• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.139-155
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• 2015

Animation is completed in accordance with the original planning of visual direction in the process of post-production. Especially, a variety of visualization skills to meet the planning idea are directed in editing and compositing processes such as rendering and shading in the production of 3D animation. Therefore, the studies how to implement these visual effects have been conducted since the emergence of the animation. The rendering method which appears in the recent animations so often is the effect of 2D animation style although it is applied by 3D technique. 3D animation can be classified as two types including photo realistic and non-photo realistic renderings. The former is to render the images realistically while the latter is to highlight the formative effect with analogue style free from the realism of the photographs. Visual effect of 2D animation is non-realistic, that is, non-photo realistic rendering. The animations produced by this method have the depth of 3D animation expression in terms of space and animating, and can direct the viewer-friendly analogue style visuals, which are widely used as a post-production effect. Hence in this study, we selected a short animation, 'Paperman,' one of Disney's animations, produced by cartoon rendering method which belongs to the class of non-photo rendering technique in 3D graphics, as our subject. We analyzed their techniques and visual effects of the scenes expressed by cartoon rendering method so as to understand whether they meet the original direction idea with the composition work. In addition, we expect further developments of post-production methods, exceeding the limit of graphic expression in alignment with the trend that has become more various in the types and genres of non-photo rendering.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2002

Bulku temple in the city of Kyungju, Korea, built in 791 and reconstructed in the 20th century, is the home of seven national treasures including two three-story stone pagodas, Dabotap (height 10.4m, width 7.4m, weight 123.2ton) and Seokgatap (height 10.8m, width 4.4m, weight 82.3 ton). An earlier archaeological investigation shows that stone pagodas have experienced severe weathering process which will threaten their stability. At the base part of Dabotap, an offset of the stone alignment is also observed. For the purpose of the structural safety diagnosis of two pagodas, we introduce the nondestructive geophysical methods. Site characteristics around the pagodas are determined by the measurement of multiple properties such as seismic velocity, resistivity, image of GPR(ground-penetrating radar). Near the pagodas, the occurrence of high resistivity (up to 2200 Ωm) is obvious whereas their outskirts have as low as 200 Ωm. For the velocity of the P wave, the site of Dabotap has the range of 500~800 m/s which is higher than counterpart of Seokgatap with the velocity of 300~500m/s, indicating the solider stability of Dabotap site. Consequently, in addition to GPR images, the foundation boundaries beneath each stone pagodas are revealed. The Dabotap site is in the form of an octagon having 6-m-long side with the depth of ~4m, whereas the Seokgatap site the 9m × 10m rectangle with the depth of 3m. These subsurface structures appear to reflect the original foundations constructed against the stone load of ~8 ton/㎡. At the subsurface beneath the northeast of each pagoda, low seismic velocity as well as low resistivity is prominent. It is interpreted to represent the weak underground condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1210-1210
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• 2001

On farm analysis of protein, moisture and oil in cereals and oil seeds is quickly being adopted by Australian farmers. The benefits of being able to measure protein and oil in grains and oil seeds are several : $\square$ Optimize crop payments $\square$ Monitor effects of fertilization $\square$ Blend on farm to meet market requirements $\square$ Off farm marketing - sell crop with load by load analysis However farmers are not NIR spectroscopists and the process of calibrating instruments has to the duty of the supplier. With the potential number of On Farm analyser being in the thousands, then the task of calibrating each instrument would be impossible, let alone the problems encountered with updating calibrations from season to season. As such, NIR technology Australia has developed a mechanism for \ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner their range of Cropscan 2000G NIR analysers so that a single calibration can be transferred from the master instrument to every slave instrument. Whole grain analysis has been developed over the last 10 years using Near Infrared Transmission through a sample of grain with a pathlength varying from 5-30mm. A continuous spectrum from 800-1100nm is the optimal wavelength coverage fro these applications and a grating based spectrophotometer has proven to provide the best means of producing this spectrum. The most important aspect of standardizing NIB instruments is to duplicate the spectral information. The task is to align spectrum from the slave instruments to the master instrument in terms of wavelength positioning and then to adjust the spectral response at each wavelength in order that the slave instruments mimic the master instrument. The Cropscan 2000G and 2000B Whole Grain Analyser use flat field spectrographs to produce a spectrum from 720-1100nm and a silicon photodiode array detector to collect the spectrum at approximately 10nm intervals. The concave holographic gratings used in the flat field spectrographs are produced by a process of photo lithography. As such each grating is an exact replica of the original. To align wavelengths in these instruments, NIR wheat sample scanned on the master and the slave instruments provides three check points in the spectrum to make a more exact alignment. Once the wavelengths are matched then many samples of wheat, approximately 10, exhibiting absorbances from 2 to 4.5 Abu, are scanned on the master and then on each slave. Using a simple linear regression technique, a slope and bias adjustment is made for each pixel of the detector. This process corrects the spectral response at each wavelength so that the slave instruments produce the same spectra as the master instrument. It is important to use as broad a range of absorbances in the samples so that a good slope and bias estimate can be calculated. These Slope and Bias (S'||'&'||'B) factors are then downloaded into the slave instruments. Calibrations developed on the master instrument can then be downloaded onto the slave instruments and perform similarly to the master instrument. The data shown in this paper illustrates the process of calculating these S'||'&'||'B factors and the transfer of calibrations for wheat, barley and sorghum between several instruments.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.174-179
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• 2009

