• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1881-1886
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• 2010

Hydrothermal reaction of zinc(II) salts with 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt ($NaO_3SC_6H_3$-1,3-(COOH)$_2$, $NaH_2$-SIP) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) led to two new compounds, [Zn(phen)$_3$$\cdot2H_2SIP\cdot4H_2O$ (1) and [Zn(phen)$_2(H_2O)_2]\cdot2H_2SIP\cdot2H_2O$ (2). They were characterized by element analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds 1-2 represent the first example of Zn/phen/SIP system. The Zn (II) ion in 1 is six-coordinated by six nitrogen atoms from three phen molecules, and the $H_2SIP^-$ ligands engage in the formation of hydrogen bond. The Zn(II) ion in 2 is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from two phen molecules and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules. Moreover, both 1 and 2 are assembled into 3D supramolecular architectures by hydrogen bonds (O-H$\ldots$O) and $\pi-\pi$ interactions. Solvent water molecules occupying voids of the compounds serve as receptors or donors of the extensive O-H$\ldots$O hydrogen bonds.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.516-521
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• 1985

한자리 리간드로써 암민, 에틸렌디아민, 트리메틸렌디아민 등을 포함하는 ethylenediamine-triacetatocobalt (III) 착물을 합성하고, Dowex 50W-X8, 수소이온형 양이온 교환수지를 사용하여 각각 한 종류의 이성질체를 분리하였으며, 원소분석, pH적정, 적외선 분광법, 핵자기공명 및 전자흡수스펙트럼으로 가능한 기하이성질체중에서 cis-equatorial형이라고 추정하였다. 여러자리 리간드를 동시에 포함하는 meridional 형의 $[CoN_3O_3]$계에서 나타난 제 1흡수띠는 크게 분열된 양상을 보여주었고, 에틸렌디아민, 트리메틸렌디아민 등이 코발트(III) 이온에 한자리 리간드로 배위되었다는 사실도 확인하게 되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

전자소자의 다기능, 고밀도, 고성능, 그리고 소형화는 전자 패키지 기술에 초미세 피치 플립 칩, 3D 패키지, 유연 패키지, 등 새로운 기술 패러다임 전환을 가져왔으며, 이로 인해 패키지 된 칩의 열 관리는 소자의 성능을 좌우하는 중요한 요소로 대두되고 있다. Heat sink, heat spreader, TIM, 열전 냉각기, 등 많은 소자 냉각 방법들 중 본 연구에서는 냉매를 이용한 on-chip 액체 냉각 모듈을 Si 웨이퍼에 제작하고, 마이크로 채널 디자인에 따른 냉각 효과를 분석하였다. 마이크로 채널은 딥 반응성 이온 에칭을 이용하여 형성하였고, 3 종류 디자인(straight MC, serpentine MC, zigzag MC)으로 제작하여 마이크로 채널 디자인이 냉각 효율에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 가열온도 $200^{\circ}C$, 냉매 유동속도 150 ml/min의 경우에서 straight MC가 약 $44^{\circ}C$의 높은 냉각 전후의 온도 차를 보였다. 냉매의 흐름과 상 변화는 형광현미경으로 관찰하였으며, 냉각 전후의 온도 차는 적외선현미경을 이용하여 분석하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4729-4733
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• 2016

Objectives: Lung cancer is a major public health problem and one of the most costly illnesses. The study aimed to estimate the economic burden of lung cancer in Iran in 2014. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the direct and indirect costs for patients with lung cancer using a prevalence-based approach. A human capital approach was employed to estimate the indirect costs. Data were obtained from several sources such as through patient interview using structured questionnaire, medical records, the GLOBOCAN databases, the Iranian Statistical Center, the Iranian Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Results: The economic burden of lung cancer in Iran in the year 2014 was 3,225,998,555,090 IR. The main components of the cost were associated with mortality (81.9 %) and hospitalization (7.6 %). The costs of direct medical care, non-medical aspects, patient time, and mortality accounted for 10.8%, 2.7%, 4.5%, and 81.5% of the total cost, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicated that the economic burden of lung cancer is substantial both to Iran's health system and to society as a whole. Early diagnosis, strengthening cancer prevention, implementing new cancer therapy and medical technology, and effective smoking-cessation interventions could offset some of the costs associated with lung cancer in Iran.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.182.2-182.2
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• 2015

