• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study was undertaker to determine if Juglandis Semen herbal acupuncture (JSA) exerts protective effect against alterations in membrane transport function in rabbits with mercury-induced acute renal failure. Methods : Nephrotoxicity was induced by subcutaneous administration of Hg(a single dose of 10mg/kg) and JSA was performed at both sides of Shenshu($(BL_{23})$, Sinsu) for 7 days. Results: The administration of Hg at a subcutaneous single dose of 10 mg/kg caused a reduction in GFR to 12% of the basal value and an increase in fractional $Na^+$ excretion to 8.9-fold, indicating generation of acute renal failure. When JSA were given for 7 days prior to Hg administration, such changes were significantly attenuated. The fractional excretion of glucose and phosphate was increased to approximately 102- and 35-fold, respectively, in rabbits treated with Hg alone. The increase in rabbits treated with Hg following ISA are significantly lower than that in animals treated with Hg alone. Uptakes of glucose and phosphate in purified isolated brush-border membrane and $Na^+-K^+-ATPase$ activity in microsomal fraction were inhibited in rabbits treated with Hg alone, suggesting that impairment in proximal reabsorption of glucose and phosphate is resulted from a direct damage of membrane transport carriers and disruption of the normal $Na^+$ gradient. Such changes were prevented by JSA. Conclusion These results indicate that the administration of Hg causes impairment in reabsorption of solutes in the proximal tubule via the generation of reactive oxygen species. JSA provides the protection against the Hg-induced impairment in proximal reabsorption, and its effect may be resulted from its antioxidant action.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.294-300
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to determine the effect of brown algae on the egg quality of laying hens fed a non-supplemented diet (Control) and a diet supplemented with 10% Undaria pinnatifida (A), Laminaria religiosa (B), and Hijikia fusiforme (C), respectively. Isa Brown (28 weeks old) were raised for 8 weeks. The darkness, redness, and blueness of the egg yolks increased with the addition of brown algae, expecially Undaria pinnatifida (A). The fucoxanthin contents were observed to be only 21.3-34.8 mg% level in the brown algae but they were nearly traced in the egg yolks. Among the analyzed minerals, the Ca, Fe, K contents increased to 391.2, 6.3, and 450.5 mg%, respectively, but the amount of P was reduced to 110.5 mg%. The total mineral contents were higher in the egg yolk with Hijikia fusiforme (C) (1,155.1 mg%) than with any other supplement. The brown algae diet reduced the saturated fatty acid level from 38.3 to 32.1% but increased the unsaturated fatty acid level from 61.5 to 69.6% owing to the rise of the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.149-164
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease in the gastrointestinal tract. The sources and pathologic mechanisms of IBD are still unknown. Moreover conventional therapies for IBD are not always effective, and they often have serious side effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Moxi-tar herbal acupuncture in IBD affected mice. Methods : Mice were treated with 5 % 2, 4, 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) on day 1 and day 7. To assume the preemptive effect and therapeutic effect, herbal acupuncture was practiced with Moxi-tar at BL25 (Daejangsu) on day 0, day 3, and day 6. The end of day in treatment with Moxi-tar herbal acupuncture, the mortality and the inflammatory factors of the colon were measured by the various methods. Results TNBS induced high mortality but herbal acupuncture with Moxi-tar at BL25 sup-pressed the mortality caused by TNBS. TNBS induced infiltration of immune cells in all layers of the colon and increased myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity, while the treatment with Moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at BL25 suppressed the infiltration of immune cells and the increase of MPO activity caused by TNBS to normal levels, Herbal acupuncture with Moxi-tar regulated $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity, which is an important factor for the pathogenesis of chronic colitis, and reduced the expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and ICAM-1 in the colons of TNBS treated mice. Furthermore herbal acupuncture suppressed macro- and micro- colonic damages caused by TNBS. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that herbal acupuncture with Moxi-tar at BL25 isa potential preemptive and/or therapeutic method targeting the chronic IBD.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2005