To track moving tumor in real time, CyberKnife system imports a technique of the synchrony respiratory tracking system. The fiducial marker which are detectable in X-ray images were demand in CyberKnife Robotic radiosurgery system. It issued as reference markers to locate and track tumor location during patient alignment and treatment delivery. Fiducial marker implantation is an invasive surgical operation that carries a relatively high risk of pneumothorax. Most recently, it was developed a direct lung tumor registration method that does not require the use of fiducials. The purpose of this study is to measure the accuracy of target applying X-sight lung tracking using the Gafchromic film in dynamic moving thorax phantom. The X-sight Lung Tracking quality assurance motion phantom simulates simple respiratory motion of a lung tumor and provides Gafchromic dosimetry film-based test capability at locations inside the phantom corresponding to a typical lung tumor. The total average error for the X-sight Lung Tracking System with a moving target was $0.85{\pm}0.22$ mm. The results were considered reliable and applicable for lung tumor treatment in CyberKnife radiosurgery system. Clinically, breathing patterns of patients may vary during radiation therapy. Therefore, additional studies with a set real patient data are necessary to evaluate the target accuracy for the X-sight Lung Tracking system.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2006

An optical microphone based on a dual-core fiber collimator and a membrane type micromirror serving as an optical head and a reflective diaphragm respectively was implemented. The micromirror diaphragm is suspended by a thin silicon bar linked with a frame, thus it is subject to a displacement induced by acoustic waves. The optical head incorporating two collimators integrated in a single housing gives light to and receives it from the diaphragm, rendering the optical microphone structure simple and compact. This dual-core collimator having a slowing varying beam profile facilitates the initial alignment of the optical head with the diaphragm, especially the distance between them. For the assembled microphone, the static characteristics were investigated tofind the operation point defined as the optimum distance between the head and the diaphragm, and a frequency response with a variation of about $\pm$5 dB for the range of up to 3kHz was achieved.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.471-478
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• 2010

Thin films play an important role in many technological applications including microelectronic devices, magnetic storage media, MEMS and surface coatings. It is well known that a thin film's material properties can be very different from the corresponding bulk properties and thus there has been a strong need for the development of a reliable test method to measure the mechanical properties of a thin film. We have developed an alternative and convenient test method to overcome the limitations of previous membrane deflection experiment and uniaxial tensile test by adopting a white light interferometer having sub-nanometer out-of-plane displacement resolution. The freestanding aluminium specimens are tested to verity the effectiveness of the test method developed and get the tensile properties. The specimens are 0.5 rum wide, $1{\mu}m$ thick and fabricated through MEMS processes including sputtering. 1 to 5 specimens are fabricated on Si dies. The membrane deflection experiments are carried out by using a homemade tester consisted of a motor-driven loading tip, a load cell, and 6 DOF alignment stages. The test system is compact enough to set it up beneath a commercial white light interferometric microscope. The white light fringes are utilized to align a specimen with the tester. The Young's modulus and yield point stress of the aluminium film are 62 GPa and 247 MPa, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

Three dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSARs) on the fungicidal activity of N-phenyl-O-phenylthionocarbamate analogues against resistant and sensitive gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) (RBC & SBC) were studied quantitatively using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods. The correlation coefficient and predict- ability of optimized CoMFA model with the atom based fit alignment were better ($r^2$ & $q^2=CoMFA{\gg}CoMSIA$) than that of CoMSIA model. And statistical values of the models on the fungicidal activity against SBC were showed higher ($r^2=SBC{\gg}RBC$) than that of RBC. In CoMFA models, steric field on the activity was more influenced than electrostatic field. And in case of CoMSIA models, the influence of CoMSIA field on the activity against RBC and SBC was differ from each other but the influence of H-bond donor field was same to the two fungi. It is revealed that the selectivity factor with CoMFA model on the fungicidal activity between the two fungi was caused on the difference of steric field. Therefore, it is predicted that the large steric field with meta- and para-substituents on the N-phenyl ring will be improved to the fungicidal activity with SBC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.549-557
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• 2022

