• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-202
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• 2009

This study estimates the port waiting cost of international trade ports in Korea by an opportunity cost approach. In the next step, we present a method to assess the levels of port services by the average waiting cost of ships derived from the results of the first step. Because the port waiting cost reflects the social cost, it is difficult to use as a service indicator even though it is the decision support information for a particular port facility expansion. The percentages of waiting ships and time also are insufficient indicators to reflect only the quantitative aspects by the time. However, the average waiting cost of ships in this study can be utilized as a service indicator to reflect waiting time and the loss of economic value simultaneously. It is also very useful information for a shipper and a carrier to select a port. Based on the average waiting cost of ships in 2007, it is analyzed in order of lowest service ports sequentially such as Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, Pohang, Donghae, and Samcheonpo. It is different from the sequential order of ports by the port waiting cost such as Pohang, Incheon, Gwangyang, Pyeongtak-Dangjin, and Ulsan. The port waiting cost is to a port authority as a key indicator what the average waiting cost of ships is to a port user as a useful indicator to evaluate the levels of port services.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2002

This study estimates the social cost of the traffic congestion of the Express highway from Seoul to Pusan during the New Year holiday in 1999. Considering inelastic demand and the hyper congestion, we show the congestion cost can be estimated as externalities caused by traffics which exceed the road capacity. Due to the congestion, it is estimated that it took about 12.40 hours more from Seoul to Pusan. The congestion is also estimated to have caused fuel cost of 0.6 billion won. time cost of 43.6 billion won and environmental cost of 0.5 billion won. The total cost reached up to 44.8 billion won.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2014

It is generally recognize that the weight of energy cost for railroad alignment in the life cycle cost is higher than that for roadway. This study analyzed the relative weights of railroad road-bed construction cost and energy cost in the case of Seoul-Pusan High Speed Rail. Recently, the optimization of railroad alignment with computerized methodology has been studies. The optimization is supposed to aim the minimization of life cycle cost including the energy cost as well as the minimization of the construction cost. The operation period of the Seoul-Pusan High Speed Rail is limited to ten years, then various future operation scenario were developed for the next 20 years. The weight of energy cost is estimated 10~30% of the construction cost by scenario, and it is lower than the figure generally expected. It may be meaningful to provide the method to include the energy cost in the railroad alignment optimization.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the life cycle cost of window glass with insulation film and regular glass, to verify an economical window construction method. As an approach method, the thermal performance data of each type of glass was measured using Window 6.3 and ECO2-OD Simulation Program, applied it to the case building to calculate the air conditioning and heating maintenance costs and LCC, and compared the economic feasibility. As a result, installing an additional insulation film prevents the solar heat penetration in the summer, so it reduces the cooling cost, on the other hand, it increased heating cost in winter. From the life cycle cost perspective, the effect of cooling cost reduction does not counterbalance the increase in heating cost and the additional cost from film installation and repair; therefore, the installation of insulation film may not be a proper method.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.646-651
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• 2007

최근 정보시스템 운영서비스의 체계적 향상을 위한 ITSM 관련한 연구와 서비스 비용 산정 모형에 관련된 연구들이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 운영서비스가 정보시스템 사용자나 서비스 제공자 모두의 입장에서 장기적, 연속적으로 이루어지는 형태의 사업 서비스라는 특성에 착안하여 새로운 운영서비스 비용 모델을 제시한다. IT 서비스 요청의 효율적인 처리, 적절한 IT 운영조직 및 운영인력에 대한 시간관리 등을 통하여 나타날 수 있는 서비스 능력 향상 효과와 고정운영비용 절감효과를 통한 최적화 방안을 제시한다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.367-391
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• 2013

