• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2019

This paper investigates the probability of failure of reinforced concrete beams for limit state of collapse for flexure and shear. The influence of randomness of the variables on the failure probability is also examined. The Indian standard code for plain and reinforced concrete IS456:2000 is used for the design of beams. Probabilistic models are developed for flexure and shear according to IS456:2000. The loads considered acting on the beam are live load and dead load only. Random variables associated with the limit state equation such as grade of concrete, grade of steel, live load and dead load are identified. Probability of failure is evaluated based on the limit state equation using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Importance of the random variables on the limit state equations are observed and the variables are accordingly reduced. The effect of the reduced parameters is checked on the probability of failure. The results show the role of each parameter on the design of beam. Thus, the Indian standard guidelines for plain and reinforced concrete IS456:2000 is investigated with the probabilistic and risk-based analysis and design for a simple beam. The results obtained are also compared with the literature and accordingly some suggestions are made.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.110-122
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expressional traits and internal meanings of fake design in the 2000s' fashion, based on study of art and design area. For achieving the purpose, this study performed related research works and a demonstrative analysis of fashion collection photographs. The scope of this study is from 2000 to 2009. The results are as follows. Fake design uses trompe-l'oeil which is an art technique related to the meanings of 'deceive or fool the eye'. This eye-deceiving technique has been used for a long time in the art, and particularly noticed as one of techniques of Surrealism. Art works using trompe-l'oeil express familiar and unreasonable world at the same time, and also the fusion of reality and fabrication. Fake design in design area of the 2000s makes people take daily life in unfamiliar way by unusualness and breaking the boundary between real and fake. By fake design, people can enjoy fun and a sense of freedom with amusement rather than unpleasant of being deceived. Fake design in the fashion of the 2000s uses eye-deceiving technique and also focuses on the concept of 'fake'. The expressional traits were categorized as realistic expression, surrealistic expression and fake value expression. The internal meanings were analyzed as breaking boundary between real and fake, rediscover dailiness, new attitude to traditional thinking. In conclusion, fake design in the fashion of the 2000s gives playfulness, fun, feeling of release and will be pursued continually.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.100-117
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• 2012

This research aims to study comparatively on the aesthetic characteristics of minimalism and maximalism in the 2000s fashion, based on the previous studies in art and design. For this purpose, literature survey and demonstrative analysis of fashion collection photographs were performed. The scope of this research is from 2000 to 2010. The results are as follows: First, the formativeness of minimalism fashion in the 2000s is analyzed as understatement, simplicity, non decorativeness. The internal meanings are reduction, purity, asceticism, transcendence and practicality. Second, the formativeness of maximalism fashion in the 2000s is analyzed as enlargement, fusion, decorativeness, luxury and avant-garde. The internal meanings are pluralism, open mind, sensibility, fun and materialism. Third, minimalism and maximalism fashion in the 2000s are opposite when compared to each other. While minimalism pursues the nature of human being by ascetic approach, maximalism does it by immersing in human affairs. Within the spectrum of these two opposing ends, there are different degrees of expressions. Also these two trends fuse with other styles. As these trends express and pursue the nature of human being, they are expected to exist incessantly in the future.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.43-68
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• 2000

Incoterms mean the ICC official rules for the interpretation of trade terms which facilitate the conduct of international trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree. Nevertheless, Incoterms has been revised successively to adapt them to contemporary commercial practice. In particularly, substantive changes in Incoterms 2000 have been made in two areas: (i) the customs clearance under FAS and DEQ; and (ii) the loading and unloading obligations under FCA. But it should be stressed that the scope of Incoterms is limited to the contract of sale and not apply to the contracts of carriage, insurance and financing. Moreover, merchants wishing to use Incoterms 2000 should clearly specify that their contract is governed by 'Incoterms 2000'. It is particularly important to note that Incoterms are not dealt with a great number of problems, such as transfer of property rights, breaches of contract and exemptions from liability. Therefore, the contracting parties should clearly agree to the applicable law related their contract of sale, like the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.896-903
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• 2011