Objective : This study analyzed the risk factors in patients who developed distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) after posterior cervical fusion. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 64 patients, aged ≥18 years (51 and 13 male and female patients, respectively), who underwent single-staged multilevel (3-6 levels) posterior cervical fusion surgery due to multiple cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The surgeries were performed by a single spinal surgeon between January 2012 and December 2017. Demographic data, clinical outcomes, and radiological results were collected. We divided the patients into a DJK group and a non-DJK group according to the presence of DJK and investigated the risk factors by comparing the differences between the two groups. Results : Of the 64 patients, 13 developed DJK. No significant differences in clinical results were observed between the two groups before and immediately after the surgery. At the final follow-up, a higher visual analog score for neck pain was observed in the DJK group compared to the non-DJK group (p<0.01). The DJK group had a significantly lower T1 slope and a significantly higher C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) before surgery compared to the non-DJK group (p=0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). Immediately after surgery, the difference between the two groups decreased and no significant difference was observed. However, at the last follow-up, a significantly higher C2-7 SVA was observed in the DJK group (p<0.01). At the last follow up, there is no discrepancy in T1S-CL. In multiple logistic regression analysis, preoperative higher C2-7 SVA and preoperative lower T1 slope were identified as independent risk factors (p=0.03 and p<0.01, respectively). As a result, it was confirmed that DJK occurred along the process of returning to preoperative values. Conclusion : DJK can be considered to be caused by cervical misalignment due to excessive change in the surgical site in patients with low T1 slope and high C2-7 SVA before surgery. This also affects the clinical outcome after surgery. It is recommended to refrain from excessive segmental lordosis changes during multilevel cervical post fusion surgery, especially in patients with a small preoperative T1 slope and a large SVA value.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.55.1-55.12
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• 2022

Background: ASF was first reported in Kenya in 1910 in 1921. In China, ASF spread to 31 provinces including Henan and Jiangsu within six months after it was first reported on August 3, 2018. The epidemic almost affected the whole China, causing direct economic losses of tens of billions of yuan. Cause great loss to our pig industry. As ELISA is cheap and easy to operate, OIE regards it as the preferred serological method for ASF detection. P54 protein has good antigenicity and is an ideal antigen for detection. Objective: To identify a conservative site in the African swine fever virus (ASFV) p54 protein and perform a Cloth-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ASFV antibody in order to reduce risks posed by using the live virus in diagnostic assays. Method: We used bioinformatics methods to predict the antigen epitope of the ASFV p54 protein in combination with the antigenic index and artificially synthesized the predicted antigen epitope peptides. Using ASFV-positive serum and specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), we performed indirect ELISA and blocking ELISA to verify the immunological properties of the predicted epitope polypeptide. Results: The results of our prediction revealed that the possible antigen epitope regions were A23-29, A36-45, A72-94, A114-120, A124-130, and A137-150. The indirect ELISA showed that the peptides A23-29, A36-45, A72-94, A114-120, and A137-150 have good antigenicity. Moreover, the A36-45 polypeptide can react specifically with the mAb secreted by hybridoma cells, and its binding site contains a minimum number of essential amino acids in the sequence 37DIQFINPY44. Conclusions: Our study confirmed a conservative antigenic site in the ASFV p54 protein and its amino acid sequence. A competitive ELISA method for detecting ASFV antibodies was established based on recombinant p54 and matching mAb. Moreover, testing the protein sequence alignment verified that the method can theoretically detect antibodies produced by pigs affected by nearly all ASFVs worldwide.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.27-57
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• 2021

How does authenticity influence the process that conducts a company's CSR Strategy? Authenticity, an internal/external alignment condition that an employee feels in relation to an organization, means the decision on how true and beneficial to employees through their experiences, such as thoughts and emotions. Also, it can be understood as a process of meaning formation between the organization's strategy to conduct CSR and the perception of employees conducting CSR. To prove the relation between authenticity and CSR clearly, we used various techniques like Text Mining, Topic Modeling and Semantic network analysis about O corporation's 657 review data, from 2015 to 2021. As a result of the analysis, we find out the special issues and types. The analysis shows that the issue concerning the 'external image' is the biggest characteristic of authenticity perception in other conditions. Furthermore, the types of authenticity perception evaluations are largely divided into acceptance and rejection, in detail, five categories. This study indicates that organizations should consider both external and internal conditions when establishing CSR strategies. In addition, it is necessary to be an interactive circular relationship between the organization and employee, collecting and reflecting employee's perceptions. Finally, this study proposes ways to overcome problems related to interaction.