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the external costs of generating electricity from nuclear power plants such as additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs have gained increasing attention from the public, policy-makers and politicians. Consequently, estimates of the external costs of nuclear power are very deliberate issue that is at the center of the controversy in Korea. In this paper, we try to calculate the external costs associated with the safety of the nuclear power plants, particularly focusing on additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs. To estimate the possible accident risk action costs, we adopt the damages expectation approach that is very similar way from the external cost calculation of Japanese government after the Fukushima accident. In addition, to estimate additional safety compliance costs, we apply the levelized cost of generation method. Furthermore, we perform the sensitivity analysis to examine how much these social costs increase the electricity price rate. Estimation results of the additional security measure cost is 0.53Won/kWh ~ 0.80Won/kWh depending on the capacity factor, giving little change on the nuclear power generation cost. The estimates of possible accident risk action costs could be in the wide range depending on the different damages of the nuclear power accident, probability of the severe nuclear power accident and the capacity factor. The preliminary results show that it is 0.0025Won/kWh ~ 26.4188Won/kWh. After including those two external costs on the generation cost of a nuclear power plant, increasing rate of electricity price is 0.001%~10.0563% under the capacity factor from 70% to 90%. This paper tries to examine the external costs of nuclear power plants, so as to include it into the generation cost and the electricity price. This paper suggests one of the methodologies that we might internalize the nuclear power generations' external cost, including it into the internal generation cost.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.421-429
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• 2005

Traditionally, determination of the optimal containership size is the most important factor for competitiveness of shipping companies in the shipping market. Under this environment, many shipping companies and researchers have studied about it. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal containership size using a total shipping cost in the main trunk lines. Total shipping cost is calculated at the ground of capital costs, vessel operation costs, voyage costs, port charges and miscellaneous costs for 'Europe-Far East', 'Far East-North America' and 'Europe-Far East-North America' services. Analysis results showed that the 6,500TEU containership is an optimal size on the 'Europe-Far East' and 'Europe-Far East-North America' services. And the 8,200TEU containership is an optimal size on the 'Far East-North America' service. Moreover, if the larger containerships over 8,200TEU class start operation afterward, it would be less competitive in the analyzed 3services.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.48-54
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• 2008

This paper analyzes cost tradeoffs between memory usage and computation for window-based operators in data stream environments. It identifies generic operator network constructs, and sets up a cost model for the estimation of the expected memory reduction and the computation overheads when window memory relocations are applied to each operator network construct. This cost model helps to identify the utility of window memory relocations. It also helps to apply window memory relocation to improve a query execution plan to save memory usage. The proposed approach contributes to expand the scope of query processing and optimization in data stream environments. It also provides a basis to develop a cost estimation model for the query optimization using window memory relocations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.649-654
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• 2008

In the definition of non additive path, the sum of travel costs of links making up the path is not equal to the path cost. There are a variety of cases that non-additivity assumption does not hold in transportation fields. Nonetheless, traffic equilibrium models are generally built up on the fundamental hypothesis of additivity assumption. In this case traffic equilibrium models are only applicable within restrictive conditions of the path cost being linear functions of link cost. Area-wide road pricing is known as an example of realistic transportation situations, which violates such additivity assumption. Because travel fare is charged at the moment of driver's passing by exit gate while identified at entry gate, it may not be added linearly proportional to link costs. This research proposes a novel Wordrop type of traffic equilibrium model in terms of area-wide road pricing schemes. It introduces binary indicator variable for the sake of transforming non-additive path cost to additive. Since conventional shortest path and Frank-Wolfe algorithm can be applied without route enumeration and network representation is not required, it can be recognized more generalized model compared to the pre-proposed approaches. Theoretical proofs and case studies are demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.907-917
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• 2000

In this paper the network costing model alternatives for reasonable interconnection charging are suggested. The current interconnection charge regimes is based on fully distributed costing method. Basically this method doesn't consider the common carrier's efficient network cost because it reflects the actual cost of network In this paper, 1 suggest the basic structure of the network costing model fur applications of incremental costing method that considers the efficient cost based on economics-prospective. And I classify network cost with capital cost and operating cost and analysis their reasonable costing methods.