In this paper, a co-design method for JPEG2000 video compression system using DSP and FPGA is presented. By profiling the complexity of JPEG2000 algorithm, it is noticed that a MQ-coder is the most complex part. Thus, we implement the MQ-coder on FPGA for the parallel processing using VHDL to reduce the complexity. In order to verify the performance of the MQ-coder, JBIG2 standard test vector and images are used. The experimental results show that the proposed MQ-coder enhances the processing time approximately 3 times compared with the previous software MQ-coder.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.7A
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• pp.1064-1073
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• 1999

In the integrated systems of wired and wireless networks, it is not fit to separate cellular networks to intelligent networks so IMT-2000 is basically developed including the intelligent networks. But it is not yet determined how functional entities of IMT-2000 map the corresponding physical entities. In this paper, we propose the integrated model by mapping various functional entities of IMT-2000 into the corresponding physical entities. Also, we proposs the call model for the mobile call setup and IN service call. Based on the proposed model, we evaluate the performance and compare with IMT-2000 in terms of the mean service delay and processing delay at each physical entities.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.625-632
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• 2002

In this paper, a wide band modified inverted-F type antenna printed on a high dielectric ceramic material is designed and fabricated. This antenna is designed to have optimum antenna characteristics analyzing the effects of design parameters such as printed antenna pattern, ceramic dielectric material dimension and dielectric constant on antenna characteristics using the commercial simulation tool HFSS. The fabricated antenna's width, length and height are 8 mm, 8 mm and 3 mm, respectively. Measurement results show that it has -10 dB bandwidth of 270 MHz which satisfies the IMT-2000 bandwidth required for handset and that its maximum radiation gain is 2 dBi.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.817-820
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• 1999

In this paper, we describes RF receiver module for IMT-2000 handset with 5MHz channel bandwidth. The fabricated RF receiver module consists of Low Noise Amplifier-, RF SAW filter, Down-converter, IF SAW filter, AGC and PLL Synthesizer. The NF and IIP3 of LNA is 0.8㏈, 3㏈m at 2.14㎓, conversion gain of downconverter is l0㏈, dynamic range of AGC is 80㏈, and phase noise of PLL is -100 ㏈m, at 100KHz. The receiver sensitivity is -110㏈m, adjacent channel selectivity is -48㏈m.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

We present a new MDA-based Mobile-IPv6 multicast routing algorithm for wirelese service operators to offer Mobile-IP over IMT-2000 service under IMT-2000 network by taking advantage of the existing infrastructure for IMT-2000 multimedia application services. The extended IMT-2000 system architectures use an PDSNs (i.e. IWFs), and the home network (i.e. Internet) backbone and intermediate network are composed of ATM entities. A key feature of the new protocol is the use of MDA(Multicast Delivery Agent) to reduce delivery path length of the multicast datagram. We show that proposed protocol is efficient in terms of various performance measures such as multicast traffic load, multicast related handoff, and average routing length when we implement it using the Mobile-IPv6. Particularly, the number of tunneling and average routing length of datagram are reduced relatively, the multicast traffic load is also decreased.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-83
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• 2018

Purpose: This research has been carried out to find out correlation between test results of ABR-2000 and other diagnostic equipments to enhance significance of accurate diagnosis and clinical usage of ABR-2000. Methods: Duration of the 31 months from December 2012 to June 2015, records of 564 outpatients at gynecology department have been selected. The 564 patients were tested, using all 3 different test equipments of ABR-2000, DSOM, and 3D Blood Pressure Pulse Analyzer (3D-MAC) without test errors or mis-recordings. Correlation between 3D Blood pressure Pulse Analyzer, DSOM and ABR-2000 were analyzed by frequency & ratio factor of statistic data records of patients groups devided by 8 different disease symptom and by comparison of the groups in the form of Regulation and Graph presented on ABR-2000 equipment. Results: 1. The indicator L in all 1, 2, and 3 quadrant in the graph means the activity and reactivity of the upper body biodynamics detection rate is low and which result is very common symptom among gynecological patients. 2. The portion of patients with hypermenorrhea, endometritis, and menstrual pain symptom among the indicator L group in the reactivity 1-3 quadrantin is significantly high. 3. When 3D Mac analyzer indicates H, diastole decreases while systole increases and tachycardia increases then the blood circulation is expected to increase. In case of indication L, diastole increases and systole decreases then, the blood circulation is expected to decrease.