최근 학계나 산업계에서 투명 전자 소자에 대하여 활발한 연구가 진행되면서, 투명 전 도성 산화물(TCO: transparent conductive oxide)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 대표적인 TCO 물질인 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)는 가시 광 영역에서의 높은 투과 및 높은 도전성을 가져 전압을 인가하면 발열이 가능하므로 이를 투명 면상 발열체에 적용시키는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만, ITO는 발열 테스트 결과 온도가 상승함에 따라 발열이 일부분에 집중되는 현상이 있으며, 전도성을 높이기 위하여 추가공정이 필요하다. 또한, 글라스의 곡면 부분에서 ITO를 사용하면 유연성이 부족하므로 크랙이 발생한다는 단점이 있다. 따라서, 최근 Silver nanowire (AgNW), Single-walled Carbon nanotube (SWCNT), ITO를 기반으로 한 AgNW에 ITO를 증착 하거나 SWCNT를 코팅하여 우수한 전기적, 광학적 특성을 지닌 하이브리드 전극이 투명 면상 발열체 재료로서 사용되고 있다. 하지만 대체된 재료들도 다양한 문제점을 가지고 있다. 예를 들어 고온에서 발열을 유지하지 못하고 끊어지거나 가시광영역의 투과율이 낮은 점 등이 있다. 이런 다양한 문제점들을 보완 할 수 있는 새로운 투명 면상 발열체에 적용한 연구가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GZO/Ag/GZO 하이브리드 구조의 투명 면상 발열체를 제작하여 전기적, 광학적 특성을 비교하고 발열량, 온도 균일 성, 발열 유지 안정도를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 $50{\times}50mm$ 크기의 Non-alkali glass (삼성코닝 E2000) 기판 상에 DC마그네트론 스퍼터링 공정을 이용하여 상온에서 GZO, Ag, GZO 박막을 연속적으로 증착 하여 다층구조의 하이브리드형 투명 면상 발열체를 제조하였다. 박막 증착 파워는 DC (Ag) power 50 W, RF (GZO) power 200 W로 하였으며 GZO박막두께는 45 nm로 고정 시키고 Ag박막 두께는 5~20 nm로 변화를 주었다. 증착원은 3인치 GZO 세라믹 타깃 (2.27 wt. % Ga2O3) 과 Ag 금속 타깃 (순도 99.99%)을 사용하였으며, Ar을 40 sccm 주입 후 Working pressure는 고 순도 Ar을 사용하여 1.0 Pa로 고정하며 10분간 Pre-sputtering을하고 증착을 진행하였다. 앞선 실험을 통해 증착한 박막의 전기적, 광학적 특성은 각각 Hall-effect measurements system (ECOPIA, HMS3000), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-1800, Shimadzu)를 사용해 측정 되었으며, 하이브리드 표면의 구조 및 형상은 FESEM으로 관찰하였다. 또한 표면온도 측정기infrared camera (IR camera)를 이용하여 4~12 V/cm의 전압을 인가 시 시간에 따른 투명 면상 발열체의 표면 온도변화를 관찰하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.235-235
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• 2009

This paper describes the influence of a polycrystalline (poly) 3C-SiC buffer layer on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties of poly aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films by comparing the center frequency, insertion loss, the electromechanical coupling coefficient ($k^2$), andthetemperaturecoefficientoffrequency(TCF) of an IDT/AlN/3C-SiC structure with those of an IDT/AlN/Si structure, The poly-AlN thin films with an (0002)-preferred orientation were deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate using a pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering system. Results show that the insertion loss (21.92 dB) and TCF (-18 ppm/$^{\circ}C$) of the IDT/AlN/3C-SiC structure were improved by a closely matched coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and small lattice mismatch (1 %) between the AlN and 3C-SiC. However, a drawback is that the $k^2(0.79%)$ and SAW velocity(5020m/s) of the AlN/3C-SiC SAW device were reduced by appearing in some non-(0002)AlN planes such as the (10 $\bar{1}$ 2) and (10 $\bar{1}$ 3) AlN planes in the AlN/SiC film. Although disadvantages were shown to exist, the use of the AlN/3C-SiC structure for SAW applications at high temperatures is possible. The characteristics of the AlN thin films were also evaluated using FT-IR spectra, XRD, and AFM images.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2007

