or her own economical conditions, and nobody can coerce consumers into buying expensive green products for green environments. And green products without good quality cannot satisfy consumers. This means that green concept is not accomplished by just manufacturing green products. Third, although a lot of proposals have appeared as green design in exhibitions, most of them are close to craft because they are so hard to be manufactured. Manufacturing is the first consideration for products. These three issues are enough to explain why green concept is complicated in manufacturing products. If they are not solved, the green concept is just a fiction. So if this study proposes a turning point against blind green-oriented atmosphere, it will be meaningful enough.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

Purpose - PB products at convenience stores take up about 20% of all products, and strategies for differentiation from other companies and brand image building are very important. This study would investigate the strategy for differentiating PB products and successful brand building strategy, focusing on BGF Retail that is operating 'CU', the leader in the convenience store industry in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - This study would attempt to make an exploratory approach to PB products limited to those in convenience stores. As a research subject, this study chose BGF Retail, the operator of CU, which is the leader in the convenience store industry in Korea and chose the case study method in order to examine the strategy for differentiating PB products in convenience stores more in depth. For this purpose, this study collected materials such as papers, newspaper articles and various reports on convenience store-related PB products and conducted an in-depth study including more practical contents through an interview with CU workers. Results - CU pursued the diversity of PB products and has had the diversity of products, more than 120 kinds. It founded a product research institute and has been in charge of the differentiation strategy from planning products to launching them. Changing the target layer of consumers to those in middle age of the 40s-50s, it succeeded in the strategy expanding the consumer class. In the long run, despite it changed the name of the company, it has built a successful image, and both revenue and operating profit have continuously grown up. Conclusions - In results, CU has reset the changing main target population, and the product research institute succeeded in the innovation of products, reflecting new trends the customers want. Through this study, the practical implications could be provided for competitors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.23-33
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• 2021

Purpose: This study explored factors affecting the purchase of fair trade hand-made products. We focused on the difference between the mediating effect of purchase intention and purchase purpose, and verified the additional effectiveness of premium prices. Research design, data and methodology: The data was collected through an online survey. The reliability and validity of each variable used in the questionnaire were verified. Then, each hypothesis was analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Results: First, individual social responsibility and purchasing experience of general fair trade products have a definitive effect on the intention of purchasing fair trade hand-made products. Second, the willingness to pay premium prices varies depending on whether it is an individual's consumption or consumption for others. Third, the higher the individual's social responsibility and experience in purchasing fair trade products, the more willing he is to pay premium prices. Fourth, the purchase intention of fair trade hand-made products is to have the effect of partial mediation. Fifth, when choosing a gift for an adult, it was determined that the consumer was willing to pay premium prices the highest amount. Conclusions: In terms of factors affecting the purchase of fair trade hand-made products at premium prices, it was confirmed that individuals' social responsibilities and purchases of fair trade general products had an impact.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the dissolution rates and the bioavailabilities of commercial phenytoin products, and also the correlation between their biovailabilities in rabbits and those in humans. Dissolution test was conducted in pH 9. 0 alkaline borate buffer (0.2M) using basket method with seven phenytoin products commercially available. According to the dissolution rate, the phenytoin products were divided into three groups, such as rapid, intermediate and slow group. Three phenytoin products from each group were selected for the bioavailability test in rabbits and humans. The bioavailability test was carried out in rabbits and normal volunteers using cross over design. Single doses of 20mg/kg and 300mg/man were orally administered to rabbits and normal volunteers respectively. Average $C_{max}$, $t_{max}$ and AUC of three phenytoin products were determined from the serum concentration-time curve in rabbit and human experiments. The relative bioavailability evaluation was conducted using AUC of three phenytoin products. The correlations between the dissolution rate constants and bioavailabilities (AUC) of three phenytoin products in rabbits as well as those in humans were not found. Whereas, there was significant correlation between average AUC of three phenytoin products in humans and those in rabbits (r=0.993, p<0.1). From the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the bioavailability of phenytoin products in humans may be predicted from the results of the rabbit experiment. Also it is assumed that the prediction of the bioavailability of phenytoin products in humans may be difficult from the only results of in vitro dissolution test.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.25-50
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to overview what changes happened on the maritime field during the early Meiji period, how the compilation of 'Japan Fisheries' linked to the changes, and when the 'Japan Fisheries' was launched, completed and published. The trilogy of Japan Fishing Method, Japan Fishery Products, and Japan's Useful Marine Products are called "Japan's Fishery." These were completed in 1895 for almost ten years since the compilation project was launched in 1886 at the Agricultural and Commercial Ministry. Japan Fishing Method selected, improved and recorded excellent fishing and fishing methods in various Japanese regions at that time whereas Japan Fisheries Products chose excellent fish products from various methods of manufacturing and recorded the enactment and sale of fishery products. Japan's Useful Marine Products is not currently passed on, so it is not known what kind of useful marine products are recorded. However, it can be assumed that the classification method of the "Japanese Fishing Classification Table" published in 1889 was based on the Japan Fishing Index. The cited texts in Japan Fisheries Products are up to 55 documents, including Engisiki and Wakansanzaizukai's "Report of the Great Japan Fishery Association," "Ariticle of the Fisheries Fair," "The Western Fishery Manufacturing Technique" and "Trade Situation with China." Completed with extensive research from old books to the latest fishery information, "Japan's Fishery" is Japan's best "Marine Products Encyclopedia" at the time. It is also a valuable literature that can trace fishing and fishing techniques and methods of manufacturing marine products in each Japanese fishing village before the end of the nineteenth century.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.123-140
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• 2022

In the ever-increasing online secondhand product market, the perceived risk of online used products purchase was identified as a factor influencing consumer purchase intention. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relationship between the perceived risk of online secondhand purchase and purchase intention was presented with somewhat different results for each sub-risk factor. First of all, a significant negative causal relationship between physical risk, time loss risk, psychological risk, social risk and online used product purchase intention was verified. On the other hand, financial risk and functional risk did not show a statistically significant relationship with online used products purchase intention. Second, as a result of research on the moderating effect of purchasing experience, offline purchasing experience of used products and online purchasing experience were verified differently. First of all, the moderating effect of the online purchase experience of used products was significant only in the relationship between psychological and social risks on the intention to purchase used products online. The experience of purchasing used products online is believed to reduce uncertainty about the surrounding response to purchasing used products online and weaken the intention to purchase used products online by reducing tension and concerns about purchasing them. Other risks, such as financial risk, performance risk, physical risk, time loss risk, and online purchase experience of used products, were verified to have no significant effect on online used products purchase intention. In addition, the offline purchase experience of used products did not verify a significant moderating effect on the effect of all perceived risks on online used product purchase intention.