• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of heat therapy, stretching exercise and to verify which method was most effective for lumbar flexibility improvement. Subjects were 20 apparantly healthy person(male10, female10) who did not have any medical problem. They were randomly divided and assigned into 2 groups: heat therapy, stretching exercise. For testing flexibility, trunk flexion, bunk extension, and Schober-test were performed. Pre-test was done prior to the each group's treatment. Test was done at 2nd week, 4th week and 6th week. There were no significant difference in improvement of trunk flexion and trunk extension after 6 weeks treatment among 2 methods. However in all 2 groups, there were statically significant improvement in flexibility as time go on. The rate of improvement was highest at 2nd week, while this was attenuated afterwards. The Schober-test score changed significantly from pre-test to the mid-test and to the post-test, while there were no significant difference among 2 methods of treatment. With the results above, it was concluded that heat therapy, stretching-exercise were all effective for improving flexibility without any significant priorities.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.169-188
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• 2015

There are two types of nonlinear analysis methods for building frameworks depending on the method of modeling the plastification of members including lumped plasticity and distributed plasticity. The lumped plasticity method assumes that plasticity is concentrated at a zero-length plastic hinge section at the ends of the elements. The distributed plasticity method discretizes the structural members into many line segments, and further subdivides the cross-section of each segment into a number of finite elements. When a reinforced concrete member experiences inelastic deformations, cracks tend to spread form the joint interface resulting in a curvature distribution. The program IDARC includes a spread plasticity formulation to capture the variation of the section flexibility, and combine them to determine the element stiffness matrix. In this formulation, the flexibility distribution in the structural elements is assumed to be the linear. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of linear flexibility distribution assumed in the spread inelasticity model. For this purpose, nonlinear analysis of two reinforced concrete frames is carried out and the linear flexibility models used in the elements are compared with the real ones. It is shown that the linear flexibility distribution is incorrect assumption in cases of significant gravity load effects and can be lead to incorrect nonlinear responses in some situations.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was performed to find out back flexibility and strength by Swiss ball and sling exercise. Methods : Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups; Swiss ball(n=9), Sling(n=8) and Swiss ball and Sling(n=8). Each groups had the exercise 30 minute per week for 4 weeks. The case of Swiss ball-sling group had 15 minutes for ball exercise and 15 minute for sling exercise. Results : First, sling group among groups significantly increased in flexibility test 1. Second, ball group among groups significantly increased in flexibility test 2. Third, ball-sling group among groups significantly increased in strength test 1 and 2. Fourth, follow-up study after 2 weeks was revealed that flexibility and strength were decreased in all groups. Conclusion : The effect were not consistent with exercise methods. Accordingly, it should be selected for purpose and effect you want.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2024

In the oil and gas industry, composite materials should exhibit high flexibility and strength for offshore structures. Therefore, weak points in the composites should be improved, such as brittleness, moisture penetration, and diffusion of detrimental ions into nanometric pores. This study aimed to increase the strength, flexibility, and plugging of nanopores using single-layer graphene oxide (SGO) nanosheets. Therefore, SGO is added to unsaturated polyester resin at concentrations of 0.015 and 0.15 % with Normal Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent for the formation of Nanographene Oxide Reinforced Polymer (NGORP). The mechanical properties of the prepared samples were tested using tensile testing (ASTM-D 638). It has been shown that incorporating SGO, approximately 0.015%, into the base resin resulted in enhanced properties such as rupture resistance forces increased by 745.61 N, applied stress tolerances increased by 4.1 MPa, longitude increased to 1.58 mm, elongation increased by about 2.38%, and rupture energy increased by about 204.51 J. Despite the decrease in tensile force strength properties in the manufactured nanocomposite with 0.15% SGO, it has exclusive flexibility properties such as a high required energy level for rupture of 5,576 times and a formability of 40% more than the base sample. It would be best to use NGORP manufactured from 0.015% nanosheets with exclusive properties rather than base samples for constructing parts and equipment, such as rebars, composite sheets, and transmission pipes, on offshore platforms.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.145-148
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• 2005

Recently the construction of high-rise reinforced concrete building is progressively increased as the social demands. It is significantly important factors such as economy, the safety of structure, and the flexibility of internal space. Therefore new structural system is also required to be attained the reduction of story height, the flexibility and efficient use of space. The most suitable structural system is with the economy and flexibility, flat plate slab system in high-rise reinforced concrete building. In this research, it was focused in the improvement of shear performance in the flat plate system using high ductile fiber reinforced mortar. It was evaluated the shear performance in the critical region of slab-column connection. The flat plate system, designed by the high performance and safety, was developed as a new technique in the application of high-rise R/C building.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.68-76
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• 2017