In this study, first the ADU gel particle, an intermediate for final $UO_2$ kernel of a HTGR nuclear fuel, was prepared from sol-gel method using the broth solution which was made by mixing of the uranyl nitrate, poly vinyl alcohol and tetra-hydrofurfuryl alcohol. The prepared dried-ADU gel particles were converted to the $UO_2\;via\;UO_3$ from thermal treatment with the 4% $H_2$ atmosphere. The sizes of the spherical liquid droplets appeared $1900{\sim}2100{\mu}m$, and the harmony between the flow rate of the broth solution and the frequency and the amplitude of a vibrating system are important factors for the spherical ADU gel particles via the mono size spherical droplets. From the XRD and FT-IR analyses, the prepared ADU gel particles were judged to be a $UO_3{\cdot}xNH_3{\cdot}yH_2O$ form, and the most important factor during the thermal treatment of the dried-ADU gel particle must be avoided a rapidly heating rate in the range of $180{\sim}400^{\circ}C$, and the heating rate should be kept below $5^{\circ}C/min$.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2017

Objectives: Semecarpus anacardium Linn. is a plant well-known for its antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anti-arthritic properties in the Ayurvedic and Siddha system of medicine. This has prompted the screening of this plant for antibacterial activity. The main aims of this study were to isolate compounds from the plant's seeds and to evaluate their antibacterial effects on clinical bacterial test strains. Methods: The n-butanolic concentrate of the seed extract was subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) and repeated silica gel column chromatography followed by elution with various solvents. The compound was identified based on observed spectral (IR, $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry) data. The well diffusion method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the isolated acyclic isoprenoid compound (final concentration: $5-15{\mu}g/mL$) on four test bacterial strains, namely, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1689) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MTCC 9829). Results: Extensive spectroscopic studies showed the structure of the isolated compound to be an acyclic isoprenoid ($C_{21}H_{32}O$). Moreover, the isoprenoid showed a remarkable inhibition of bacterial growth at a concentration of $15{\mu}g/mL$ compared to the two other doses tested (5 and $10{\mu}g/mL$) and to tetracycline, a commercially available antibiotic that was used as a reference drug. Conclusion: The isolation of an antimicrobial compound from Semecarpus anacardium seeds validates the use of this plant in the treatment of infections. The isolated compound found to be active in this study could be useful for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.29.1-29.1
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• 2011

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of $MnO_x$ with $NH_3$ is an effective method for the removal of $MnO_x$ from stationary system. The typical catalyst for this method is $V_2O_5-WO_3(MoO_3)/TiO_2$, caused by the high activity and stability. However, This catalyst is active within $300{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ and occurs the pore plugging from the deposition of ammonium sulfate salts on the catalysts surface. It needs to locate the SCR unit after the desulfurizer and electrostatic precipitator without reheating of the flue gas as well as deposition of dust on the catalyst. The manganese oxides supported on titania catalysts have attracted interest because of its high SCR activity at low temperature. The catalytic activity of $MnO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst with different manganese precursors have investigated for low-temperature SCR in terms of structural, morphological, and physico-chemical analyses. The $MnO_x/TiO_2$ were prepared from three different precursors such as manganese nitrate, manganese acetate (II), and manganese acetate (III) by the sol-gel method and then it calcinated at $500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. The structural analysis was carried out to identify the phase transition and the change intensity of catalytic activity by various manganese precursors was analyzed by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. These different precursors also led to various surface Mn concentrations indicated by SEM. The Mn acetate (III) tends to be more suppressive the crystalline phase (rutile), and it has not only smaller particle size, but also better distributed than the others. It was confirmed that the catalytic activity of MA (III)-$MnO_x/TiO_2$ was the highest among them.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2007

The purpose of this study were to investigate influence of heat stress temperature on sympathetic nerve activities. Subjects were 8 normal adults (4 men, 4 women, 21.36 years old). First sympathetic nerve activities were measured at the point that increase of core temperature stops at the state of applying normal thermic temperature (NIT; $34^{\circ}C$). After measurement, temperature of bathtub was increased to heat stress temperature (HST; $46^{\circ}C$) and sympathetic nerve activities were remeasured at the point that temperature increase stops. Sympathetic skin response (SSR) were analyzed using EMG, IR thermometer, and auto stethoscope. SSR latency showed significant differences at both palms by electrical stimulation to median nerve (p<.05). Electrical stimulation to forehead showed significant difference at left palm (p<.05) and electrical stimulation to navel showed significant difference at right palm (p<.05). Median nerve in changes of SSR amplitude showed significant differences at both palms in HST (p<.01). Electrical stimulation to navel showed significant difference at left palm (p<.05). Ts of forehead and xiphoid process showed significant differences (p<0.01). Tc of oral (p<0.05) and inner ear (p<0.01) showed significant differences. Pulse rate showed significant difference (<0.05). This study showed that immersion in HST had significant decrease of excitability in sympathetic nervous system compared to immersion in NTT.