• Atmosphere
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.255-268
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• 2009

Based on the pilot reports (PIREPs) collected in South Korea from 2003 to 2008 and corresponding Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System (RDAPS) analysis data of 30 km resolution, we validate the Korean Integrated Turbulence Forecasting Algorithm (KITFA) system that predicts clear-air turbulence (CAT) above the Korean peninsula. The CATs considered in this study are the upper level (higher than 20000 ft) turbulence excluding convectively induced turbulences. In the KITFA system, there are two main processes for predicting CATs: to select CAT indices and to determine their weighting scores. With the PIREPs observed for much longer period than those used in the current operational version of the KITFA system (March 4-April 8 of 2002), three improvable processes of the current KITFA system, re-calculation of weighting scores, change of method to calculate weighting scores, and re-selection of CAT indices, are tested. The largest increase of predictability is presented when CAT indices are selected by using longer PIREP data, with the minor change using different methods in calculation of weighting scores. The predictability is the largest in wintertime, and it is likely due to that most CAT indices are related to the jet stream that is strongest in wintertime. This result suggests that selecting proper CAT indices and calculating their weighting scores based on the longer PIREPs used in this study are required to improve the current KITFA.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2008

The characteristics of the typhoon's extratropical transition (ET) over the western North Pacific area were investigated using the cyclone phase space (CPS) diagram method suggested by Hart (2003). The data used in this study were the global data assimilation prediction system (GDAPS) and NCEP data set. The number of typhoons selected were 75 cases during 2002 to 2007, and the three parameters were analyzed : the motion relative thickness asymmetry of the storm (B), the upper thermal wind shear and the lower thermal wind shear. Comparing the best-track data provided by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center /Tokyo, the time of the ET based on CPS was 2~6 hours earlier than the best-track data. And it was shown that the 400- km and 30 kt wind radius of storm for the CPS method were better agreement than the previous suggested radius 500- km.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1120-1124
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• 2005

Pseudomonas putida KCTC 1639 was newly identified as a potential producer of biodegradable medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. It exhibited a carbon assimilation pattern quite different from other known P. putida strains, but a more similar pattern with P. oleovorans, which assimilates the carbon sources mainly through ${\beta}$-oxidation rather than the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. The PHA synthesis gene cluster from P. putida KCTC1639 was composed of two gene loci; the PHA synthase gene locus and granule-associated gene locus, which were cloned and deposited in the GenBank under accession numbers AY286491 and AY750858 as a new nucleotide sequence, respectively. The molecular structure and amino acid homology of the new gene cluster were compared with those from Pseudomonas species, including other P. putida strains and P. oleovorans, and a higher than $90\%$ homology was observed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 2015

Objective : We sought to examine anatomic variations of the atlas and the clinical significance of these variations. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 1029 cervical 3-dimensional (3D) CT images. Cervical 3D CT was performed between November 2011 and August 2014. Arcuate foramina were classified as partial or complete and left and/or right. Occipitalization of the atlas was classified in accordance with criteria specified by Mudaliar et al. Posterior arch defects of the atlas were classified in accordance with criteria specified by Currarino et al. Results : One hundred and eight vertebrae (108/1029, 10.5%) showed an arcuate foramen. Bilateral arcuate foramina were present in 41 of these vertebrae and the remaining 67 arcuate foramina were unilateral (right 31, left 36). Right-side arcuate foramina were partial on 18 sides and complete on 54 sides. Left-side arcuate foramina were partial on 24 sides and complete on 53 sides. One case of atlas assimilation was found. Twelve patients (12/1029, 1.17%) had a defect of the atlantal posterior arch. Nine of these patients (9/1029, 0.87%) had a type A posterior arch defect. We also identified one type B, one type D, and one type E defect. Conclusion : Preoperative diagnosis of occipitalization of the atlas and arcuate foramina using 3D CT is of paramount importance in avoiding neurovascular injury during surgery. It is important to be aware of posterior arch defects of the atlas because they may be misdiagnosed as a fracture.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.169-190
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• 2004

