• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify clinical outcome and characteristics of trauma patients via emergency medical services (EMS). Methods: Medical records of the trauma patients visiting the emergency department were retrospectively collected and analyzed from January 2015 to June 2016 in the single institution. Of 529 registered patients, 371 patients were transported by - were enrolled. The parameters including age, gender, injury mechanism, Glasgow coma scale on arrival, presence of shock (systemic blood pressure <90 mmHg) on arrival, time to arrival from accident to emergency room (ER), need for emergency procedures such as operation or angioembolization, need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, injury severity score (ISS), the trauma and injury severity score, revised trauma score (RTS), length of stay, and mortality rate were collected. The SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was used for the data analysis. Results: Arrival time from the field to the ER was significantly shorter in EMS group. However, overall outcomes including mortalities, length of stay in the ICU and hospital were same between both groups. Age, ISS, RTS, and injury mechanisms were significantly different in both groups. ISS, RTS, and age showed significant influence on mortality statistically (p<0.05). Conclusions: The time to arrival of EMS was fast but had no effect on length of hospital stay, mortality rate. Further research that incorporates pre-hospital factors influence clinical outcomes should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of such a system in trauma care of Korea.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.703-710
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• 2014

An Image-Based Target Tracker maintains LOS(Line Of Sight) to a target by controlling azimuth and elevation gimbals of an ISS(Inertially Stabilized System). Its controller produces the gimbals commands of the ISS using tracking errors provided by an image tracker. The control performance of the target tracker with PI controller generally used for tracking controller is limited because of bandwidth limitation by time delay yielded by image capture and processing of the image tracker. In this paper, tracking controller using target states estimator is proposed which can enhance the tracking performance under the highly dynamic maneuvering conditions of the ISS and the target. Simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the tracking performance than that with only PI controller.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

Due to a significant leap in the science and technology, the manned space exploration that has started with suborbital flights is now being expanded into the deep space. The space superpowers such as the U.S. and Russia have been making an effort to further develop the manned space technology. Among such technologies, the fire safety technology in microgravity has recolonized as one of the most critical factors that must be considered for the manned space mission design since the realistic fire broke out onboard the Mir station in 1997. In the present study, the flame characteristics such as flame ignition, shape, spread, and extinction that are critical to understand the fire behavior under microgravity conditions are described and discussed. The absence of buoyancy in microgravity dominates the mass transport driven by diffusiophoretic and thermophorectic fluxes (that are negligible in normal gravity) and influences the overall flame characteristics-flame ignition, shape, spread, and extinction. In addition, the cabin environments of the pressurized module (PM) including the oxygen concentration, ambient pressure, and ventilation flow(which are always coupled with microgravity condition during the ISS operation) are found to be the most important aspects in characterizing the fire behavior in microgravity.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.819-827
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 한국우주인이 국제우주정거장에서 수행한 한국우주식품 10품목에 관한 관능평가결과를 분석하였다. 개인의 기호도 차이 때문에 관능평가 점수가 낮은 품목도 있었지만 대부분 높은 점수를 받았다. 해외우주인도 한국우주식품에 관하여 높은 평가를 하고 있어 향후 한국우주식품의 국제화 가능성도 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 유인우주탐사를 대비하여 한국우주식품의 품목 다양화와 우주에서 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 기능성을 갖춘 한국우주식품용 포장지 개발이 필요하다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2004

CC(=ISO/IEC 15408)는 정보보호시스템의 국제표준이며 CC평가 및 인증체계에서는 평가기관 운영하며 평가기관에서는 적정한 평가비 산정을 위한 근거가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 특정한 평가기관의 환경이 아니라, CC기준과 기존의 PP 및 ST만을 바탕으로 하여, 제품유형별 및 보증수준별 평가업무량 모델을 제시하였으며, 평가실무자득의 경험, 보안기능의 사용율 개념 및 기능점수방법 등을 이용하였다. 본 결과는 CC평가환경에서 정보보호제품의 평가비 및 기간의 산정을 위한 기본자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 우주기술과 응용
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.85-103
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• 2021

인간이 지구를 벗어난 우주 공간, 태양계 내의 천체(예, 달, 화성 등) 등에서 안전하게 생활하기 위해서는 반드시 환경제어 및 생명유지시스템 기술이 필요하다. 생명유지시스템은 일반적으로 공기관리시스템, 물정화시스템, 폐기물관리시스템 등으로 구성되며, 우주공간의 밀폐된 주거지에서 인간의 호흡 활동과 일상생활이 가능하도록 해준다. 본 논문에서는 우선 미국 항공우주국(NASA) 주도로 개발되어 온 생명유지시스템의 개발 동향을 소개하였다. 그리고, 현재 국제우주정거장(ISS)에서 운용 중인 생명유지시스템의 현황에 대하여 살펴보고, 국내 개발 동향도 조망해 보았다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2023