Forty-wk-old 480 ISA Brown layers were used in a 10-wk feeding trial to investigate the effects of additional various levels of limestone to a low calcium diet without any calcium additives on the performance of laying hens. There were significant differences in average egg weight (P<0.05) without any specific trend among treatments and hen-day egg production was not influenced by the dietary treatments. Daily intake and conversion per kg egg of feed excluded the calcium supplement were significantly reduced (p<0.05) as the level of additional calcium supplement increased in both types of layer diet, while those of feed included the calcium source were significantly increased (P<0.05) as the level of additional calcium supplement increased. Egg specific gravity, eggshell breaking strength and thickness were increased as the level of additional calcium supplement increased, however the significant differences were found only in egg specific gravity It would be possible to reduce the daily feed intake and feed conversion and to improve the eggshell quality by feed the low calcium diet devoid of calcium supplement from the conventional laying hen diet and by supply the additional calcium source at 3 to 4 p.m. instead of the continuous feeding of conventional high calcium diet.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.9-27
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to measure the effect of carotenoid polarity on absorption and Pigmentation in blood, muscle, and skin of laying hens. Carotenoids used in this study and Polarity were ${\beta}$-8-Apo-carotenoic acid ethyl ester(ACAEE) ＞ astaxanthin ＞ canthaxanthin ＞ ${\beta}$-carotene. The chickens used in this study were 61∼78 weeks old ISA brown laying hens. Experiment #1 was designed to measure the effect of carotenoid level on the accumulation of carotenoids in carcass of laying hens after feeding for 6 weeks. D-carotene was accumulated in skin only at a detectable level when it was fed at 300 mg/kg feed. The skin was pigmented as yellow when it was measured by colorimeter. The concentration of ${\beta}$-carotene in blood was proportional to that in the feed. Pigmentation of muscle by 9-carotene was not effective. Canthaxanthin significantly increased redness of the skin(p＜0.05). However, canthaxanthin did not pigment muscle. The level of canthaxanthin in the blood and skin increased as the concentration in feed increased. ACAEE at 200 and 300 mg/kg feed significantly increased yellowness of the skin(p＜0.05). At all levels of ACAEE used($\geq$50 mg/kg feed) the b values of colorimeter increased. With increases in the contents of ACAEE, the concentration of ACAEE in the blood and skin increased. Compared to ${\beta}$-carotene, ACAEE and canthaxanthin were absorbed 9- and 3-fold more into the blood, respectively. The concentration of ACAEE and canthaxanthin in the skin was 1/10 of those in the blood. The lower were the concentrations of carotenoids in the feed, the higher were the absorption rates(from feed to blood and from blood to skin) The results indicated that the higher was the polarity of carotenoids, the more effective were the absorption and pigmentation. In experiment #2, the effect of carotenoid levels of feed on the accumulation of carotenoids in each body part of laying hens was determined. The colorimeter values for redness and yellowness significantly increased when canthaxanthin was fed at $\geq$50 mg/kg feed(p＜0.05). Breast and thigh were not affected by feeding of canthaxanthin at the levels used. The L values of muscle but not the a and b values were significantly affected by feeding at $\geq$200 mg/kg feed for wings and breasts, respectively. The yellowness of skin and muscle significantly increased when ACAEE was fed at $\geq$ 100 and $\geq$ 200 mg/kg feed, respectively(p＜0.05).

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.5-25
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the duties and competencies of the teacher librarian required by schools as consumers to operate the curriculum, and to suggest ways to improve their professionality. To this end, the duties and competencies included in 20 job advertisements posted by IB schools to select teacher librarians were analyzed based on the IFLA School Library Guidelines. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the duties and competencies of IB schools are based on the IB curriculum guidelines and this guideline is based on the educational philosophy and learner image that IBO curriculum aims. And the job that schools want the most from the teacher librarian is teaching through library collection management and collaboration, and the main competencies for this are communication and collaboration skills, teaching-learning·curriculum·education design and operation, and digital & media literacy. The results of this analysis show that the professionalism should be based on the vision for the educated person and learner capabilities presented in the curriculum. Based on this results, in this study the ways for developing teacher librarians' professionalism were presented in the following aspects. First, including the educational responsibilities of the school library in the Arrangement and Implementation Guideline of National Level Curriculum. Second, Classifying human resources' duties through revision of the Enforcement Decree of the School Library Promotion Act. Third, reorganizing of basic courses to acquire teacher librarian qualifications and introducing a demonstration of collaborative teaching in the eduactional practice and the certification examination.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.66 no.5
• /
• pp.582-590
• /
• 2023