This study involves the test of constructs for measuring the web site user expectation, perceived performance regarding IQ, expectation congruency, and satisfaction about influence overall satisfaction. The findings can be summarized as follows. First, Web-IQ expectation appeared to have a positive effect on Web-IQ perceived performance by expectation congruency and a positive effect on perceived performance by assimilation effect. Second, Web-IQ expectation did bot appear to have a negative effect on Web-IQ expectation congruency. Although that was rejected, it differs from established researches. Some prior Web-IQ expectations that approach to congruency after one's post Web-IQ expectation. Third, Web-IQ perceived performance appeared to have a positive effect on Web-IQ expectation congruency. Fourth, result that analyze about effect that congruency gets to Web-IQ satisfaction although Web-IQ expectation appeared to have a positive effect on overall satisfaction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.865-874
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the distribution chart and input data of the predicted 3-second gust and damage cost, by using the forecast field and analysis field of Regional Data Assimilation Prediction System (RDAPS) as initial input data of Korea risk assessment model (RAM) developed in the preceding study. In this study the cases of typhoon Rusa which caused occurred great damage to the Korean peninsula was analyzed to assess the suitability of initial input data. As a result, this study has found out that the distribution chart from the forecast field and analysis field predicted from the point where the effect due to the typhoon began had similarity in both 3-second gust and damage cost with the course of time. As a result of examining the correlation, the 3-second gust had over 0.8, and it means that the forecast field and analysis field show similar results. This study has shown that utilizing the forecast field as initial input data of Korea RAM could suit the purpose of pre-disaster prevention.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify community health nursing activities that community health practitioners perceive and their achievements in community by reviewing the community health nursing activities that community health practitioners have done for the last 30 years. Methods: This study was a qualitative study. Thirty one community health practitioners were interviewed using the focus group interview method and data were analyzed using content analysis. Data were collected from April to June in 2011. Results: Community health practitioners perceived themselves as "Community Vitalizers" and 9 categories were identified. They were 'ground to explore new nursing areas', 'assimilation to community', 'ground to establish community diagnosis', 'everyday life health management in the community', 'increased accessibility to medical services for the residents', 'enforced health practices for the residents', 'reinforced self-reliance of community', 'commitment to making a happy village' and 'mental fence of the community.' Conclusion: This study was meaningful in that it explained the unique identity of the community health practitioners and could be used as important basic materials in the process of re-establishment of the roles of Health Offices. Hereafter in-depth study on community competence reinforcement should be made to identify the roles of community health nurses.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 1997

Improvement of seed protein quality might be an essential issus in soybean and would give more profit directly to both farmers and users. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of reduced-S form(s) on seed storage protein components in soybean during seed filling stages. The reduced-S forms during seed fill were sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfide, thioaceteat, $\beta$-mercaptoethanol, thiourea, thiamine-HCI, L-cysteine, L-cystine, and L-methionine. Seed storage protein concentration did not appear to be affected by any reduced-S forms. However, glycinin and $\beta$-conglycinin concentration seemed to be changed greatly by L-methionine. This resulted in the increase in the 11S/7S ratio(3.58). Among the $\beta$-conglycinin, $\beta$-subunit was not accumulated at all. $\alpha$-subunit concentration appeared to be decreased and $\alpha'$-subunit concentration was not altered in comparison with sulfate control. Also, $\beta$-conglycine concentration, especially $\beta$-subunit concentration, tended to be decreased with L-cystine treatment, resulting in an increase in the 11S/7S ratio(1.83). The glycinin concentration tended to be increased at the expense of the decrease in the $\beta$-conglycinin concentration. Therefore, it is suggested that enhancing soybean protein quality would be achieved by improving metabolic pathways of S assimilation in soybean plants during seed filling period under sulfate-sufficient condition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

With the modern society approaching, a lot of new paradigms have been created which can be explained by the existing space notions while suspicions on the true essence and existence of space have been raised. Ontology regards as the beginning the cause for a 'Field' which will be faced for the research of the essence of a space where 'being-in-the-world' exists. This study has analyzed the existing method of space construction in the spatial thinking and works of Peter Zumthor who mentioning ontological viewpoint as the physiological background of his works so that the ontological spatial concept may be clarified. The following is the study results. First, in order to construct the structures of his own designing into a 'Field' for experiencing the existential meaning, Zumthor chose a reductive pattern with the entire additional elements removed. The materials leading the subjects to call attention to memory and experience and the methods dealing with it enables the realization of various spatial essences. Second, the ontological event-system is required for the formation of relationship among beings. He tried to create a spatial meaning by introducing external environment into the inside and using the materials reflecting regional features and phenomenological empiricism through the multisensory experience. Third, he applied assimilation/insert/adjustment/formative change as the way of constructing the relationship between site and structure.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.286-290
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• 2011

This paper introduces the optimum macro-siting of a potential site for an offshore wind farm around Jeju Island using the RDAPS sea wind model. The statistical model was developed by analyzing the sea wind data from RDAPS model, and the meso-scale digital wind map was prepared. To develop the high resolution spatial calibration model, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) models were used to construct the wind and bathymetric maps. Accuracy and consistency of wind/bathymetric spatial calibration models were obtained using analysis of variance. The optimization problem was defined to maximize the energy density satisfying the criteria of maximum water depth and maximum distance from the coastline. The candidate site was selected through Genetic Algorithm(GA). From the results, it is possible to predict roughly a candidate site location for the installation of the offshore wind jam, and to evaluate the wind resources of the proposed site.