In today's worldwide environment, information systems (IS) usage is growing swiftly. As a result, it now affects every aspect of life and serves as a general growth tool for individuals, groups, and governments. information system success (ISS) is affected by customer satisfaction and their acceptance of using these services. In addition, this issue will be a critical thing for SMEs, especially in Saudi Arabia. SMEs have a shortage and lack IT experience and resources. The research's question is What are the ISS that will improve customer satisfaction and SME performance in Saudi Arabia. Through an online survey, The data on how Saudi SMEs succeed in IS was acquired. Citizens and residents users in Saudi Arabia, representing a range of ages and educational backgrounds. In the IS success factors evaluation, which assessed the degree of agreeability and disagreeability of specific statements related to the six dimensions based on the empirical data, it was found that the users agreed with the majority of the claims. For users, usability is the most important feature. This study discovered that enhancing the system's overall user experience might lead to higher overall satisfaction.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2006

Purpose: The number of patients transported by the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS) has increased recently. In our review of the Korean HEMS, there was no established helicopter utilization criteria or triage tool on the scene, so many patients with minor injuries were transported to tertiary care centers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the percentage of patients with minor injuries and to propose a more appropriate triage tool for predicting the need for transport to a tertiary care center. Methods: The subjects of this study were 59 trauma patients transported to Asan Medical Center (AMC) from the scene by Seoul HEMS from January 2004 to December 2005. The Triage score (TS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and modified Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (mCTAS) were calculated as severity scales. Patients with minor injuries were defined as those with TS=9, ISS${\leq}15$, and mCTAS${\geq}3$. We evaluated the association of TS, ISS, and mCTAS with the appropriateness of transport. Results: Many of the patients transported to tertiary medical centers were classified as having a minor injury: TS=9 group 35 cases (72.9%), ISS${\leq}15$ group 30 cases (62.5%) and mCTAS${\geq}3$ group 27 cases (56.2%). However, 56.2% (27/59) of the patients were appropriately transported according to need for admission or an operation. The more severely injured patients classified by TS, ISS, and mCTAS were more appropriately transported to a tertiary center (p<0.05). Conclusion: Many patients with minor injuries were transported to a tertiary center from the scene directly. The TS can be easily calculated by an emergency medical technician at the scene. Thus, we propose the TS as a useful triage tool for determining the necessity of transport to a tertiary center by helicopter.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-97
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• 2011

Purpose: We analyzed the medical costs for severely traumatized patients according to the severity and medical performance so that we could improve the financial balance of the trauma center. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on patients visiting SNUH Trauma Center from May 2011 to August 2011. Among a total of 55 severely traumatized patients, 31 patients whose medical bills were available and categorized were included in this study. The injury severity score (ISS) was calculated from the abbreviated injury score (AIS), which was updated in 2008,for each patient to assess the severity of injury. Major trauma was defined as an ISS above 15. Results:The 31 patients in this study included 20 males and 11 females. The average ISS was $33.23{\pm}16.65$ points. We categorize the patients into three groups according to ISS, 16-24: group 1, 25-40: group 2, and above 41: group 3. Total incomes, admission fees, surgery fees, and imaging test fees are shown in table 1. The costs seem to be higher costs in group 2, but this result has no statistical significance. Statistical significantly data are as follows: high radiologic test fees in group 1, short hospital stay in groups 1 and 2, and short ICU stay in group 1. The average hospital stay was 17 days, and the average emergency intensive care unit (EICU) stay was 7.5 days. Although the EICU stay was only 44% of the total hospital stay, the income from the EICU covers 79.4% of the total hospital income. Conclusion: From this study, we found several items that show relatively high medical income from severely traumatized patients visiting the SNUH Trauma Center. Most of the medical fees arise in the early phase of acute medicine usually in the ICU. Efforts to identify the items with high income and to minimize expenses will improve the financial structure of the Trauma Center,which is facing a budget crisis.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2011

Purpose: A few studies have assessed the factors affecting the prognoses for major trauma patients and those improving the circumstances when dealing with the trauma system. In that light, we analyzed factors, such as pre-hospital factors, the time to admission, the length of stay in the emergency department (ED) and emergency operation, influencing the outcomes for trauma patients. Methods: The patients who visited our emergency department from April 1, 2009, to February 29, 2011, due to major trauma were enrolled in the study. The inclusion criterion was a revised trauma score (RTS) < 7 or injury severity score (ISS) ${\geq}$ 16. We used reviews of medical records, to analyze each step of emergency medical care with respect to patients' sex, age, visit time and visit date. Continuous variables were described as a median with an interquartile range, and we compared the variables between the survival and the mortality groups by using the Mann-Whitney U test. Fisher's exact test was used for nominal variables. Using the variables that showed statistical significance in univariate comparisons, we performed a logistic regression analysis, and we tested the model's adequacy by the using the Hosmer-Lemeshow method. Results: A total of 261 patients with major trauma satisfied either the RTS score criterion or the ISS score criterion. Excluding 12 patients with missing data, 249 patients were included in this study. The overall mortality rate was 16.9%. Time to ED arrival, time to admission, time of ED stay, RTS, ISS, and visit date being a holiday showed statistically significant differences between the survival and the mortality groups in the univariate analysis. RTS, ISS, length of ED stay, and visit date being a holiday showed statistical significance in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The mortality rate did not show a significant relationship with the time to ED arrival, use of 119, on time to admission. Rather, it elicited a quite significant correlation with the trauma scoring system (RTS and ISS), the time of ED stay, and the visit date being a holiday.