Background: Abdominal bracing exercise (ABE) and abdominal hollowing exercise (AHE) improve the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function in various patients, yet the efficacy of ABE or AHE have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function during both ABE and AHE in healthy adults. Methods: The study included 40 healthy adults, who were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, each with 20 subjects. All subjects performed ABE (experimental group) and AHE (control group). The lumbar flexibility such as trunk flexion test (sitting and standing position) and schober test and pulmonary function such as the spirometer including forced vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) and chest circumference measurement (middle and lower chest) were measured, respectively. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function, respectively. Results: No significant effects of lumbar flexibility were observed on trunk flexion test from the sitting position (P=.478) and standing position (P=.096) in the ABE than in the AHE. However, the length of ABE was longer significantly than it of AHE (P=.024). No significant effects of lung function were observed on the FVC (P=.410) and $FEV_1$ (P=.072) in the ABE group than in the AHE group. And also, no significant effects of chest circumference measurement were observed on the inspiration (P=.468) and expiration (P=.563) in middle chest circumference and inspiration (P=.104) and expiration (P=.346) in lower chest circumference. Conclusion: This study indicated that the ABE is only more effective in lumbar flexibility by lumbar length difference than AHE in healthy adults.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.278-294
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• 1999

The PACE (People nth Arthritis Can Exercise) is an exercise program developed by the Arthritis Foundation to improve muscle strength and joint flexibility for patients with arthritis. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of PACE program on self-efficacy, pain, and joint function in the Korean immigrant elderly. The PACE program was held twice a week for 6 weeks for Korean immigrant elderly who had osteoarthritis. Twenty four subjects completed the program, who were recruited in two places : 10 elderly in a senior residential apartment, and 14 elderly in a senior center supported by Congregated Meal Program for Korean Elderly. Self-efficacy(Sherer et al., 1982), pain severity(by using Visual Analogue Scale), and number of painful joints were measured before and after the PACE program. To examine the joint flexibility and strengthening, the followings were measured : the extent of the upward arm reach in both sides(flexibility of shoulder), the ability to touch fingertips of the both hands in back pat and rub(flexibility of arm), the degree of range of motion(ROM) of both ankles in their dorsiflexion(flexibility of ankle) and plantarflexion with standing with toe(strengthening of ankle), and the degree of knee extension. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for data analysis and the significance of the differences in the variables was examined to compare the data obtained before and after the PACE program. After the PACE, followings were found : 1. Self-efficacy was significantly increased. 2. Pain severity and number of painful Joints was significantly decreased. 3. The flexibility of both shoulders and arms were significantly improved, but the flexibility of knee was not changed. 4. The flexibility and strengthening of both ankle was significantly improved. In conclusion, PACE was clearly proved to be an effective exercise program to promote self-efficacy, to reduce pain, and to enhance joint function in the elderly with osteoarthritis. It is suggested that the PACE program should be recommended as one of the useful and appropriate nursing interventions for elderly with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.265-274
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for confirming the convergence relationship between flexibility exercise on quality of life, oral condition, and oral health-related behavior. Data from the 2012 KNHNES were used, and complex sample linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to confirm the effects of flexibility exercise on quality of life and oral health. As a result, those who controlled for demographic characteristics and did not exercise flexibility had .027 times worse exercise ability among the subcategories of quality of life, and .152 times higher number of carious permanent teeth. Among the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder, pain symptoms were 1.633 times higher in those who exercised flexibility (p<.05). Therefore, it is considered that flexibility exercise has value in that it has suggested a relationship not only with general health but also with oral health.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.178-189
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze structural relationships with regard to the effect of customer integration, which is a type of integration in the supply chain, and market orientation of supply chain on the resulting change in the supply chain and management performance. The results of analysis in this study are as follows: First, customer integration and market orientation had a positive effect on reducing the flexibility and uncertainty of SCM. The decreased flexibility and uncertainty of SCM had a positive effect on non-financial performance, which also had a positive effect on financial performance. Second, customer integration and market orientation had a positive effect on financial and non-financial performance indirectly by decreasing the flexibility and uncertainty of SCM. Third, the effect of customer integration and uncertainty of SCM on the flexibility of SCM changed depending on the position in the supply chain; the effect was larger in the distribution group. The implications based on the analysis results are as follows: It is expected that the ability to deal with market changes in the overall supply chain is improved by laying the foundation for cooperation through establishing information infrastructure, including sharing information with trade partners and integrating systems, and implementing customer integration based on these achievements. It is also necessary to consider the business types and characteristics of individual companies in establishing information infrastructure.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

Background: This study examined the effects of myofascial release exercise using an inflatable compression therapy ball on spinal flexibility in adults to present basic data to improve spinal flexibility. Methods: The participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the myofascial release exercise group (MRE, n=60) and the stretching exercise group (SE, n=60). The MRE group performed myofascial release exercise for the erector spine muscles using an inflatable compression therapy ball. The SE group performed stretching exercises of the erector spine muscles. Each exercise was performed in 3 sets of 10 repetition daily for one week. Results: The within-group comparison revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements in only MRE group (p<.05). On the other hand, the between-group comparison revealed the MRE group to show statistically significant improvement in spinal flexibility (p<.05). In effect size, the MRE group was -1.82 (95% CI= -2.24~-1.39), and the SE group was -.7 (95% CI= -1.15~-.41). Conclusion: Myofascial release exercise for the erector spine muscles using an inflatable compression therapy ball was more effective in improving spinal flexibility than stretching exercises for the erector spinae muscles. However, although myofascial release exercise using inflatable compression therapy ball is more effective than stretching exercise, it is insignificant, and research is also insignificant. It is believed that more diverse studies using props will be needed in the future.