Objective : Trauma is a leading causes of death and disability in all ages. The aim of this study was to describe the demography and characteristics of paediatric head trauma in our institution and examine the predictors of outcome and incidence of injury related mortality. Methods : We examined our institutional Trauma Registry over a 2 year period. Results : A total of 1100 trauma patients were seen over the study period. Of the 579 patients who had head injury 99 were in the paediatric age group. Of the paediatric head trauma patients 79 had documented Glasgow coma score (GCS), 38 (48.1%), 17 (21.5%) and 24 (30.4%) had mild, moderate and severe head injury respectively. The percentage mortality of head injury in the paediatric age group was 6.06% (6/99). There is an association between mortality and GCS (p=0.008), necessity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p=0.0001), associated burns (p=0.0001) and complications such as aspiration pneumonia (p=0.0001). The significant predictors of outcome are aspiration (p=0.004), the need for ICU admission (p=0.0001) and associated burns (p=0.005) using logistic binary regression. During the study period 46 children underwent surgical intervention with extradural haematoma 16 (34.8%), depressed skull fracture 14 (30.4%) and chronic subdural haematoma five (10.9%) being the commonest indication for surgeries. Conclusion : Paediatric head injury accounted for 9.0% (99/1100) of all trauma admissions. Majority of patients had mild or moderate injuries. Burns, aspiration pneumonitis and the need for ICU admission were important predictors of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.899-907
• /
• 2023

Objective: The better understanding of laying pattern of birds is crucial for developing breed-specific proper breeding scheme and management. Methods: Daily egg production until 50 wk of age of six chicken breeds including one layer (White Leghorn, WL), three dual-purpose (Rhode Island Red, RIR; Columbian Plymouth Rock, CR; and Barred Plymouth Rock, BR), one synthetic dwarf (DY), and one indigenous (Beijing-You Chicken, BYC) were used to characterize their clutch traits and egg production. The age at first egg, egg number, average and maximum clutch length, pause length, and number of clutches and pauses were calculated accordingly. Results: The egg number and average clutch length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR were higher than those in DY and BYC (p<0.01). The numbers of clutches and pauses, and pause length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR were lower than those in DY and BYC (p<0.01). The coefficient variations of clutch length in WL, RIR, CR, and BR (57.66%, 66.49%, 64.22%, and 55.35%, respectively) were higher than DY (41.84%) and BYC (36.29%), while the coefficient variations of egg number in WL, RIR, CR, and BR (9.10%, 9.97%, 10.82%, and 9.92%) were lower than DY (15.84%) and BYC (16.85%). The clutch length was positively correlated with egg number (r = 0.51 to 0.66; p<0.01), but not correlated with age at first egg in all breeds. Conclusion: The six breeds showed significant different clutch and egg production traits. Due to the selection history, the high and median productive layer breeds had higher clutch length than those of the less productive indigenous BYC. The clutch length is a proper selection criterion for further progress in egg production. The age at first egg, which is independent of clutch traits, is especially encouraged to be improved by selection in the BYC breed.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.113-136
• /
• 2017

New product preannouncement through global supply chain management and international strategic alliances is a critical issue for firm's survive and gaining the competitive advantage in the global smart-phone market. To identify the impact of exploration alliance and exploitation alliance on the short-term's Firm Performance, respectively, This study implemented the event study and the cross sectional regression analysis, focusing on the case of Galaxy Note series. Research results identified that new technologies by exploration alliance and the existing technologies through exploitation alliance have a positive effect on the short-term's performance of vendors related. Furthermore, information for the new products showed higher the excess earning rate than information related to the existing technologies. This implies the firms that provides new technologies have a stronger innovative ability than the companies serving the existing technologies, recognizing as a positive signal in the market. Finally, this study implicates that new technologies by exploration alliance enhances innovative abilities from new product preannouncement, and is a critical variable that can determines whether to survive in the market.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.5A
• /
• pp.467-475
• /
• 2009

Existing studies have suggested Universal Curve only for supplemental damping by damper. Therefore net damping has been determined by means of arithmetic summation between intrinsic, aero-damping of cable and supplemental damping of damper. However linear combination approach by means of the arithmetic summation is not enough theoretical background. So validity of this approach should be verified in order to design adequate cable-damper system by engineers. This study establishes governing differential equation which can consider intrinsic, aero-damping and supplemental damping as well. And also analysis method is solved by combination of muller method and successive iteration method. Consequently, this study succeeds in verification for validity of linear combination approach. As a result of this study, linear combination approach is limitedly effective in case of low stiffness and optimum damping coefficient of damper, short distance from support to damper, lower vibration mode, low aero-damping, and normal windy environment. Whereas this study will be effective in case of opposite conditions, and existing studies or linear combination approach occur to further error. Meaning of this study presents exact solution for net damping of cable-damper system, and verifies linear combination approach by means of the analysis method. In the future, if monitoring of optimum damping coefficient of a damper against aero-damping is feasible on time, algorithm of this study will be available for control of cable and semi-active damper system such as magneto-rheological damper.